英语分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类.docx
- 文档编号:17549856
- 上传时间:2023-07-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:234
- 大小:473.23KB
英语分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类.docx
《英语分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类.docx(234页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英语分类汇编阅读理解之科普知识类
6年模拟【2007-2012】英语汇编:
阅读理解之科普知识类
2012年模拟题
【湖北省八校2012届高三第一次联考】Squirrelsoftencommunicatewithwhistles,chirpsandchucks,whichsoundliketheword“chuck”.Whistlesandchirpsarelikethesoundsthatmanybirdsmake.Nowscientistshavetranslatedsomeoftheirsquirrel-speak.
Hare,aprofessorofzoologyattheUniversityofManilohainWinnipeg,andhisteammanagedtorecordsquirrels'alarmcalls.Theresearchersstudiedthesoundsandthenplayedthembackto60wildsquirrels,whichthescientistsapproachedindividuallywithavideorecordertocapture(抓拍)theirreponses.Somesquirrelsliftedtheirheadsupandbecame.Alert(警惕的).Creaturesthatweremorefrightenedsimplyranfortheirlivesanddivedintocaves.
"Ineffectthen,whistlesthatmixwithchuckssay'there'sanenemyofaveragethreatthat'shere',andwhistleswithoutchuckssay'there'sanenemyofseeminglyaveragethreataroundheresomewhere',whilepurechirpssay,'I'mhidingherebecausethere'sanimmediatedanger.'"Haretold.DiscoveryNews.
Hareandsomeotherresearchersbelievesuchsoundsarcpartofanadvancedlanguagethatdevelopsjustasallothercommunicationsystems.
Althoughsquirrelsrisktheirliveswhentheycallouttowarnothersofthreats,othersquirrelsmightadmirethisbehaviour,thusincreasinglythecaller’ssocialstatus,likehumanswholookuptoheroes.Hareaddedthatotheranimals,suchasbirds,probablyunderstandatleastsomesquirrellanguage,sincetheyalsomaybenefitfromthealarmcalls.
Infact,anotherCanadianstudyfoundthatdeep-voiced,black-cappedchickadeeshavetheirownlanguagetoo.Accordingtocertainresearch,therearealotoftidingsinchickadees'calls,suchasdirectingfellows'activities,keepingincontactbetweenmates,andraisingalarms.
Whilechickadeesandotherbirdsareoftenwelcomedintogardensbyhomeowners,squirrelsarefrequentlyviewedaspests(害兽).Harewishesagreaterunderstandingofthecomplexsociallivesandcommunicationsystemsofsquirrelswillprovide“hopethathumanswillgainagreaterappreciationandstopdoingharmtotheseanimals”.
1.Thetextmainlytalksabout.
A.thestudyonthelanguageofsquirrels
B.thecomparisonbetweensquirrelsandchickadees
C.thecallingfortheprotectionofsquirrels
D.thewaysforsquirrelstoescapefromtheirenemies
2.Ifasquirrelisinaverydangeroussituation,itwouldprobablymake____.
A.whistleswithchucksB.purechirps
C.whistleswithoutchucksD.repeatedchucks
3.Theunderlinedword“tidings”inpardgmph6probablymeans____.
A.difficultiesB.poisesC.messagesD.languages
4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthistext?
A.Squirrelscommunicatewithcachotherashumansdo.
B.Somesquirrelsunderstandtherecordedalarmcalls.
C.Otheranimalsalsowellunderstandthelanguageofsquirrels.
D.Birdssuchaschickadeesdon’thavetheirownlanguage.
1.A主旨大意题。
纵观全文可以看出,文章向我们讲述了Hare以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言的研究。
2.B细节理解题。
由文章中的“whilepurechirpssay,'I'mhidingherebecausethere'sanimmediatedanger”可以看出,B项正确。
3.C词义推测题。
下文suchas后里列举的“directingfellows'activities,keepingincontactbetweenmates,andraisingalarms”都是是不同的信息,由此可以看出,该词和message同义。
4.B推理判断题。
从文章的第二段中“…Somesquirrelsliftedtheirheadsupandbecame.Alert(警惕的).Creaturesthatweremorefrightenedsimplyranfortheirlivesanddivedintocaves.”可以看出,松鼠们对于“therecordedalarmcalls”反应很忙敏感,也就是说他们能理解。
【2012·三明联考】
It’struethatquiteafewmostrespectedscientificauthoritieshaveconfirmedthattheworldisbecominghotterandhotter.There’salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming.Countlessrecentreportshaveprovedthesamething.Forinstance,a2010summaryabouttheclimatesciencebytheRoyalSocietynotedthat:
“Theglobalwarmingoverthelasthalf-centuryhasbeencausedmainlybyhumanactivity.”
