1、英语单项知识的讲解与练习28英语单项知识的讲解与练习（28）136、it的用法 （1）、it作形式主语时,当句子的真正主语是不定式、从句时,真正主语不放在句首,这种结构常用来表示重要性(important, essential, necessary)、难易性(difficult, hard, easy)、可能性(probable, possible, impossible)、有用性(useful, of use, no use)、感情反应(interesting, lovely, amusing, worried, a pity)。含主语从句比较特殊的句型: Its said that/ It
2、s believed that/ Its thought that/ Its told that/ It happens that/ It seems that/ It appears that从句，它们只有一种形式,不能把that从句放到句首而用it形式主语。（2）、it指代句子，被指代的句子在同forget, know, remember, tell, try等动词连用时，it可省略。如：You wont forget to write, will you? No, I wont forget (it).（3）、某些动词的宾语是不定式、动名词或由that, if或whether引导的名词性
3、从句时，通常用it代替。这类动词主要是一些表示感觉或思想智力活动的动词，如：think, find, consider, feel, make, believe, expect, count等。如：I count it an honour to serve you.（4）、某些动词（如：have, like, take）后不能直接接that从句，必须用it作形式宾语。如：Rumour has it that he is going to leave town.（5）、在由动词加介词构成的短语动词后通常不接that从句作宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：You may depend on it th
4、at they will do their best to help you.(6)、在it 引导的强调句型中，强调部分无论是单数或复数，均用is 或was； 强调是时间、地点不准用where 和when， 只能用that。练习：_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It Can it be in the drawer _ you put your passport? A. where B. in which C. that D.
5、which It is _ for the students who dont work hard to be admitted to key universities. A. polite B. stupid C. foolish D. impossible It is _ the boy to play with a dog. A. naughty of B. naughty for C. wrong for D. honest for It was _ he said _ disappointed meAwhat that Bthat that Cwhat what D. that wh
6、at Wasnt it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? _. A. I didnt know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasnt D. Yes, he did What _ he brought you when he came to see you yesterday?A. is it B. is that C. was it D. was it that I hate _ when people talk with their mouth full. A. it B. that C. these D. them
7、Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard but _ didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it Who _ took my dictionary away? It was Lily _ used it yesterday. A. even; who B. on the earth; who C. ever; that D. however; whoI didnt feel _ possible for them to finish the work on time, but I was wr
8、ong.A. that B. this C. it D. its 137、know him to be brave （1）、know认识、知道、了解、熟悉,强调“认识”。know about知道的情况。 know about/ of表示间接地“了解、听说、知道”有关情况。如：I know the headmaster but I dont know about him.（2）、know属意识性动词，不能用进行时。作为肯定用法的know几乎不用现在完成时,而只用一般现在时代替。但在否定句中常用完成时表示“至今未了解”。如：Weve never known them to do such a st
9、upid deed. （3）、know用现在时,后接宾语+ to be作宾补,to不可省,但to be一起可省,改为被动式,to be也可省,如: He is known (to be) a good worker. know用现在完成时,后接宾语 + 不定式作宾补,to可要可不要,如: Ive known him (to) run faster than that. （4）、know 后不能直接跟不定式，know, tell, advise, show, teach, inquire, settle, discuss等后的不定式常由疑问副词what, who, where, how等引出。（
10、5）、I know him (very) well( very well表示程度，不能用 very much修饰know)。can know不合乎习惯，要改为：can learn如：We can know(改为：learn) all about Africa.（6）、know作“经历、见过、听过”解，只能用于过去时或完成时。如：He knew both grieves and happiness/ I never knew so young a body with so wise a head. （7）、come/ get/ begin to know something不能和for短语连用。
11、（8）、在I know/ remember/ think/ suppose/ expect/ believe/ imagine/ guess等表达方式里，通常不用it。如：Its late, I know（后不能加it）. （9）、as we/ you know; as is known to us常作插入语，意思是“就我信所知”，as指代所提到的事。What do you know about/ think of ?你对了解些什么（怎么看）？How do you like ? 你对有多喜欢？（10）、Which do you know (改为：think) is the better of
12、the two toys? do you know不能作插入语。练习：I _ him, but I dont _ him well. A. know; know of B. know about; know C. know; know D. know on; know about Whos the man sitting under the tree? I dont _ this man, but Ive _ him. A. know of; heard about B. know; heard about C. know; heard D. know of; heard He knows v
13、ery well _ to deal with men, but when he meets women, he doesnt know _ to do. A. how; how B. what; what C. how; what D. what; how Could you please introduce me to the writer? Sorry, I dont _ him, either. I just _ him. A. know; know of B. know of; know about C. know of; know D. know about; know Speak
14、ing of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known138、Would you like/ love to do something? （1）、向对方提出邀请时，常说：Would you like/ love to do something? 或I hope you can do something， 对于对方的邀请，表示愿意时回答：Thanks for / Id like/ love t
15、o/ Im glad to/ Id be very happy to/ How nice 等。若不能或不愿意时常说：Im sorry, but / Id love to, but / Sorry, I cant. 等。（2）、would like, want 后接不定式时可省，但to 不省。would like, want 用于从句中时(如：when, if, what, as从句)，to 常省。如：Come when you want/ Come and stay as long as you like. （3）、I should like to have bought a dictiona
16、ry. 本想买本字典，表示对过去的动作和事件的想象性，即未曾发生。练习：I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking Id like to invite you
