词汇板书.docx
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词汇板书.docx
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词汇板书
2012医学考博词汇讲义
词汇的考察是考试中的一个重要部分,且词汇量的掌握程度也会直接影响阅读、协作等其他几部分的分数。
词汇量的提高不是一朝一夕就能做到的,要全面、系统地掌握考试词汇,还应在日常的学习和复习中多下功夫。
词汇部分的复习关键在于要抓住词汇的真正涵义,也就是词汇在是一个什么样的概念和意思。
这是非常重要的。
这就要求在平常的学习中多使用英语解释英语单词意义的词典,而尽量避免查阅一般的仅提供汉语意思的英汉词典。
词汇考查的方式可以说是非常灵活的,这样就要求在复习过程中应该从基本功入手来增加自己的词汇量,培养自己的语感,增加对所学过的单词的理解,从而在各种考查方式面前能够应付自如。
词汇的考试可以说有各种各样的方式,对词汇题目要根据具体题目的特点,然后确定适当的解答方法。
考试中词语的用法试题主要是测试动词、名词、形容词和副词等词的词义辨析、一词多义、习惯搭配、固定短语、同义、近义词以及词形相似但词义各异的词的辨析。
对于词语用法题,考生应重点考虑四个选择项的词义和用法,先异懂题句意思,再作选择。
如果是选择,那么可采用除法,先排除最明显的错误项,再作分析判断,注意一词多义,近形词和习惯搭配。
还可根据选择项中的生词确定概率来进行选择。
I.构词法
.英语新词的构成方法主要有三种:
派生法,合成法,转换法
1.派生法:
词根+词缀
1)后缀多数后缀改变词性
Carecareful-ful=fullofsth…
Naturenaturaladj.
A.构成名词的后缀:
a.-er,-or,ist,-ee,-ian-ese,-ant,-ent等用于构成表示人或物的名词。
voter
Ielectthemonitorwevoteourmonitor.
Competev.competition..competitiveadj.
Competentadj.
terroristsocialist-ismterrorism
immigrantassistantadj.
e.g.:
thinker,elector,competitor,dentist,pharmacist,vegetarian,physician,employee,nominee,participant,assistant,patient,president….
-ant
b.-ance,-ancy,-ence,-ency,-(a)tion,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ty,-th,-al,-ure,-ship等用于构成性质,行为,状态等抽象名词
sthisinexistence
-de-sionexplodeexplosion
Fishingforestingminingstable
-able-ible-ability-ibility
e.g.:
acceptance,pregnancy,existence,excretion,complication,invasion,anaesthetic,farming,stability,tranquility,re.in.force.ment,correctness,weakness,refinement,strength,length,approval,survival,pressure,scholarship….Motion
relationof…relationshipwedoarelationship.
culturecultural
carelesshelpfulhelplessmeaningfulmeaningless
B.构成形容词的后缀
-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-y,-ant,-ent,ary,-en
Sth.Beavailable=therebeS有。
。
。
。
Sb.beavailable某人有时间
Anewmethodisavailable,whichenablesthetesttobedoneinthetube.
Childlikechildishselfishnervousexisted
e.g.:
available,tangible,terminalcancer,conventional,stressful,childish,collective,explosive,vigorous,European,statistic,likely,guilty,opponent=competitior,arrogant,satisfactory,golden….Bodilyevents
satisfyv.A~B
sb.besatisfiedwithsth.Sthissatisfying
satisfactory,satisfactorydegree
AbesatisfactorywithB
e.g.:
hiswisdomissa.tis.fac.torywithhisage.
Satisfactionn.
AopposeBAbeopposedtoB
A____toB
Objectoppose
D.-ly,-ward,-wise等构成副词的后缀
terribly,homeward,eastward,forward,otherwise….
C.构成动词的后缀
-ise/ize,-en,-ify-ification
e.g.:
modernize,regularize,weaken,strengthen,
strongstrength~ed
longlengthlengthen
shortshortenthelife
verify,simplify,classify….Aclassof….
Verificationsimplificationclassification
-less
Regulatetheheatingregulation
regularizeyourinternalclock.
2)前缀多数前缀改变词义
A.表示相反意义的前缀
un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-等discover
e.g.:
unscientific,unsteadiness,unload,disregard,discredit,inseparable,impatient,irrational,illogical….Imbalancedisordern.
