高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题71.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题71.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题71
2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题(71)及答案
阅读理解
DNA(Deoxyribonucleicacid)isoneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinscience.DNAistheplanforthehumanbeing,asablueprintistheplanforabuilding.DNAmakesapersonlookthewayhedoes.Aperson’sDNAcomesfromamixingofhisparents’DNA.That’swhyachildlookslikehisparents.But,besidescontrollingthingssuchasheightandhaircolor,DNAcanalsogivepeoplediseases.ScientistsarenowstudyingDNAtocurediseases.
Intheseventies,scientistsdevelopedaprocesscalledrecombinant(重新组合)orRDNA.Althoughitsoundsdifficulttounderstand,RDNAsimplymeanstakingDNAfromoneanimalorplantandputtingitintoanother.Bydoingso,scientistscancreatenewbeings.Insodoing,scientistscanbetterunderstandDNA,especiallywhatpartsofDNAdowhat.AftertheyunderstandDNA,scientistscanbegintocurediseases.Often,thenewbeingcreatedwillitselfbethecure.
Besidescuringdiseases,RDNAresearchcanalsodootherthings.Forexample,scientistsinJapanhavealreadycreated“super-trees”.Treeshelphumans,becausetheytakeCO2,whichpoisonshumans,fromtheairandturnitintooxygen,whichletshumansbreathe.“Super-trees”dothistoo,butdoitmuchfaster.AsthingssuchascarsandfactorieshavealreadyputmuchCO2inthearea,“super-trees”arebadlyneeded.
Unfortunately,thereisaseriousdangerinRDNAresearch.Scientistswanttocreateanimalstocureolddiseases,butthesenewanimalsmayalsocreatenewdiseases.Itwillbeaseriousproblemiftheanimalsescapefromthesciencelaboratoryandintonature.Astheseanimalsarenotnatural,theymaylet_loosemanynewpowerfuldiseases.
Asaresult,RDNAresearchwillcreatemanysolutions(解决方案),butitwillalsocreatemanyproblems.
5.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthataboylookslikehisparentsbecause______.
A.heissonofhisparents
B.hisparents’DNAdecideshisappearance
C.hehasreceivedDNAfromhisfatherorhismother
D.scientistshaveputsomeofhisparents’DNAintohim
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“letloose”probablymean?
A.let...gofreeB.getridof
C.absorbD.survive
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheDANResearchinJapan.
B.ANewWayofDNAResearchinJapan.
C.TheCausesandEffectsofDNAResearch.
D.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofRDNA.
8.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutRDNAresearchEXCEPT______.
A.theresearchhasbeenstoppedbecausethecreatedanimalscarryviruses
B.“super-trees”mightbewidelyplantedaroundtheworld
C.scientistshavenotcompletelyunderstoodDNA
D.RDNAresearchwillbenefithumanbeingsalot
[答案]
说起DNA,大家都知道它指的是遗传基因,可你知道什么是RDNA吗?
本文将带你去探索这个神秘的微观世界。
5.B。
细节理解题。
根据第一段第四句和第五句可知孩子之所以看起来像父母是由于父母的DNA决定了他的相貌。
父母不是把他们的DNA以外在形式传递给孩子,因而D项错误。
6.A。
词义猜测题。
本段前面提到这种被科学家们创造出来的动物可能会产生新的疾病,所以如果它们从实验室中逃脱,可能会“传播”很多新的可怕的疾病。
后三项分别表示“除掉”“吸收”“幸存”,都不符合语境。
7.D。
主旨大意题。
文章从第二段开始叙述的都是RDNA的优点和缺点,因此本部分内容是文章的中心。
8.A。
细节理解题。
此项在文章中没有信息支持。
由于“super-trees”能比普通的树更快地吸收二氧化碳,所以能在全世界种植;根据第一段最后一句可知科学家还没有完全理解DNA;根据第二段后半部分和第三段前半部分可知D项本身没有错误。
阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
AlmostanyonewhohasreadatravelbrochureaboutAfricahasheardofelephantsgettingdrunkfromthefruitofthemarulatree.Itissaidthatelephantscangetdrunkbyeatingthefermented(发酵)fruitrottingontheground.Bookshaveevenbeenwrittentoprovethetruthofthephenomenon.
ButastudypublishedinthejournalPhysiologicalandBiochemicalZoologytellsaverydifferentstory.
