清远市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案Word下载.docx
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清远市高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案Word下载.docx
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Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.
Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation(捕食)bydomesticcats;
collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;
andpervasive(普遍的)useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.
It'
sawake-upcallthatwe'
velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"
saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.
(1)Theunderlinedword"
decay"
inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.
A.improvement
B.worsening
C.changed
D.threat
(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.
B.Applicationsoftheresearch.
C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.
D.Methodsoftheresearch.
(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.
A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter
B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders
C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations
D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。
发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示,美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了,鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失,作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫,需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“It'
surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects(多米诺效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知,解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫,人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康,这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统,可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化,故选B。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第三段“在过去10年中,在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测,以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献,分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据,这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。
”可知,本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.”可知,鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力,把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标:
把鸟类带回来,所以解决这个危机需要国际合作,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied,Icouldn'
tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup,mylaughturnedintocrying.
Soitcameasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingcomefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages,scientistsarediscoveringthatso,too,doescrying.
Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotionalhealth,andcryingseemstoworkwell.Onestudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.
Besides,tearsattracthelpfromotherpeople.Researchersagreethatwhenwecry,peoplearoundusbecomekinderandfriendlierandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandcomfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter;
sometimeswedon'
tevenknowwe'
reverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcrying,andthenwecandealwiththem.
Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying-holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering-canbebadforphysicalhealth,Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don'
tfightit.It'
sanatural–andhealthy-emotionalresponse.
(1)Whydidn'
ttheauthorcrywhenhergrandmotherdied?
A.
Theauthordoesn'
tgivetheexplanation.
B.
Becauseshedidnotlovehergrandmother.
C.
Becauseshewastooshytocryatthattime.
D.
Becauseherfatherdidnotwanthertofeeltoosad.
(2)Itcaninferredfromthetextthat______.
therearetwowaystokeepmentalhealth
cryingdoesmoregoodtohealththanlaughing
cryingandlaughingplaythesamejobs
emotionalhealthhasacloserelationshiptophysicalhealth
(3)Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.
Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.
Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.
Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.
(4)Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?
PowerofTears
HowtoKeepHealthy
WhyWeCry
ANewScientificDiscovery
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍哭对我们健康有益的几个方面。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied,Icouldn'
tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup,mylaughturnedintocrying.”当我小的时候,我的祖母去世了,我不明白为什么我没有眼泪。
但那天晚上,当我爸爸试图让我高兴起来时,我的笑变成了哭。
”可以得知作者并没有提到没有哭的原因,故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotionalhealth,andcryingseemstoworkwell.Onestudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.”无论采取什么方法来减轻压力,对我们的情绪健康都很重要,而哭泣似乎很有效。
一项研究发现,85%的女性和73%的男性表示哭泣后感觉更好。
从文章可知情感健康与身体健康密切相关。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying-holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering-canbebadforphysicalhealth,Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.”正如哭泣是健康的,不哭泣——抑制愤怒、痛苦或苦难的泪水——可能对身体健康有害,研究表明,过度控制情绪可能导致高血压、心脏病和其他一些疾病。
可知B是明显正确的。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文介绍了哭的力量和作用,并且介绍了哭对我们健康有益的几个方面,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.(2019•天津)阅读理解
Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?
Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?
Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?
Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.
Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;
whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.
Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.
Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.
Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.
(1)Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?
Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.
Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.
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