英汉饮食文化对比.docx
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英汉饮食文化对比.docx
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英汉饮食文化对比
Abstract
Foodcultureistheindispensablepartofallcountries’culture.Foodisanessentialconditionforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofmankind.Itisoneofthebasicformsofsociallife.However,underthedifferentculturalbackgrounds,differentcountrieshavedifferentdietaryideasandcustoms.ChineseandEnglishdietculturesalsohavetheirowncharacteristics.Thereareobviousdifferencesindifferentculturalcontexts,suchasconcepts,staples,dishes,drinking,mannersandtablewareandsoon.ThispaperismainlytalkingaboutthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodcultures.
Thisthesisconsistsofthreechapters.ThefirstchapterpresentsthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodconceptsandthereasonswhytheyexist.TheyareinfluencedbythedifferentculturesofEnglishandChinese;thesecondchapteranalyzesdifferentfoodobjectsinEnglishandChinese,includingstaples,dishesanddrinking,whichhavetheirowncharacteristics;thelastchapterexploresthedifferencesofmannersandtablewarebetweenEnglishandChinesefood.ByanalyzingthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodcultures,thepeoplecancomprehendtheEnglishandChinesetraditionalfoodculturesbetterandpromotetheculturalcommunicationbetweenthewestcountriesandChina.
Keywords:
foodculturesfoodconceptsfoodobjectseatinghabits
摘要
饮食文化是各国文化中不可缺少的一部分。
食物是人类生存和发展的必备条件,也是社会生活的一个方面。
然而,在不同文化背景的影响下,不同的国家有不同的饮食文化和习俗。
在饮食观念、饮食主体、菜肴、饮品、餐桌礼仪和餐具等方面,不同点是显而易见的。
本文主要研究中英饮食文化的不同之处。
本文包括三章。
第一章主要研究英汉饮食观念的不同及其原因,主要是由于英汉文化的不同造成的。
第二章主要分析英汉各具特色的饮食对象,包括主食、菜肴、饮品。
最后一章主要探讨英汉餐桌礼仪和餐具的不同。
通过对英汉饮食文化不同的分析,人们可以对英汉传统食物有更好的了解,从而更好地促进中西文化交流。
关键词:
饮食文化;饮食观念;饮食对象;饮食习惯
Contents
Acknowledgementi
Abstractii
Abstract(Chinese)iii
Introduction1
ChapterOneDifferentConceptsbetweenEnglishandChineseFood3
1.1EnglishFoodConcept3
1.2ChineseFoodConcept4
ChapterTwoDifferentObjectsbetweenEnglishandChineseFood5
2.1DifferencesofStaples5
2.2DifferencesofDishes7
2.3DifferencesofDrinking8
ChapterThreeDifferentEatingHabitsbetweenEnglishandChineseFood10
3.1DifferencesofManners10
3.2DifferencesofTableware12
Conclusion14
Notes15
Bibliography16
Introduction
Cross-culturalcommunicationplaysanincreasingimportantroleinthemodernworld.Thefoodcultureistheessentialpartofthecross-culturalcommunication.Withthedeeperdevelopmentofcross-culturalcommunication,thecommunicationofthepeoplewhocomefromdifferentcountriesorareindifferentculturalbackgroundsisincreasingallthetime.Iftheforeignlanguagelearnersarelackofknowledgeofthetargetlanguageculture,itwillresultinthecommunicationbarriersandbringtroublesincross-culturalcommunication.Foodcultureisanessentialpartoftheinterculturalcommunication,solearningfoodculturewellcanhelppeoplelearnthetargetlanguagebetter.Therefore,inordertohelpthereadersandforeignlanguagelearnersknowthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodculturesbetteranddeveloptheirabilitytostrideacrossthebarriersofinternationalculturalcommunicationoravoidthemisunderstandingincommunication,thispaperwillmakeastudyofdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodculturesinvariousaspects.
Therearesomepapersandmonographsthattalkaboutfoodculture.MarvinHarris,inhispopularsciencebook,GoodtoEat:
theMysteryofFoodandCulture,talksaboutdifferenthobbiesofdifferentcountriesanddifferentethnicgroupsallovertheworld.Theauthorusesthevividwritingstyle,andpaysattentiontotheevolutionofthehumandietcultureanddifferentiation.Andhealsopointsoutthefoodcultureisanindispensablepartofhumanbeings’culture.Foodculturecanbedividedintotwosenses.Inthebroadsense,foodcultureisconsideredthathassomethingincommonwiththecookingculture,whichisincludedintothelatter.Inthenarrowsense,foodculturereferstothetotalmaterialandspiritualtreasurewhichiscreatedandhandeddowninthelonghistoryofhumanbeings,includingwhathumaneating,howtoeatandwhytoeatetc.
Everycountryhasitsownfoodculturecharacters,asYangNaijiintroducestheEnglishfoodcultureinhispaperRandomTalkofEnglishandChineseDietaryCultures.InBritain,theUnitedStatesandotherwesterncountries,eatingisonlytreatedasanecessarymeanstosurviveandcommunicate.AccordingtotheAmericanpsychologistMarlow,dietisdividedonthefirstfloor,namelyasthelowestdemandofhumanbeings.Inthewesterncountries,foodjustplaysaroleofsustaininglife.Concernedwithcommunication,thepurposesofthiskindoffetearevarious,suchastosaythankstotheserver,tocelebratethedeal,andtowinthetrustoftheoldandnewcustomers.Itisnotdifficulttoseethatthougheatingisessential,thewesterncountriesonlystayinthesimplecommunicationlevelfromculturalsense,notlikeChinesefoodwhichisgivenmoreimportantmissions.
