《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下).pptx
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《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下).pptx
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,研究生英语精读教程(第三版,下)中国人民大学出版社,UnitOne,Technologyvs.Terrorism,TextExerciseSupplementaryReading,Technologyvs.Terrorism,Toxinsniffers*,missilejammers*,dirty-bombThepost-911secudreittyecbtloitrzs*:
isaffectingmorethanpublicsafety-itschangingthecourseofscience,toxinsniffers:
毒素嗅探器missilejammers:
导弹人为干发射机dirty-bombdetectors:
放射性核弹探测器blitzn.闪电战,突袭,1Intheracetopreventfuture9/11-styleattacks-orworse-Washingtonhasmarshaled*theU.S.scienceestablishmentonascalenotseensinceSputnik*.Federalinvestmentinhomeland-defenseresearchhasswallowednearly$4billionsince2003,andthatsamereadropoftotalsecurityspending.marshalvt.arrange(esp.facts)ingoodandcorrectorder安排;列举Sputnikn.苏联发射的人造地球卫星,Moreimportantisthattheacceleratedspendinghasbroughttogether*formerlydisparate*disciplines*:
Softwareengineers,epidemiologists*andbiologistshaveteamedup*toproducetechnologiesthatprotectairandfoodagainstbioterrorism.bringtogether:
使团结,使联合,使和解disparateadj.utterlydifferentinkind本质上相异的,根本不同的disciplinen.学科epidemiologistn.流行病学家teamup:
to(causeto)worktogetherasagroup(使)结成一队;(使)合作,(使)配合,Nuclearphysicistsandbio-forensics*specialistsnowcooperatewiththebestbinrabienhsavioralsciencetodevisewaystoreducethethreatofnuclearsmuggling*andsuicidebombers.,forensicsn.法医学smugglevt.走私,2Yetsomeexpertsarguethatmuchofthebigspendingprovidesonlyanillusory*senseofsecurity.“Alotofitissecuritytheater*technologydesignedtomakeyoufeelbetter,”saysBruceSchneier,authorofBeyondFear:
ThinkingSensiblyaboutSecurityinanUWnocreldr.taHinepointstohigh-techprotectionpouredintolandmarks*,fromtheWhiteHousetolocalcityhalls.illusoryadj.deceivingandunrealbasedonafalseidea虚幻的,错觉的theatern.戏剧效果landmarkn.标志性建筑,Butthatheclaimsdivertsterroristattentionto“softer”targetslikesubwaysandstadiums.Butthegovernmentseemstohavetakenthepoint.,Ietsver-expandinghomeland-securitymeasurescovernotjustbigtargetsbutthenationsbroadervulnerabilities*aswell.Herearefiveofthehighest-riskareas,alongwithsomeofthetechnologiesemergingoverthenextfewyearstodefendthem.1.vulnerableadj.(ofaplaceorthing)weak;notwellprotected;easilyattacked(指地点或事物)有弱点的;防守不秘的;容易受攻击的-vulnerabilityn.,Air,Water,FoodSupplies3Oneofthebiggestchallengesinthisareaistodevelopsensorsthatcansniffoutattacksoneverythingfromcropsinfieldstoair-conditioningsystemsinpublicspaces.,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,inconjunctionwiththeCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheFederalBureauofInvestigation,hasdeployedanetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorsin30Americancitiesaspartofa$300-millionprogramcalledBioWatch.Thefilterscollectair-bornetoxins,whicharesenttolaboratoriesforanalysis.,4ScientistsatLawrenceLivemoreNationalLaboratoryhavepushedthisideafurtherwiththeirAutonomousPathogen*DetectionSystem,orAPDS.Inspiredbythe,1995SaringasattackintheTokyosubway.APDScanidentifychemicalsandbiotoxinswithoutrequiringresearcherstogatherdailysamplingsandwaitforreadouts.1.pathogenn.病原体,Hookedtotheventilationsystemofamall,trainstationorothergatheringplace,APDScanperform178separatesamplingsofairoveraweekwithouthumaninterventionandrelayitsfindingswirelesslytoacentrallab.ItsbeentestedinNewYorkCityandcoulddebutinotherurbanareasby2008.,Borders,infrastructure,5Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheU.S.havehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanopticalscannerthatcheckstheinformationagainstawatchlistinWashington。
D.C.The$1.5-billionU.S.-VISITbiometrics*programhasidentified1,100peopletryingtoenterthecountryunderfalsepretenses*andmorethan20,000would-beentrantswithquestionablebackgrounds.biometricsn.生物计量(统计)学pretensen.pretext借口,6Asthearchive*ofvisaapplicantsballoons*,scansofall10fingerswillprovidemorefail-safe*identifications.Systemsmayalsoemployiris*scansandvoiceprints*.,archiven.档案balloonvi.toswellorincreaserapidlyinsize激增,膨胀fail-safeadj.safefromfailure保证不会失败的;自动防止故障危害的irisn.(眼球的)虹膜voiceprintn.声纹,声印(用仪器对人的说话声所做的等高线记录,声纹因人而异,犹如指纹),Inthemeantime,at100portsandborderpaotrinutcsk,-mountedscannercalledVACIS(VehicleandCargoInspectionSystem),designedbyScienceApplicationsInternationalCorporation,givescustomsinspectorsatooltoprobetheinnards*oftrucksandcargocontainerswithoutpryingthemopen.1.innardsn.内部,VACISuseslow-energygammaraysthatpenetrateevenlead-linedboxestoproducegrainyimagesinaslittleassixseconds.Iftheoperatordetectsobjectsthatdontmatchwhatslistedonashippingmanifest*,thecontainercanbeshunted*offforinspection.,manifestn.alistofgoodscarried,esp.onaship载货清单(尤指船载)shuntvt.to(causeto)gotooneside,offcourse.