英语单项知识的讲解与练习28.docx
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习28.docx
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习28
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(28)
136、it的用法
(1)、it作形式主语时, 当句子的真正主语是不定式、从句时, 真正主语不放在句首,这种结构常用来表示重要性(important,essential,necessary)、难易性(difficult,hard,easy)、可能性(probable,possible,impossible)、有用性(useful,ofuse,nouse)、感情反应(interesting,lovely,amusing,worried,apity)。
含主语从句比较特殊的句型:
It'ssaidthat/It'sbelievedthat/It'sthoughtthat/It'stoldthat/Ithappensthat/Itseemsthat/Itappearsthat从句,它们只有一种形式,不能把that从句放到句首而用it形式主语。
(2)、it指代句子,被指代的句子在同forget,know,remember,tell,try等动词连用时,it可省略。
如:
Youwon’tforgettowrite,willyou?
No,Iwon’tforget(it).
(3)、某些动词的宾语是不定式、动名词或由that,if或whether引导的名词性从句时,通常用it代替。
这类动词主要是一些表示感觉或思想智力活动的动词,如:
think,find,consider,feel,make,believe,expect,count等。
如:
Icountitanhonourtoserveyou.
(4)、某些动词(如:
have,like,take)后不能直接接that从句,必须用it作形式宾语。
如:
Rumourhasitthatheisgoingtoleavetown.
(5)、在由动词加介词构成的短语动词后通常不接that从句作宾语,而用it作形式宾语。
如:
Youmaydependonitthattheywilldotheirbesttohelpyou.
(6)、在it引导的强调句型中,强调部分无论是单数或复数,均用is或was;强调是时间、地点不准用where和when,只能用that。
练习:
①___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
②Canitbeinthedrawer___youputyourpassport?
A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.which
③Itis___forthestudentswhodon’tworkhardtobeadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.politeB.stupidC.foolishD.impossible
④Itis___theboytoplaywithadog.
A.naughtyofB.naughtyforC.wrongforD.honestfor
⑤Itwas______hesaid______disappointedme.
A.what…thatB.that…thatC.what…whatD.that…what
⑥Wasn’titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?
____.
A.Ididn’tknowhewasB.Yes,itwas
C.No,hewasn’tD.Yes,hedid
⑦What____hebroughtyouwhenhecametoseeyouyesterday?
A.isitB.isthatC.wasitD.wasitthat
⑧Ihate___whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfull.
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
⑨Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhardbut___didn’thelp.
A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
⑩Who___tookmydictionaryaway?
ItwasLily___usedityesterday.
A.even;whoB.ontheearth;whoC.ever;thatD.however;who
⑾Ididn’tfeel___possibleforthemtofinishtheworkontime,butIwaswrong.
A.thatB.thisC.itD.it’s
137、knowhimtobebrave
(1)、know认识、知道、了解、熟悉,强调“认识”。
knowabout知道……的情况。
knowabout/of表示间接地“了解、听说、知道”有关情况。
如:
IknowtheheadmasterbutIdon'tknowabouthim.
(2)、know属意识性动词,不能用进行时。
作为肯定用法的know几乎不用现在完成时,而只用一般现在时代替。
但在否定句中常用完成时表示“至今未了解”。
如:
We'veneverknownthemtodosuchastupiddeed.
(3)、know用现在时,后接宾语+tobe作宾补,to不可省,但tobe一起可省,改为被动式,tobe也可省,如:
Heisknown(tobe)agoodworker. know用现在完成时,后接宾语+不定式作宾补,to可要可不要,如:
I'veknownhim(to)runfasterthanthat.
(4)、know后不能直接跟不定式,know,tell,advise,show,teach,inquire,settle,discuss等后的不定式常由疑问副词what,who,where,how等引出。
(5)、Iknowhim(very)well(verywell表示程度,不能用verymuch修饰know)。
canknow不合乎习惯,要改为:
canlearn如:
Wecanknow(改为:
learn)allaboutAfrica.
(6)、know作“经历、见过、听过”解,只能用于过去时或完成时。
如:
Heknewbothgrievesandhappiness/Ineverknewsoyoungabodywithsowiseahead.