ItiswellknownthatChinesefoodhasacceptedapopularfameintheworld.NormanAndersonoffersthereadersthewide-rangingfoodinhisfascinatinghistoricalandraciallearningworks,ChineseFood.TheauthorshowshowthefoodoccupiesthecenterpositionofChinesepoliciesandreligiousritualsfromancienttimetothecontemporaryChina.HedescribesthediversityofChinesefoodcultureinacharmingandthought-provokingway.TheChinesepeoplefindeverythingthattheycaneatandmanagetomakethefoodperfect.Sometimes,Chinesepeoplecouldfabricatevariouspretextstotreatthemselvesandothers.TheChinesefoodnotonlysupportstheChinesepeople,butalsoenrichesthesociallifeandcontributestotheproductionofthefoodallovertheworld.
Andinaddition,inthepaperNationalTraditionofChineseDietaryCulture,YuShiqianpaysmuchattentiontothenationaltraditionofChinesedietaryculture,whichhasahistoryofthousandsyears.Chinesedietaryculture,whichisinaleadingpositionintheworld,hasitsdistinctcharacter.ThispaperdiscussesandsummariestheimportantnationaltraditionofChinesedietaryculturefromsuchaspectsasmealpreparation,dieteticconventions,dieteticsystems,pursuitofthedelicaciesandteadrinking.TheauthorpointsoutthatChinesedisheshavedifferentflavorsindifferentplaces.TherearesomeconditionsprovidingconvenienceforthediversificationofChinesefoodstyle,suchasvastterritory,numerouspeoples,differentnationalclimatesandvariousgeographicalconditionsandsoon.Andalso,mostofChinesecookingskillsarethemeasuresandmeansofpursuingthedeliciousfoodandrealizingthepurposeofdoingbestforthetaste.
ThewayofthoughtbetweenEnglishandChinesepeopleisdifferent,whichinfluencesthefoodcultureandeventhenamesofdishes.OnthestudyofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncookerycultures,HuangHaixiangsaysinhispaper,TalkingabouttheTranslationofChineseMenu,ThetraditionalEnglishcultureisakindofanimalhusbandryandoceanicculture.However,Chinesecultureisakindoffarmandlandculture.Thetwodifferentculturesreflectdifferentwaysofproductionsandmannersoflife.Thedietisoneoftherepresentativeaspects,forexample,thewordsusedinthenamesofChineseandEnglishmenus.Chinesefoodpaysattentionto“be”,whileEnglishfoodattachesimportanceto“eat”.ThenamesofChinesefoodareusuallyexquisite,implicitandauspicious.Theyalmostlaystressontheexpressions,thefunctionsofassociationandimpliedmeanings,andmanifoldfiguresofspeech.Onthecontrary,thenamesofEnglishdishesarestraightandtheyhighlighttherawmaterials.Englishpeoplerarelyusethefiguresofspeech.
Thedifferencesofdifferentcountriesnotonlyexistinwhattheyeat,butalsohowtoeat.JustasChenJiepointsoutinhisworksTheEtiquetteofWestern-StyleDinner,tablemannersaretherulesofwhenyouareeating.Differentculturesobservedifferentrulesfortablemanners.OneofthemaindifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterneatinghabitsisthateveryonehashisownplateoffoodinthewest,allthefoodisdisplayedonthetable,andpeoplecanchoosewhattheyliketoeat.Thismethodshowsawesternpersonalityandself-respect.However,inChina,thedishesareplacedonthetableandeverybodyshares.Thepeopleusuallysittogetheranduseroundtable,whichcreatesacomityatmosphere.
Basedonthestudyoftheprovidedreports,essaysandjournals,nationalorinternational,thispaperaimstoanalyzethedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodculturesfromthreeaspects:
theconcepts,theobjects,andtheeatinghabits.AndthisanalysiswillprovideaneffectivewaytothereaderstoknowEnglishandChinesefoodculturesbetter.
ChapterOneDifferentConceptsbetweenEnglishandChineseFood
DifferentnaturalenvironmentsandproductshaveformedthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefoodcultures.Dietconceptisoneofthedifferences,whichismainlyinfluencedbythedifferentwaysofthinkingandthethoughtofphilosophyofBritishandChinesepeople.KnowingthedifferentdietconceptscanhelppeoplelearnthedifferencesofEnglishandChinesefoodbetter.ThischaptermainlyanalyzesthedifferencesofconceptsbetweenEnglishandChineseFood.
1.1EnglishFoodConcept
Englandisarepresentativeinthewesterncountries,whoseculturehasalonghistory.Inthemiddleages,theEuropeanculturewasveryperfect.Duringthattime,theoldEnglishfoodculturehasformed.ThemainfeatureofEnglishfoodcultureisthatmostfoodisrelatedtothenutritionratherthanthetaste.Themethodoftheproductionisusuallysimple.
Englishfoodculturetends
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