最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习精华版.docx
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最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习精华版.docx
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最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习精华版
主谓一致
(**)主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即(主语的人称和单复数形式)决定着(谓语动词对应的形式)。
(1)主谓一致的种类
一、【语法一致】
1.
(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.
(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。
Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.
Theknifeandfork____onthetable.
2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.
Collectingstampsishishobby.
Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
.
3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.
Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.
如果句子中有这些连接词(with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including)和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。
Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.
二、[意义一致原则]
指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
(有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。
)
1中心词为all,most,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。
Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。
Noneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。
Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。
2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。
About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。
主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时,动词则用复数。
这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。
Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。
Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时是例外。
Thepolicearesearchingforathief.
Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.
5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数,如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。
Someoneisaskingforyou.
Nothingisfoundintheroom.
6.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:
glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。
但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。
Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。
7.某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。
8.不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词<即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时>,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。
Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.
Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.
Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。
9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.
Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.
10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:
means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。
Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。
Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。
11.如果主语有morethanone(很多非常)或manya(许多)构成,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语。
尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式:
Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.
Manyagirlhasbeenthere.
但是,“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。
Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.
Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.Manyaboyhasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。
12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.
RootsisafamousAmericannovel.
三、[就近原则]
either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
NeitheryounorIamwrong.
Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.
[注意事项]
1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。
Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
Menofthiskindaredangerous.
2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
例如:
Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.
3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。
例如:
Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.
Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.
Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.
4.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.
quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.
(短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。
)
agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
例如:
5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.
.6.单复数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语用单数;反之,谓语用复数形式。
这类名词有:
sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)
7.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.
练习一
1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.
A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople
C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples
2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.
A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;was
C.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is
5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.
A.were;itB.are;them
C.was;itD.is;them
6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.
A.isexploitedB.areexploited
C.hadexploitedD.haveexploited
7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.
A.areB.aregoingtobe
C.isD.istobe
9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?
A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is
11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.
A.arewatchingB.iswatching
C.isseeingD.areseeing
13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.wasB.were
C.havebeenD.wouldbe
14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoung
peopleontheirwaytothevillage.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits
15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.
A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreserved
C.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved
16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.
A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen
17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.
A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that
18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.
A.iscoveredB.iscovering
C.werecoveredD.arecovered
19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.
A.beingB.areC.wasD.were
20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.
A.areB.isC.amD.were
21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.
A.havetoldB.tells
C.weretoldD.wastold
22.YouandI_____twinsisters.
A.wereB.areC.isD.am
23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.
A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven
24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.
A.rotsawayB.rotaway
C.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway
25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.
A.iscleaningB.arecleaning
C.werecleaningD.havecleaned
26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.
A.haveknownB.knows
C.isknownD.areknown
27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.
A.wereB.hasbeen
C.hadbeenD.was
28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’?
”
“______.”
A.NobodyofushasB.Nobodyofushave
C.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid
29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.
A.wereadvancingB.wereadvanced
C.wasadvancingD.advancing
30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.
A.isenjoyB.wereenjoying
C.enjoysD.enjoy
练习二
1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was
2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.
A.hasB.haveC.areD.was
4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers'officeafterclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.will
6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.
A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen
7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.
A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have
8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.
A.are B.is C.were D.have
9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
10.MrSmith,togetherwithhischildren,____arrived.
A.areB.has C.is D.have
11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.
A.is…is B.am…is C.is…am D.am…am
12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.
A.are B.were C.be D.is
13.Whenandwhereto
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