(7)、come/get/begintoknowsomething不能和for短语连用。
(8)、在Iknow/remember/think/suppose/expect/believe/imagine/guess等表达方式里,通常不用it。
如:
It’slate,Iknow(后不能加it).
(9)、aswe/youknow;asisknowntous常作插入语,意思是“就我信所知”,as指代所提到的事。
Whatdoyouknowabout/thinkof…?
你对……了解些什么(怎么看)?
Howdoyoulike…?
你对……有多喜欢?
(10)、Whichdoyouknow(改为:
think)isthebetterofthetwotoys?
doyouknow不能作插入语。
练习:
①I___him,butIdon’t___himwell.
A.know;knowofB.knowabout;know
C.know;knowD.knowon;knowabout
②Who’sthemansittingunderthetree?
Idon’t___thisman,butI’ve___him.
A.knowof;heardaboutB.know;heardabout
C.know;heardD.knowof;heard
③Heknowsverywell___todealwithmen,butwhenhemeetswomen,hedoesn’tknow___todo.
A.how;howB.what;whatC.how;whatD.what;how
④Couldyoupleaseintroducemetothewriter?
Sorry,Idon’t___him,either.Ijust___him.
A.know;knowofB.knowof;knowabout
C.knowof;knowD.knowabout;know
⑤Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten,Ithinkthisisprobablyhis___one.
A.better-knownB.well-known
C.best-knownD.most-known
138、Wouldyoulike/lovetodosomething?
(1)、向对方提出邀请时,常说:
Wouldyoulike/lovetodosomething?
或Ihopeyoucandosomething,对于对方的邀请,表示愿意时回答:
Thanksfor…/I’dlike/loveto/I’mgladto/I’dbeveryhappyto/Hownice等。
若不能或不愿意时常说:
I’msorry,but…/I’dloveto,but…/Sorry,Ican’t.等。
(2)、wouldlike,want后接不定式时可省,但to不省。
wouldlike,want用于从句中时(如:
when,if,what,as从句),to常省。
如:
Comewhenyouwant/Comeandstayaslongasyoulike.
(3)、Ishouldliketohaveboughtadictionary.本想买本字典,表示对过去的动作和事件的想象性,即未曾发生。
练习:
①Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone
②LittleTomshouldlove___tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
③I’dliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisSaturday,MrSmith.___.
A.Oh,no.Let’snotB.I’dratherstayathome
C.Verysorry,butIhaveotherplans
D.Oh,no.That’llbetoomuchtrouble
④AtthatmomentIgotsoangrythatI___throwingsthathisface.
A.likedB.wouldlikeC.shouldD.feltlike
⑤___downtheradioabit?
No,it’sallright.I’musedtoworkingwiththeradioon.
A.WouldyouliketoturnB.Doyoufeellikemetoturn
C.WouldyoulikemetoturnD.Wouldyoulikemeturning
⑥Haveanotherdrink?
___.
A.Yes,IlikeB.Yes,I’dlike
C.well,youpleaseD.Well,Iwouldn’tsayno
⑦Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
I’dlike___,butI’mtoobusy.
A.soB.itC./D.to
⑧Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?
___verymuch.
A.I’llliketoB.I’dliketoC.I’dlikeD.I’lllikeit
⑨___otherAmericanpresident,Lincolndidn’treceivemucheducationwhenyoung.
A.LikeB.UnlikeC.DislikeD.Liked
⑩___aleader,hewaswellthoughtofbyhispeople.
A.LikeB.UnlikeC.WithD.As
⑾___moststudents,shewasalwayswellpreparedandnevercametoclasslate.
A.LikeB.AsC.ToD.Unlike
⑿Thoughheisnotasailor,heworks___asailor.
A.asB.likeC.becauseD.in
⒀WhatisTomlike?
___.
A.VerykindB.AworkerC.AsoldierD.Workshard
⒁Helikes___football,buthedoesn’tlike___footballthisafternoon.
