英语高三英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析
【英语】高三英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Regardlessofhowfarwe'dliketobelievegender(性别)equalityintheworkplacehascome,there'sstillayawninggapbetweenmaleandfemaleleadersintheprofessionalworld.A2018statisticshowsthatwomennowadaysholdjust5.8percentofCEOspositionsatS&P500companies,accordingtoCatalyst.
Whileit'snotahugeshockthatwomenaresomewhatunderrepresentedinleadershippositions,whatissurprisingthough,isthefactthatfemalesmayactuallybebettersuitedtoleadinalmosteveryarea,atleastaccordingtonewfindingsfromtheBINorwegianBusinessSchool.
Intheirresearch,ProfessoryvindL.MartinsenandProfessorLarsGlassurveyed(调查)2,900managerswithaspecialfocusonpersonalitytypes.Theresultswereclear:
Womenscoredhigherthanmeninfourofthefivemajorleadership-centriccategories.
Whilesomepeoplebelievethatmeninherentlymakebetterleaders—probablybecausetheypicturealeaderwithacommandingvoice,whichismoretypicalofmenthanwomen—thispieceofresearchsuggeststhatwomenarebetteratmethodicalmanagementandgoal-setting,openness,sociabilityandsupportiveness,aswellasabilitytocommunicateclearly.
Therewasoneareainwhichmenscoredhigherthanwomen,though,andthatwasonemotionalstabilityandabilitytofacejob-relatedpressureandstress.Theresultssuggestthatwomenaremoresensitivetotheeffectsofhigh-pressureorhighlyemotionalsituations.
Obviously,it'simportanttoconsiderindividual(个人的)differences.Anyone,regardlessofgender,maybeaninspiringleaderandacompetentboss.Butnexttimeyou'rehiringforamanagementposition,youjustmightwanttogivetheresumes(简历)fromfemalecandidatesaharderlook.
(1)Whatmakesusshockedmuchatleadershippositions?
A. Womenareworsethanmen.
B. Mentakealmostallhighpositions.
C. Thereisahugegapbetweengenders.
D. Womenmightbehavebetterineveryfield.
(2)Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword''inherently”inparagraph4?
A. properly B. potentially C. naturally D. normally
(3)Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthistext?
A. HowWeCanFigureOutTheBoss.
B. WhyWomenAreBetterThanMen.
C. WhyWomenMakeTheBestBosses.
D. HowWeCanTellGenderDifference.
(4)Whomighthavespecialinterestinthisarticle?
A. Jobhunters. B. Employers. C. Employees. D. Malebosses.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,在工作领域男性领导人和女性领导人地位存在不平等现象,作者指出在领导位置上,女性可能在各个领域表现更好,倡议雇主在招聘领导岗位员工时应多考虑女性。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“whatissurprisingthough,isthefactthatfemalesmayactuallybebettersuitedtoleadinalmosteveryarea,atleastaccordingtonewfindingsfromtheBINorwegianBusinessSchool.”可知让人惊讶的是,在领导位置上,女性可能在各个领域表现更好。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Whilesomepeoplebelievethatmeninherentlymakebetterleaders—probablybecausetheypicturealeaderwithacommandingvoice,whichismoretypicalofmenthanwomen”可知人们认为男性自然能成为更好的领导者,划线词是自然地。
故选C。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的“thispieceofresearchsuggeststhatwomenarebetteratmethodicalmanagementandgoal-setting,openness,sociabilityandsupportiveness,aswellasabilitytocommunicateclearly.”可知本文强调了女性在管理层的地位,因此“为什么女性是最好的老板”符合题意。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butnexttimeyou'rehiringforamanagementposition,youjustmightwanttogivetheresumes(简历)fromfemalecandidatesaharderlook.”下次你雇佣管理岗位员工时,得知雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:
Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?
Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?
Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.
Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?
Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.
Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.
Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.
Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.
(1)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.
A. peoplehaveunlimitedself-control
B. highmotivationensuresone'ssuccess
C. willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted
D. toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.
A. makeuseof
B. runoutof
C. build
D. increase
(3)Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.
A. toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower
B. toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise
C. toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup
D. toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control
(4)Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?
A. "Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."
B. "Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."
C. "IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."
D. "Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点,作者认为有了明确的目标,良好的自我监督和练习,就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知,研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽,他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。
所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。
故选C。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知,正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备,即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽,我们仍然可以继续前进。
所以通过上下文的语境,判断出"tapinto"指利用,与makeuseof同义。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知,虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪,但长期而言,它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。
同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。
两者相比是为了说明同一个道理:
长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。
所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知,作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。
一旦养成好习惯,你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。
最终健康的习惯将成为惯例,而且不需要做任何决定。
所以C项"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先设立目标,然后成为好习惯,作者更喜欢这种目标。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Oneofmyfirstmemoriesasachildinthe1950swasadiscussionIhadwithmybrotherinourtinybedroominthefamilyhouseinBethlehem,Pennsylvania.
WehadheardinschoolaboutaplanetcalledPluto.Itwasthefarthest,coldest,anddarkestthingachildcouldimagine.Weguessedhowlongitwouldtaketodieifwestoodonthesurfaceofsuchafrozenplacewearingonlytheclotheswehadon.WetriedtofigureouthowmuchcolderPlutowasthanAntarctica,orthanthecoldestdaywehadeverexperiencedinPennsylvania.
Pluto,whichfamouslywasdowngradedfroma“majorplanet”toa“dwarfplanet”(矮星)in2006,capturedourimaginationbecauseitwasamysterythatcouldcompleteourpictureofwhatitwaslikeatthemostremotecornersofoursolarsystem.
Pluto'sunderdogdiscoverystoryispartofwhatmakesitsoattractive.ClydeTombaughwasaKansasfarmboywhobuilttelescopesoutofspareautoparts,oldfarmequipmentandself-groundlenses.AsanassistantatLowellObservatoryinFlagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh'staskwastosearchmillionsofstarsforamovingpointoflight,aplanetthattheobservatory'sfounderthoughtexistedbeyondtheorbitofNeptune.OnFebruary18,1930,Tombaughfoundit.PlutowasthefirstplanetdiscoveredbyanAmerican,andrepresentedamomentoflightinthemidstoft
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