(使)被搁置一侧,7Alsoindevelopmentaremicron*-sizesensors-knownas“smartdust”or“motes”thatcanbesprinkledaroundpipelines,unguardedbordersandutilityplantstomonitorintrusionsorthereleaseofbiologicalaerosols*,chemicalsorradiation.,micronn.微米aerosoln.浮尘,Buildingonadvancesinsensortelemetry*,thesebattery-poweredcomputersformanetworkofelectroniceyes,earsandnosesthatcancommunicatewithoneanotheralongalow-bandwidthfrequencyandbeam*readingstoacentralserver.Expertssaythat,dependingonfunding,motes*couldbereadyfornationwidedeploymentby2010.telemetryn.遥测技术beamvt.tosendoutinacertaindirection向某一方向播发送射,moten.averysmallpieceorgrain(esp.ofdust)微粒,尘埃,Transportation,Subways,buses,trainsandplanesandthehubsthatservicethemarevulnerabletothreatsrangingfromaerosol-bornepathogensand“bodmirbty”radiationtotruckbombers.TechnologyoutoftheCaliforniabranchofSandiaNationalLaboratoriesconnectssensorswirelesslyorthroughfiberopticstoashoebox-sizedevicecalledallIntelligentSensingModule*,orISM.modulen.astandardself-containedunit模块,微型组件,AnetworkofISMsatafacilitylinkedtoacommandpostelsewherecanofferfacilitymanagersorsecurityagenciesearlywarningoafthreatintimetotakeaction。
Thesystemhasbeeninuseat30facilities,includingsportsarenas,subwaysandairports.since2004.Asdetectionsystemsimprove,futureversionscouldbeinstalledatnuclearandchemicalplantsandkeytransitcenters.,9Toheadoffwould-bebombers,so-calledpuffingmachines,nowondutyat26airports,cantellwhetheryouvebeensuspiciouslynearexplosivesinthepastweek.Resemblingasleekouthouse,the$150,000walk-throughmachinesendsaquickblastofairoveryourclothingtodislodgetraceexplosiveparticles.Itthencollectstheairandsendsittoadetectorthatcanidentifyeighttypesofnitrate-basedexplosivesallinseconds.1.sleekadj.highlyfashionableorstylish;luxurious,elegant时髦,造型优美;豪华,“WecanfindtheequivalentofamilligramofaspirininanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool,”saysKevinLinker,aseniorengineeratSandiaLabsinNewMexico.An11-poundversionknownas“micro-hound”isalreadyindevelopment.Andtoheadoffsuicidebombers,researchershaveworkedupaprototypeofadevicetodetectexplosivestracesfromadistanceof30feetaway.,Publicspaces10Althoughofficebuildingsandpublicareasnowroutinelyemployvideosurveillanceandcrashbarriers,localbuildingcodesandthehighcostofrefittingsiteshaveslowedprogressinterror-proofing.“Ifyoudesignedeverybuildingagainstthethreatofanattack,wecouldntaffordtobuildanymore.”concedesformercongressmanRichardSwett,amemberofthepanelselectingthedesignteamtorebuildtheWorldTradeCenter.,Still,buildingtechnologytodayalreadyseemslight-yearsbeyondpre-911days.Plansfortrheebuilttowers,Swettnotes,includeblast-proofwindowsandbuildingmaterials,sensorsryasdtieomresp,eaterstoensurethatrescueworkersontheupperfloorscancommunicatewithcolleaguesontheground,and“smartstyhsatteamllso”wabuildingtoautomaticallyisolatecontaminatedareas.,11Asfortherescuecrewsthatmustenteradisastersite,theywillmostlikelybeoutfittedwithhigh-techprotectivegear*includingtheLifeShirt.thevest-liketopmonitors30physiologicalsigns,usesGPStechnologytotrackrescuersmovements,andstreamsallthatreal-timedatatoacommandcenterwheredozensoffirstresponderscanbetrackedsimultaneously.1.gridn.(高压输电线路的)网,TheInternet,12Acyber-attackonthecountrysfinancialnetworksorpowerandtelecommunicationsgrids*couldmakeothermeansofprotectingourphysicalassets*mInoroets*p.onse,computerscientistsatPacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinRichland,Washington,havedevelopedaprogramcalledMozarttodetectwould-bespiesandintruderso1n.gwriedbns.(ite高s压.输电线路的)网assetn.anypropertyownedbyapersonor产co,mp财a产ny资mootadj.sohypotheticalastobemeaningless无实际意义的,Thesoftware,nowusedbytheDepartmentofEnergy,employssearchtoolsthatdrillintowebsitestodiscoverandcatalogue*sensitiveinformationthatcouldcompromisenationalsecurity.Developersdescribeitasa“Google-esque”toolandpredictthatitwillbeavailabletothemilitaryandothergovernmentagenciesbyyearsend.1.cataloguevt.toenteraniteminacatalogue(alistofevents,qualitiesandthingsconsideredasagroup)登记,编目,按目录分类,Nextontheagenda:
whatscalledIntrinsically*SecureComputingbasically,amasterplantohelpcomputers“understandwhentheyreunderattackandtakemeasurestoprotectthemselves”,explainsBryanMcMillan,PNNLstechnicalmanagerforcyber-security.Broaddeploymentoftheplanisstillatleast10yearsaway.1.intrinsicadj.situatedwithinorparticulartoapart内部固的有,的,13Suchover-the-horizonconceptsandthebillionsspentonthemwillneveramountto100percentprotection.“Thebiggestperformancegainsintechnologyresultfr
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