A.playing;toplayB.toplay;playing
C.playing;playD.toplay;toplay
139、makesomebodydosomething
(1)、make后作宾补的不定式不带to,make作“估计、认为”讲时,宾补中的tobe一般可省,但不可只省to。
如:
Imadethedistance(tobe)about40miles.
(2)、make后不能用现在分词作宾补。
如:
maketheriveroverflowing(改为:
overflow);
(3)、make意为“发出(声音)”,后不接宾补,改为现在分词作状语。
如:
Shemadealotofnoisego(going)upstairs.
(4)、make带复合宾语结构的两种情况:
makeit+形容词、名词+不定式、从句。
如:
Peoplehavemadeitpossibletolandonthemoon.能用这种结构的还有:
consider,find,suppose,think等。
makesomebody/something+过去分词、动词原形、名词、形容词。
如:
Theymadehimascrapegoat.把他当替罪羊/Noonecanmakeitdoneinsuchashorttime.
(5)、某些表示感觉、认识的动词,如:
feel,hear,know,understand等作宾语补足语时常用过去分词,宾语用反身代词。
如:
Icouldnotmakemyselfheard.
练习:
①Inordertomakehimself___,heexplainedthequestionagain.
A.understandB.understandingC.understoodD.tounderstand
②Heisreadytohelpothers.Sowe___him___monitor.
A.made;theB.elected;theC.made;/D.expected;/
③Whenshallwestart?
Let’s___it8:
30.Isthatallright?
A.setB.meetC.makeD.take
④Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving___theirproductsmorecompetitive.
A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
⑤Beforechoosingajob,youhavetorecognizewhatspecialqualitiesmakeyou___everyoneelse.
A.differentB.differentfromC.differencefromD.differ
⑥Theboyisbothdiligentandintelligent,___himthebeststudentinhisclass.
A.madeB.makingC.tomakeD.make
⑦She___itaruletogoshoppingonceaweek.
A.getsB.keepC.makesD.has
⑧I___ithardtolearnEnglishwellin3months.Whichiswrong?
A.findB.feelC.considerD.make
140、somebodymarrysomebody
(1)、Hewas(改为:
got,表示动作完成的时限;was表示动作结果的状态的持续的时限)marriedin1998;
(2)、表示某人在某时与某人结婚,要用被动式:
was/gotmarriedtosomebodyon+时间。
(3)、当marry的主语为复数时,后不能跟(to)eachother;
(4)、marry不和with连用,marry是短暂动词,同until连用,要用否定式。
(5)、marry后无宾语,常用be/getmarried,有副词修饰时,marry可作vi,如:
Hemarriedlateinlife;
(6)、不说:
Was(改为:
Is)shemarried?
(7)、getmarried与marry一样,只表示瞬间动作,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,表示结婚多长时间,必须用bemarried。
(8)、marry使用的句型:
1)、AmarriedB;2)、AgotmarriedtoB;3)、AandBgotmarried;4)、AandBare/weremarried;5)、AhasbeenmarriedtoB;6)、AandBhavebeenmarried;
练习:
①Myuncle___untilhewas45.
A.marriedB.didn’tmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry
②Howlong___?
Atleasttenyears.
A.didtheymarryB.havetheymarried
C.havetheybeenmarriedD.havetheygotmarried
③I___youfor16yearsandIstilldon’tknowwhatgoesoninyourhead.
A.havemarriedB.havegotmarriedto
C.wasmarriedtoD.havebeenmarriedto
④They___twoyearsago.
A.havebeenmarriedB.marriedwitheachother
C.gotmarriedD.hadmarried
⑤Howlong___DavidandVicky___married?
Forabout3years.
A.were;beingB.have;gotC.have;beenD.did;get
⑥She___anEnglishman.Shehas___himfortenyears.
A.marriedwith;marriedwithB.marriedto;married
C.married;beenmarriedtoD.married;married
⑦Howlong___you___?
Fortenyears.We___1996.
A.did;marry;marriedB.have;gotmarried;weremarried
C.have;beenmarried;gotmarriedD.were;married;married
⑧Janeisstill___,butshehopesto___nextyear.
A.alone;havegotmarriedB.lonely;getmarried
C.single;getmarriedD.separated;havegotmarried
⑨Howlong
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