SteveMorris,abiologistattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandandanauthorofthestudy,saysthereisnothinginthebiologyofeithertheAfricanelephantorthemarulafruittosupportthestories.Morrissays,“peoplejustwanttobelieveindrunkenelephants.”
Themarulatree,amemberofthesamefamilyasthemango,growswidelyinAfrica.Itssweet,yellowfruitisusedformakingjam,wineandbeer.“Thefirstmistakeofthedrunken-elephanttheoryisthatit’sunlikelythatanelephantwouldeatthefruitifitwererotten,”Morrissays.“Elephantseatthefruitrightoffthetree,notwhenit’srottenontheground,”heexplains.
Otherexpertsaddthatifanelephantweretoeatthefruitontheground,itwouldn’twaitforthefruittoferment.MichelleGadd,anAfricanwildlifespecialist,saysthatelephantsandmanyotheranimals,includingbirdsandmonkeys,aretoofondofmarulafruittoletitrot.
Iffermentedfruitonthegroundisoutofthequestion,soisthenotionthatthefruitcouldfermentinthestomachofelephants,accordingtothestudyauthors.Foodtakesbetween12and46hourstopassthroughanelephant’sdigestivesystem,theauthorspointout,whichisnotenoughforthefruittoferment.
Supposingthatthishappened,it’sstillhighlyimprobablethatthefoodwouldproduceenoughalcoholtomakeanelephantdrunk.Throughcalculationsofbodyweight,elephantdigestionrates,andotherfactors,theauthorsconcludethatitwouldtakeabout1.9litresofethanol(乙醇)tomakeanelephantdrunk.
56.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A.itisnoteasytofindmarulafruitinthewildinAfrica
B.Africanelephantsdon’tliketoeatmarulafruitatall
C.marulafruitcanbemadeintofoodordrinkconsumedbypeople
D.birdsandmonkeysinAfricaliketoeatrottenmarulafruit
57.AccordingtoParagraph6,marulafruitislikelytoferment________.
A.inabout12hoursB.inabout34hours
C.between12and46hoursD.inmorethan46hours
58.AccordingtoMr.Morris,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Elephantsjusteatthefruitrightoffthetree.
B.Elephantswillnoteatthefruitwhichisrotten.
C.Themarulatreeandthemangobelongtodifferentfamilies.
D.ThereareseveralconnectionsbetweenElephantsandthemarulafruit.
59.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?
A.Elephantsgettingdrunk.
B.Marulafruitfermentinginelephants’stomachs.
C.Elephantseatingrottenmarulafruit.
D.Elephantseatingmarulatreesdirectly.
57.【答案】D
【解析】根据本段中“Foodtakesbetween12and46hourstopassthroughanelephant’sdigestivesystem,theauthorspointout,whichisnotenoughforthefruittoferment.”可知答案。
【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。
58.【答案】B
【解析】根据第四段中“Thefirstmistakeofthedrunken-elephanttheoryisthatit’sunlikelythatanelephantwouldeatthefruitifitwererotten,”Morrissays.“Elephantseatthefruitrightoffthetree,notwhenit’srottenontheground”一句可知。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
59.【答案】B
【解析】“Supposingthatthishappened,it’sstillhighlyimprobablethatthefoodwouldproduceenoughalcoholtomakeanelephantdrunk.”这句话的意思是假设这种果实在大象体内能发酵,那它产生的乙醇也不足以使大象醉倒。
【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。
阅读理解
TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.
Thestreams,lakes,meadows(草地),mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitatsareendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconosnaturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment,theNatureConservancy(大自然保护协会)namedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”.
Operatingoutofacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sbudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.BydevelopingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.
Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.
CookowestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents.
“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequietforests,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.
FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelptheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatPlaces,”pleasecall1-888-5646864orvisitusontheWorldWideWebatwww.tnc.org.
53.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”isto________.
A.gainsupportfromthelocalcommunity
B.protectitfromirresponsibledevelopment
C.makeitabetterhomeforblackbears
D.providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerations(B)
54.Welearnfromthepassagethat________.
A.thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing
B.wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidly
C.thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatened
D.farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfast(A)
55.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?
A.Thesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsite
B.SupportfromorganizationslikeTheNatureConservancy
C.Cooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders
D.Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram
56.Thepassagemostprobablyis________.
A.anofficialdocumentB.anewsstory
C.anadvertisementD.aresearchreport
Everyfall,likeclockwork,LindaKrentzofBeaverton,Oregon,feltherbraingoonstri
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