最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析
最新高一英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
83-year-oldAntonioVicentehasspentthelastfourdecadesofhislifefightingagainstthetrend.AsBrazilianlandownerscutdownrainforeststomakeroomforprofitableplantations(种植园)andcattlegrounds,hestruggledtobringthejunglesofhischildhoodbacktolife.
"WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,"hetoldthereporters,"Ithought:
'Waterisvaluable,noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?
Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'"
Withonlysomedonkeysandasmallteamofhiredworkers,AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife,andAntoniorecallsoftenspendingwholedaysandnightsinhisyoungjungle,surroundedbyratsandfoxes,andeatingbananasandwichesforbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.
Astheforestgrew,thewaterreturned,andAntoniosaysthattherearenowover20water,sourcesonhislandthatwerenolongertherewhenheboughtit.Thentheanimalsstartedmakingahomethere.Today,theforestisalivewiththesoundsofbirdsandinsectslivingthere,andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear.
"Therearetoucans(巨嘴鸟),allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,"83-year-oldVicentesays,"Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed."
(1)WhatdowelearnabouttheBrazilianpeasants?
A. Theywastedmuchwateronfarming. B. Theyfocusedonshort-termprofits.
C. Theycaredmuchabouttheenvironment.
D. Theyreliedheavilyonrainforestsforaliving.
(2)WhatusedtobeyoungAntonio'sbiggestconcern?
A. Overpopulation.
B. Pollutedwater.
C. Lossofgrasslands.
D. Watershortage.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"haven"inParagraph3probablymean?
A. Trap B. Disaster C. Shelter D. Balance
(4)Inthelastparagraph,Antoniomainlyexpresseshis .
A. affectionforhisforest
B. thanksforhisfamily
C. deeploveforrarebirds
D. prideasasuccessfulfarmer
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,83岁的安东尼奥•比森特在他生命的最后40年里一直在与这种趋势作斗争,他努力使童年的丛林恢复生机。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,”---Whatisgoingtohappen?
Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife”,可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。
故选D。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.”在最近40年,他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树,目前虽小但独特的热带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。
由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Therearetoucans(巨嘴鸟),allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,”83-year-oldVicentesays.“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?
Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:
HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?
Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?
Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.
Onegreatirony(讽刺)aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:
Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!
"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."
Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陈词滥调的)advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:
Believeyouaresomeoneelse.
Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.
Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.
Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:
Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.
Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.
(1)What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?
A. Toleadinthetopic.
B. Tomakeacomparison.
C. Tostateanopinion.
D. Toaskafavor.
(2)ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves
A. creativityisanindividualcharacteristic
B. librariansaremorecreativethanpoets
C. ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity
D. yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself
(3)AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause .
A. itisanactofunconsciousfocus
B. certainbrainareasbegintoacttogether
C. peopleareinastateoflaziness D. allactorsemploythistechnique
(4)Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto .
A. focusonaspecifictask B. believeinyourowntalent
C. pretendtobesomeoneelse
D. turntoberight-brained
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了如何让自己更有创造力,给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演:
遇见更有创造力的自己。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?
并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师,比尔盖茨,带水肺的潜水员,一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题;再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。
这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题,故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征,而是"环境和视角的产物"。
每个人都可以有创造力,只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。
也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知据皮莱博士说,心理万圣节之所以有效,是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为,当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时,大脑中一系列区域就起作用。
这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作,故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陈词滥调的)advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:
Believeyouaresomeoneelse.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中,或者是一个全新的身份,你会感到从未有过的高效,你让自己更有创造力。
由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话,要想象自己有一个全新的身份,也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
EveryyearinAmerica,high-schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone'smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.Traditionally,theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension.
ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay,hand-writtenonthespot.That'saninterestingwaytotestwritingability,butcontentaside,haveyoueverseenyoungpeople'shandwritinglately?
Oranyone'sforthatmatter,inthisage
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