考研英语阅读unit14.docx
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考研英语阅读unit14.docx
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考研英语阅读unit14
Unit14
Stormsmaketreestakedeeperroots.
风暴使树木深深扎根
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
社会生活
430
/10
Text2
文化教育
437
/10
Text3
商业经济
417
/10
Text4
社会生活
437
/10
PartB
生态环境
698
/10
PartC
科普知识
459
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
WhenJuliusCaesarmadehistriumphalentranceintoRomein45BC,hecelebratedbygivingafeastatwhichthousandsofguestsgorgedonpoultry,seafoodandgame.Similarcelebrationsfeaturingexorbitantconsumptionofanimalfleshhavemarkedhumanvictories—inwar,sport,politicsandcommerce—sinceourspecieslearnedtocontrolfire.Throughoutthedevelopingworldtoday,oneofthefirstthingspeopledoastheyclimboutofpovertyistoshiftfromtheirpeasantdietofmainlygrainsandbeanstoonethatisrichinporkorbeef.Since1950,percapitalconsumptionofmeataroundtheglobehasmoredoubled.
Meat,itseems,isnotjustfoodbutrewardaswell.Butinthecomingcentury,thatwillchange.Muchaswehaveawakenedtothefulleconomicandsocialcostsofcigarettes,wewillfindwecannolongersubsidizeorignorethecostsofmass-producingcattle,poultry,pigs,sheepandfishtofeedourgrowingpopulation.Thesecostsincludehugelyinefficientuseoffreshwaterandland,heavypollutionfromlivestockfeces,risingratesofheartdiseaseandotherdegenerativeillness,andspreadingdestructionoftheforestsonwhichmuchofourplanet’slifedepends.
First,considertheimpactonsuppliesoffreshwater.Toproduce1kgoffeedlotbeefrequires7kgoffeedgrain,whichtakes1000kgofwatertogrow.Passuponehamburger,andyou’llsaveasmuchaswaterasyousavebytaking40showerswithalow-flownozzle.YetintheU.S.,70%ofallthewheat,cornandothergrainproducedgoestofeedingherdsoflivestock.Aroundtheworld,asmorewaterisdivertedtoraisingpigsandchickensinsteadofproducingcropsfordirectconsumption,millionsofwellsaregoingdry.India,China,NorthAfricaandtheU.S.areallrunningfreshwaterdeficits,pumpingmorefromtheiraquifersthanraincanreplenish.Aspopulationsinwaterscarceregionscontinuetoexpand,governmentswillinevitablyacttocutthesedeficitsbyshiftingwatertogrowfood,notfeed.Thenewpolicieswillraisethepriceofmeattolevelsunaffordableforanybuttherich.
Thatprospectwilldoubtlesslyprovokeproteststhatdirectconsumptionofgraincan’tprovidethesameproteinthatmeatprovides.Indeed,itcan’t.Butnutritionistswillattestthatmostpeopleintherichestcountriesdon’tneednearlyasmuchproteinaswe’recurrentlygettingfrommeat,andthereareplentyofvegetablesources—includingthegrainsnowsquanderedonfeed—thatcanprovidetheproteinweneed.
1.TheauthorcitestheexampleofCaesar’sfeattosuggestthat
[A]CaesarmadeabigtriumphalentranceintoRome.
[B]thevictorywascelebratedwithvariouskindsofmeat.
[C]peoplethinkeatingmeatisasymbolofwealthandvictory.
[D]Caesarandhisguestsenjoythefeastwithmeetverymuch.
2.Theauthorcomparesmeateatingtocigarettesmokingbecause
[A]bothofthemarepersonalhabits.
[B]theycostalotofeconomicandsocialresources.
[C]eatingmeatcanbeexpensiveifpeopleliketosmoke.
[D]theycanleadtosomeseriousdiseases.
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?
[A]Toproducethesameamountofbeefneeds7000timestheweightofwater.
[B]Theresourcesweneedtomakeahamburgerequaltothatof40showers.
[C]Asmorewaterisusedtoraisepoultry,waterscarceregionswillincrease.
[D]Tocontrolwaterdeficit,governmentswillraisethepriceofmeat.
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?
[A]Onlyasmallpartofthegrainisdirectlyconsumedintheworld.
[B]Eatingmeatmightbeasymbolofrichnessinthefuture.
[C]Peopletodayeatmuchmoremeatthanwhatisnecessary.
[D]Manyrichcountriesfacetheproblemoffreshwatershortage.
5.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]ThechangeoffoodstructureinAmerica.
[B]Watershortagecausedbymeatconsumption.
[C]Theincreaseofmeatsupplyaroundtheglobe.
[D]Thecostofmeatconsumption.
Text2
IagreethattheCanadianimmersionandbilingualschoolshavebeensuccessfulinproducingfunctionallybilingualstudents.IntheprovinceofManitoba,thereareFrench,Ukrainian,andGermanimmersionschools;Hebrewbilingualschools;andaschoolfornativeIndianstudents.EnglishimmersionprogramsarepopularforstudentsfromtheprovinceofQuebecaswellasfromcountriessuchasLibyaandJapan.However,Mr.Whelpton’ssuggestedconditionthatteachersintheseschoolsmustbefullybilingualmaybeunnecessary.Forexample,primaryteacherscananddofunctionwithasmallervocabularythansecondaryteachers.