Youmaynotbelievethathumanscouldchangetheplanet’sclimate,butthebasicscienceiswellunderstood.Eachyear,billionsoftonsofgreenhousegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherebecauseofhumanactivity.Ashasbeenknownforyears,thesegasesholdheatthatwouldotherwiseescapetospace,wrappingtheplanetinaninvisible(看不见的)blanket.
Ofcourse,theearth’sclimatehasalwaysbeenchangingdueto“natural”factorssuchasvolcaniceruption(熔化)orchangesinsolar,orcyclesconcerningtheEarth’sgoingaroundthesun.Accordingtothescientificresearch,however,thewarmingobservedbynowmatchesthepatternofwarmingwewouldexpectfromabuild-upofgreenhousegasintheatmosphere–notthewarmingwewouldexpectfromotherpossiblecauses.
Evenifscientistsdiddiscoveranotherreasonableexplanationforthewarmingrecordedsofar,thatwouldgivebirthtoadifficultquestion.AsRobertHensonputsit:
“Ifsomenewlydiscoveredfactoristoblamefortheclimatechange,thenwhyaren’tcarbondioxideandtheothergreenhousegasesproducingthewarmingthatbasicphysicstellsustheyshouldbe?
”
Theonlywaytoprovewith100%certaintythathumansareresponsibleforglobalwarmingwouldbetorunanexperimentwithtwoidenticalEarths–onewithhumaninfluenceandonewithout.Thatobviouslyisn’tpossible,andsomostscientistsarecarefulnottostatehumaninfluenceasanabsolutecertainty.
1.Inmostscientists’opinion,theglobalwarmingismainlycausedby________.
A.solaractivity
B.volcanicactivity
C.naturalfactors
D.humanfactors
2.Thetextisdevelopedby________.
A.givingtypicalexamples
B.followingtheorderofspace
C.analyzingatheoryandarguingit
D.comparingandfindingdifferences
3.Theunderlineword“identical”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.
A.totallydifferent
B.exactlythesame
C.extremelyimportant
D.partlyindependent
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?
A.AreAlltheScientistsReallyScientific?
B.WhereIsGlobalWarmingLeadingUsto?
C.AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming?
D.What’sRelationofGlobalWarmingandGreenhouseGases?
【答案与解析】这是一篇关于全球气候变暖的文章。
文章分析了导致全球变暖的各种原因,并指出人类活动因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。
1.D考查事实细节。
根据第一段第二句“here’salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming”(这儿也有强有力的证据表明人类为全球气候变暖做出了“贡献”)可知人类因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。
humanfactors(人类因素).。
2.C考查综合理解。
纵观全文,第一段提出人类活动因素是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。
接下来分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候变暖。
文章就是按这种方式叙述的。
analyzingatheoryandarguingit(分析理论并进行辩论)符合本文描述方式。
3.B考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段句意,要用两个同样的地球做实验(一个有人类影响,另一个没有)来证明人类的确应该为全球气候变暖承担责任。
exactlythesame(极端相似)符合该词词义。
4.C标题判断题。
文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖,然后分析讨论为什么人类活动能够导致全球气候变暖。
文章通篇都贯穿人类的活动。
AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming?
(的确是人类导致全球气候变暖吗)符合该文章标题。
【2012·顺义素质展示】ThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.
ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica,whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii,Florida,partsofAustralia,SouthAfricaandJapan.InNorthAmerica,thebrownwidowwasrestrictedformanydecadestotheFloridapeninsula.However,aroundtheyear2000,itstartedshowingupinotherGulfCoaststates.BrownwidowsarenowknownfromTexastoGeorgiaandSouthCarolina.
Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots,mailboxes,entrywaycorners,undereaves,storageclosetsandgarages,undercarriagesofmotorvehiclesthatarestationaryforlongperiods,andtheundersidesofoutdoorfurniture.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore,appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.
Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives,butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitewerethatthebitehurtwhenitwasgivenanditleftaredmark.Thesetwosymptomsarenotmuchdifferentfromthebiteofnormalhouseholdspiders.
Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore,mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Also,oneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.Theseitemsincluderarelyworngarmentssuchasgardeningclothesandgloves,recreationalitemslikesportsequipment(i.e.,baseballgloves)andotheritemswherespiderscancrawlupintoholeswherefingerscanbeinserted.
1.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto_______.
A.announcetheresultofaresearchonspiders
B.introducethewaystogetridofthespiders
C.reportanewfindingofthewidowspecies
D.warnreadersagainstthebrownwidow
2.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat_______.
A.brownwidowsarespreadingnorthward
B.thebrownwidoworiginatedfromAfrica
C.brownwidowsnowcanbefoundinallcountries
D.thereusedtobenobrownwidowsinNorthAmerica
3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_______.
A.thebrownwidow’swebbuilding
B.thecharacteristicsofthebrownwidow
C.thehabitatpreferenc
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 分类 汇编 阅读 理解 科普知识