高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版).doc
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高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版).doc
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高中英语动词主谓一致复习
概念:
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语的人称和数保持一致
分类:
语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
一、语法一致:
主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用______形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用______形式。
e.g.Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Weoftenhelpeachother.
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用______;可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用______。
1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数,若指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数
①Theworkerandwriter______(be)fromWuhan.那个工人兼作家
②Theworkerandthewriter______(be)fromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家
③Breadandbutter______ourdailyfood.
2.动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用______形式。
①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.
②Tolivemeanstocreate.
③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.
④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.
3.定语从句的<关系代词who, which, that>在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
eg.Those who enjoy singing may join us.
Tom, who is your friend, should help you.
4.主语后跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including,ratherthan,等引起的短语,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。
eg.IthinkTom,ratherthanyou,istoblamefortheaccident.
二.意义一致
1.主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句:
①Eachdoctorand(each)nursewasgivenanewshirt.
②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.
③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.
④Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
2.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.
②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
③Tendollarsisenoughforhim.
④Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried
3不定代词anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?
②Someonewantstoseeyou.
③Anybodywhobreakstherulewillbepunished.
4.all,some,any,more,most,none,half,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therest/themajority,分数,百分数+名词做主语,谓语动词单复数取决于它们所表示的意义
eg.Halfoftheapple___________rotten.(be)
Halfoftheapples____________rotten.(be)
30%oftheliquid_____alcohol.(be)
30%ofthebooks__________inEnglish.(be)
三.就近原则
1、由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最______的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句:
①.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.
②.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.
③.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.
④.GeorgeorTomiswanted.
2、注意:
Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句:
①.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.
②.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.
③.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.
高考真题演练
1.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_____(be)savedforotherpurposes.
2.Onethirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______blackpeople.(be)
3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho_______(wear)eveningdress.
4.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.
5.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica.(be)
6.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?
—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea invited.(be)
7.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts (show)thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_____(be)goodforone’shealth.
8.Apoetandartist (be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.
9.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren____(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.
10.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads_______(keep)risingthesedays.
11.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_____(be)essentialtotherirdevelopment.
12.Allthescientificevidence________(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming______(be)damagingourhealth.
13.Mr.Black,aswellastheprofessorwho_____(come)fromPeckingUniversity,____(be)toattendourschoolmeeting.
改错练习:
14.Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.
15.Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.
16.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
17.Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.
18.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.
19.Sothen,aconcertcostsomuch.Imayjustlistentomusic.
20.IfIlistentomyownrecords,therearenoneedtospendmoney.
21.…you willprobablywanttojointheStampCollectors‘Clubwhichexisttoaddmorestampstoyourcollection.
22.Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhentheirparentswasout.
23.Morethan3,000studentstookexamsforit,butonlyafewwaschosen.
24.Livinginaboardingschoolmakemeindependent,whichhasagreateffectonme.
【典型例题】
[例1]E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.
A.isplaying B.haveplayed C.areplaying D.play
分析:
带有aswellas短语的名词做主语时,谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致,不受aswellas短语内容的影响。
E-mail是单数形式,故选择A。
[例2]EitherJohnorhisfriends_____toblameforthebadresults.
A.are B.is C.was D.hasbeen
分析:
either…or..连接两个名词做主语时,其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致,本题中hisfriends决定了谓语动词的形式,故选择A。
[例3]Theconductorandcomposer_____byacrowdofpeople.
A.aregreeted B.isgreeted C.greets D.havebeengreeted
分析:
根据句意,主语部分的Theconductorandcomposer是指一个人即:
乐队指挥兼作曲家,所以主语的内容是单数形式,故选择B。
[例4]—Thetrousers_____youwell,madam.
—Butthecolour_____me.
A.fit;don’tsuit B.fits;doesn’tsuitC.fits;don’tsuit D.fit;doesn’tsuit
分析:
trousers,clothes,glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。
谓语动词用复数形式。
Colour是单数,谓语用单数,故选择D。
[例5]TheSmith’sfamily,which_____ratheralargeone,_____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.
A.were;were B.was;were C.were;was D.was;was
分析:
family指“家庭”为单数,指“家庭成员”为复数形式。
第一空格前的which指“家庭”谓语用was.第二空格后的fondof指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were,故选择B。
[例6]Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hasbeen
分析:
当定语从句先行词是“oneof+复数形式”时,其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。
而当one之前有theonly时,定语从句则强调theonlyone,谓语动词用单数。
另外,题目中的时间状语forthreeyears表明从句的时态为现在完成时,故选择D。
[例7]Threefifthsofthepolice_____intheschoolnearthetown.
A.hastrained B.havetrainedC.hasbeentrained D.havebeentrained
分析:
分数+名词做主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式(可数名词或不可数名词)决定,police是集合名词为复数形式,根据句子意思,police与train为被动关系,应用被动语态,故选择D。
短文改错片段:
1.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
分析:
本句中主语Nowmypictureandtheprize是复数形式,谓语动词is应改为are.
2.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.
分析:
本句第一行,根据全篇内容的语境,应当是一般现在时,所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行:
根据句意:
我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。
Stranger应当与主语we一致,改为复数形式,strangers.
3.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.
分析:
主语information是不可数名词,are应改为is
【模拟试题】
1.—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?
—No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudents_____totheplayground.
A.go B.went C.hasgone D.havegone
2.—Aretheseyoursheep?
—No.Mine_____ongrassatthefootofthehill.
A.arefeeding B.feed C.isfed D.isfeeding
3.Sittingatthebackoftheroombutinfrontofsomeoldmenandwomen_____averyshygirlwithtwobrighteyes.
A.was B.are C.were D.therewas
4.Mr.Bush,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter_____goingtoJapannextweek.
A.are B.is C.willbe D.wouldbe
5.Nottheteacherbutthestudents_____excited.
A.is B.has C.are D.have
6.AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes_____allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.
A.are B.was C.is D.were
7._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifths;are C.Twofifth;are D.Twofifths;is
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