Secondly,itisdoubtfulthatstudentswilluseEnglishbecausethey“understandandaccepttheobjectiveofmakingEnglishthelanguageoftheclassroom,”whichisarathersterilemotive.OnereasonthatCanadianimmersionprogramsworkisbecauseofthecommitmenttoWholeLanguageLearning,thatis,childrenlearnalanguage,(firstorsecond),byusingittotransmitorreceivemeaningfulmessagesthatareinteresting,realandimportant.
Theywanttomaketheirneedsanddesiresknownandtounderstandtheworldaroundthem.Immersionprogramsintegratelanguageandcontentinanactivity-based,child-centeredmannersothatthechildismotivatedtousethesecondlanguageasatooltotransmitandreceivemessagesrelatedtosocialandacademicinterests.Inadditionthesecondlanguageismodeledthroughouttheschool,isencouragedandrewarded,andthusbecomesthelanguageofchoice.Itisnotnecessaryto“abandon”Cantonese;animmersionprogramshouldprovidesomedailyinstructioninthefirstlanguage.
Mr.Whelpton’sthirdargumentthatallthestudentsinoneclassneedtobeatapproximatelythesamelevelofEnglishproficiencywhentheyswitchtoEnglishisunrealisticandunprofitable.Howdoesateachergroupchildrenwhohaveahugevocabularybutpoorgrammarskillsandotherswhohavecorrectgrammarbutapoorvocabulary?
Also,supposethestudentshavesimilarlanguageabilitiesbutdifferentlearningstyles!
Theoddsarethatateacher,atanypointintime,willbeteachingatalevelthatistoodifficultforone-third,tooeasyforone-thirdandappropriateforthefinalone-thirdofthestudents.Hencetheconceptofco-operativelearning:
studentsinheterogeneousgroupswithamixtureofpersonalities,talentsandweaknesses(amorerealisticreflectionoflife)learnbetterastheyco-operate,insteadofcompete,anddependoneachotherforsupportandinformation.Thistypeoflearningenvironmentfreestheteacherfromthetraditionallecturingmodeinfavorofcirculating,monitoringandchallengingthestudentstomakeuseoftheirdifferentexperiencestoexpandtheirknowledgeandskills.
6.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheCanadianimmersionprogramis
[A]balanced.[B]unenthusiastic.
[C]supportive.[D]critical.
7.Theword“sterile”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]uninspiring.[B]unusual.
[C]stereotypical.[D]uninformative.
8.TheCanadianimmersionprogramhasbeenasuccessbecause
[A]itmakesEnglishthelanguageoftheclassroom.
[B]studentsinclassroomsareataboutthesamelevel.
[C]studentscanusetheirfirstlanguagefreelyinclassrooms.
[D]itworkstowardsreallifegoalsofthestudents.
9.Accordingtotheauthortherealityofclassroomteachingis
[A]morestraightforwardthanMr.Whelptondescribes.
[B]moredifficulttocontrolthanMr.Whelptondescribes.
[C]morelivelythanMr.Whelptondescribes.
[D]morecomplicatedthanMr.Whelptondescribes.
10.Theauthorusesacolon(Line3,Para5)to
[A]giveevidenceforthepointmade.[B]explaintheterm.
[C]introducetheconsequence.[D]provideareason.
Text3
Thestrongestcaseforglobalizationistheliberalone.Itisalmostneverheard,leastofallfromgovernmentsorbusinessmen.Internationaleconomicintegration,ontheliberalview,iswhathappenswhentechnologyallowspeopletopursuetheirowngoalsandtheyaregiventhelibertytodoso.Iftechnologyadvancestothepointwhereitsupportstradeacrossborders,andifpeoplethenchoosetotradeacrossborders,youhaveintegration,andbecausepeoplehavefreelychosenitthisisagoodthing.Also,againbecausepeoplehavefreelychosenthiscourse,youwouldexpecttheretobeeconomicbenefitsaswell.
Byandlarge,theoryandpracticeconfirmthatthisisso.AdamSmith’sinvisiblehanddoesitswork.Peoplechoosewhatservestheirownself-interest,eachofthemmakingthatjudgmentforhimself.Theresultisthatsocietyasawholeprospersandadvancesspontaneously,notbydesignofanypersonorgovernment.
Allkindsofqualificationsandelaborationsareneeded,obviously,tofillouttheargumentproperly.Thissurveywilloffersomeoftheminduecourse.Butitisessentialtounderstandonepointfromtheoutset.Theliberalcaseforglobalizationisemphaticallynotthecasefordomesticorinternationallaisserfaire.Liberalismlaysdownnocertaintiesabouttherequirementsofsocialjusticeintermsofincomeredistributionortheextentofthewelfarestate.Itrecognizesthatmarketshavetheirlimits,forinstanceintendingtothesupplyofpublicgoods(suchasacleanenvironment).Aliberaloutlookisconsistentwithsupportforawiderangeofgovernmentinterventions;indeedaliberaloutlookdemandsmanysuchinterventions.
Butthestartingpointforallliberal
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