17、 to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith. _. A. Oh, no. Lets not B. Id rather stay at home C. Very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. Thatll be too much troubleAt that moment I got so angry that I _ throwing sth at his face. A. liked B. would like C. should D. felt like _ down the radio a bit? No, i
18、ts all right. Im used to working with the radio on. A. Would you like to turn B. Do you feel like me to turn C. Would you like me to turn D. Would you like me turning Have another drink? _. A. Yes, I like B. Yes, Id like C. well, you please D. Well, I wouldnt say no Would you like to come to dinner
19、tonight? Id like _, but Im too busy. A. so B. it C. / D. to How about going on a picnic with us tomorrow? _ very much. A. Ill like to B. Id like to C. Id like D. Ill like it _ other American president, Lincoln didnt receive much education when young.A. Like B. Unlike C. Dislike D. Liked _ a leader,
20、he was well thought of by his people. A. Like B. Unlike C. With D. As _ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. To D. Unlike Though he is not a sailor, he works _ a sailor. A. as B. like C. because D. in What is Tom like? _. A. Very kind B. A worker
21、 C. A soldier D. Works hard He likes _ football, but he doesnt like _ football this afternoon. A. playing; to play B. to play; playing C. playing; play D. to play; to play139、make somebody do something (1)、make 后作宾补的不定式不带to， make 作“估计、认为”讲时，宾补中的to be 一般可省，但不可只省to。如： I made the distance (to be) about
22、 40 miles.(2)、make 后不能用现在分词作宾补。如：make the river overflowing (改为：overflow)；(3)、make 意为“发出(声音)”，后不接宾补，改为现在分词作状语。如：She made a lot of noise go (going) upstairs.(4)、make 带复合宾语结构的两种情况：make it + 形容词、名词 +不定式、从句。如：People have made it possible to land on the moon. 能用这种结构的还有：consider, find, suppose, think 等。ma
23、ke somebody/ something + 过去分词、动词原形、名词、形容词。如：They made him a scrape goat.把他当替罪羊 / No one can make it done in such a short time.(5)、某些表示感觉、认识的动词，如：feel, hear, know, understand等作宾语补足语时常用过去分词，宾语用反身代词。如：I could not make myself heard.练习：In order to make himself _, he explained the question again. A. under
24、stand B. understanding C. understood D. to understand He is ready to help others. So we _ him _ monitor. A. made; the B. elected; the C. made; / D. expected; / When shall we start? Lets _ it 8:30. Is that all right? A. set B. meet C. make D. take In order to gain a bigger share in the international
25、market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made Before choosing a job, you have to recognize what special qualities make you _ everyone else. A. different B. different from C. difference from D. differ The boy is bo
26、th diligent and intelligent, _ him the best student in his class. A. made B. making C. to make D. make She _ it a rule to go shopping once a week. A. gets B. keep C. makes D. has I _ it hard to learn English well in 3 months. Which is wrong? A. find B. feel C. consider D. make 140、somebody marry som
27、ebody （1）、He was (改为：got，表示动作完成的时限； was表示动作结果的状态的持续的时限) married in 1998；（2）、表示某人在某时与某人结婚，要用被动式：was/ got married to somebody on +时间。（3）、当marry 的主语为复数时，后不能跟(to) each other； （4）、marry 不和with 连用，marry 是短暂动词，同until 连用，要用否定式。（5）、marry 后无宾语，常用be/ get married， 有副词修饰时，marry 可作vi，如：He married late in life； （6
28、）、不说：Was (改为：Is) she married ? （7）、get married与marry一样，只表示瞬间动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示结婚多长时间，必须用be married。（8）、marry 使用的句型： 1)、A married B； 2)、A got married to B； 3)、A and B got married； 4)、A and B are/ were married； 5)、A has been married to B； 6)、A and B have been married；练习：My uncle _ until he was 45.A.
29、 married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry How long _? At least ten years. A. did they marry B. have they married C. have they been married D. have they got married I _ you for 16 years and I still dont know what goes on in your head. A. have married B. have got married to C. was mar
30、ried to D. have been married to They _ two years ago. A. have been married B. married with each other C. got married D. had married How long _ David and Vicky _ married? For about 3 years. A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; getShe _ an Englishman. She has _ him for ten years. A. marri
31、ed with; married with B. married to; married C. married; been married to D. married; married How long _ you _? For ten years. We _ 1996. A. did; marry; married B. have; got married; were married C. have; been married; got married D. were; married; married Jane is still _, but she hopes to _ next year. A. alone; have got married B. lonely; get married C. single; get married D. separated; have got married How long
