虚拟语气的教学设计.docx
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虚拟语气的教学设计.docx
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虚拟语气的教学设计
TeachingDesignoftheSubjunctiveMood
[Teachingaims]
1.Letthestudentsgraspthesubjunctivemoodandtherulesofit.
2.Enablethestudentstofinishtheexercisescorrectlyafterleaningit.
[Emotionalaims]
1.Arousethestudents’interestinlearningthisgrammar.
2.Makethemrealizetheimportanceoflearningthesubjunctivemood.
[Teachingkeypoints&importantpoints]
1.Getthestudentstolearntousethesubjunctiveanditsrules.
2.Howtoletthestudentsfinishallkindsofexercisescorrectlyafterit.
[Teachingmethods]Task-basedteaching,individualandcooperative
learningandpractice.
[Teachingaids]Amultiple-mediacomputer
[Teachingprocedures]
StepILeading-in
LetthestudentsappreciateseveralsentencesaboutthesubjunctivemoodinChinese.
1.如果我有一千万,我就能买一栋房子
我有一千万吗?
没有。
所以我仍然没有房子。
2.如果我有翅膀,我就能飞。
我有翅膀吗?
没有。
所以我也没办法飞。
3.如果把整个太平洋的水倒出,
也浇不息我对你爱情的火
整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗?
不行。
所以我并不爱你。
StepIIThedefinitionandrulesofthesubjunctivemood.
语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度,是一种动词形式。
英语中的语气有三种:
1陈述语气(theIndicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一个想法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
Hewasfamousforhistheory.
2祈使语气(theImperativeMood)用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Don’tbeworry.
3虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood)
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。
一.虚拟语气在条件从句中
1、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反的条件。
分三种情况(以do为例):
时间If从句主句
现在were/didwound/should/might/coulddo
将来were/did
shoulddowound/should/might/coulddo
weretodo
过去haddonewound/should/might/couldhavedone
1、与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时主句用过去将来时。
2、与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时主句用过去将来完成时。
3、与将来事实相反从句用过去时或将来时主句用过去将来时。
eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.
eg.IfIhadmethimyesterday,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
eg.Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.
1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
2.--Ifhe__,he__thatfood.
--Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET93)
A.waswarned,wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned,hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken
3.IfI_____inthetwenty-secondcentury,I_____myvacationinaverydifferentway.
A.shouldlive;wouldspendB.willlive;shouldspend
C.areliving;shouldhavespentD.willbeliving;wouldhavespent
4.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
II:
二.省略if的条件从句
当从句中有were,had或should时,可省略if,而把它们放在句首。
IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.
WereItomeethimtomorrow,…
Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.
Shouldhefailintheexperiment…
IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.
HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain..
1.___sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.
A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.Is
2.__Ihadtime,Iwouldhavegoneovertoseeher.
A.DidB.WereC.HadD.If
3.---Thetaxionlytooktenminutestogettothehospital.
---__youwerecomingtoday,I’dhavemetyouattherailwaystation.
A.HaveIknownB.Ihaveknown
C.HadIknownD.Ihadknown
III.介词without引导的短语代替if引导的条件从句.有时if引导的虚拟条件从句,可用介词without引导的短语来代替
1.Iftherewerenowater,fishcouldnotlive.
Withoutwater,fishcouldnotlive.
2.Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.
Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.
3.IfthePartydidn’tleadus,wecouldnotrealize..
WithouttheParty’sleadership,wecouldnotrealize...
IV.错综时间的条件句
1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。
主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定.
1.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethi
如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry______soserious.
A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeen
C.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen
二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中
1、记住:
这些动词后面接的宾语从句:
表示坚持(insist)命令(order,command)建议(suggest,advise,propose),要求(demand,request,require,desire),等。
2、宾语从句中的动词用should+do构成,should可以省略。
3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况:
1)现在:
用过去式
2)过去:
用过去完成式(haddone)
3)将来:
用情态动词(would/could)+do
[例句]1.我希望她能站在我一边。
Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.
2.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
IwishIwere30yearsyounger.
3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。
Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.
4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。
Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.
5.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.
记住:
suggest/insist各有两种意思,要用不同的语气
(1)当suggest当“建议”讲时,其后的宾语从句(should)+do这种形式,否则用正常的动词形式,这时suggest的意思是“暗示”;
1)Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.
2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.
(2)insist:
译作“坚持要求”,从句用虚拟should+V;当“坚持认为,坚持说”则不虚拟,该用什么时态用什么时态。
•Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.
•Heinsistedthathewasright
4.在wouldrather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中
wouldratherthat现在:
过去时
过去:
过去完成
未来过去时
Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.
Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.
Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural,surprising)that....”中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
should+动词原形,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
1.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.
我们有必要出去散散步。
2.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.
她这样做是很自然的。
3.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
注意:
有些过去分词可以当形容词使用,在主语从句中要用虚拟语气,Itisadvised/commanded/demanded/ordered/required/suggestedthatwe/you/he/she(should)+动词原形
Itwasrequiredthateachstudentshouldbringenoughfoodonthetrip.
1.Itisstrangethatshe____marrysuchanuglyman.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall
2.It’sagreatpitythatyou____so.
A.thinkB.thoughtC.willthinkD.isthought
三.虚拟语气在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词,表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.
Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.
四.虚拟语气在同位语从句中
同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
•Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
•Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)beontime.
五.虚拟语气在asif从句中
在asif从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).
1、asif连接表语从句
Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.
Helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.
2、asif连接让步状语从句
Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.
Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.
六.虚拟语气的几个特例
1.ifonly意为:
若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!
Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了!
Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!
IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!
2.It’s(high)timethat…
that从句要用虚拟语气:
谓语用过去时或should+do
It’stimethatyoulefthere.
你该走了。
It’shightimethatyouwent.
It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.
3.一些短语,如:
butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnotmakesuchrapidprogress.
Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifferent.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
4.有时虚拟语气是通过上下文的语义表示出来的:
Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewasverybusy.
(Ifhehadnotbeensobusy…)
Hewasseriouslyill,otherwisehewouldhavecometoourmeeting.
(otherwise=Ifhehadnotbeenseriouslyill)
七.高考题
1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.
A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed
C.wouldmissD.missed
2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.
A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet
3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!
(ButIdidn’t.)
A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten
4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.
A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell
5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.
A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone
6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.
A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget
7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been
8.I___yousomemoney,butIhadn’tgotanythen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelent
C.couldlendD.mayhavelent
9.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?
--No,butIwishI___.
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
10.Idon’tthinkitishightimethatyou__.
A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo
VII:
Homework
1.Getmoreinformationofthesubjuctivemood
2.Prepareforthenextclass.
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