B.表示其他意思的前缀
re-(重新),mis-(错误的),anti-(反,抗),pre-(预先),post-(后的),fore-(先的),self-(自我的),auto-(自动的),super-(超级,上层),sub-(下面的),inter-(之间的,相互),trans-(跨越,移),ultra-(外,极),semi-(半),uni-(单),bi-(双),multi-(多)….Uncover
refreshingsbisrefreshed
complication
givemethumbsupthumbsdown
e.g.:
renew,recover,refresh,mismatch,misfortune,antibiotics,anti.oxidantoxygen,premature,preteenteenage13-19,postindustrial,postpone,forestomach,selfhoodchildhoodself-esteem,automotiveindustryautomaticmotionautomobile,superabundant,submergeintosb.emergefromdifficulties,subtract,interface,intercourse,transfer,transformer,transplant,ultraviolet,ultraconservative,semiofficial,semiparasite,unicellular,unite,bicycle,binary-star,multivitamin,multipleobjectives
uniform
2转化:
即由一个词类转为另一个词类,而词的原形不变。
1)动词与名词的转换
dreamv.作梦n.梦
lookv.看n.表情,外貌hislookisassumed.\
assuming
digestv.消化n.文摘
e.g.:
Timeyourtime.Flood
letyourdreamsfloodinyourminds.
2)形容词与动词的转换
slowadj.缓慢的v.放慢low
emptyadj.空的v.腾出空间
3合成
Greenhouseoptimaladj.
Suboptimizationde.te.rio.ratecri.te.rio.n
standard
II.历年真题
2010
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissectionallthestatementsareincomplete,beneatheachofwhicharefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethewordorphrasethatcanbestcompletethestatementandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.
SV….
V:
1.be–amisarewaswere
2.情态V+do…
3.havehashad…
4.dodoesdid
MyWorkIwork
31.Anumberofblackyouths||havecomplainedof/aboutbeing______[bythepolice].
Sbbechargedin/ofsth指控
Sbbeaccusedofsth…指控起诉
Sbbeconvictedofsth…定罪
A.harassed
B.distracted
Distractionn.干扰物
C.sentenced
D.released
32.He||rapidlybecame______withhisownpowerintheteam.
Radioradioactiveradiatev.irradiatetumor
A.irrigated
B.irradiated
C.irritated
D.initial
33.[Throughouthispoliticalcareer]he||hasalwaysbeeninthe______.
Inthetwilightoflife/careerterminal
A.twilight
B.spotlight
C.streetlight
D.torchlight
SV[becauseSVandSV]butSV…
34.We||______thatdiet||isrelatedtomosttypesofcancerbutwe||don’thavedefiniteproof.
Afterthechilly,fever||supervened.
Afigureappearedintheclassroom.
A.suspend
B.supervene
C.supervise
D.suspect
35.Apatient(whoisdyingofincurablecancerofthethroat)isinterriblepain,(whichcan[nolonger]besatisfactorily______.
Relieve
A.a.lle.vi.ated
B.abolished
C.demolished
D.diminished
36.Thetelevisionstation||issupported[by______fromfoundationsandothersources.
Donor
A.donations
B.pensions
v.
C.advertisements
D.accounts
37.Morelegislationisneededtoprotectthe______propertyrightsofthepatent.
Legallegislatev.legislativeadj.institution
IntelligencequotientIQ
Integratev.~AwithB
Integrantsn.
A.integrative
B.intellectualExercise
C.intelligentreader
D.intelligibleexplanation
38.Officialsaresupposedto=should______themselvestothewelfareandhealthofthegeneralpublic.
Adapt1.adaptAtoBAadaptoneselftoB…
2.adaptedversion
Confineof…confinesb.in/atprison.
Themotherisconfinedinherbed.
Assess+…
Accessn./v.accessto…进入接触获得
Assetn.
A.adapt
B.confine
C.commit
D.assess
Commitoneselftosth….履行。
。
。
Commitn=do犯罪commitsuicide
委托交付commitsb.tosth…
Commitmentn.
39.You||shouldstop______yourconditionanddosomethingaboutit.
Thedarkisdrawingon…
A.drawingon
B.touchingon
C.leaningon
D.dwellingon
40.Theauthorofthebook||hasshownhisremarkablykeen______intohumannature.
A.perspective
B.dimension
C.insight
D.reflection
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissectioneachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined,beneathwhicharefourwordsorphrase.Choosethewordorphrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.ThenmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.
41.Thechemicalwasfoundtobedetrimentaltohumanhealth.
A.toxic
B.immune
C.light-sensitivematerial
D.allergic
42.It||willbeadevastatingblowforthepatient,iftheclinic||closes.
A.permanent
B.desperate
C.destructive
D.sudden
43.Hekepttellingusabouthisoperationinthemostgraphicdetail.
A.verifiable
B.explicit
C.precise
D.ambiguous
44.Thedifficultcasetestedtheingenuityofeventhemostskillfulphysician.
A.credibility
B.commitment
C.honesty
D.talent
45.He||left[immediately][onthepretext{thathehadtocatchatrain}].
Theearthquakeclaims300deaths.
1.
A.claim
B.cluehint
C.excuse
D.talent
46.Thenursewasfilledwithremorseofnotbelievingher.
Regretdoing…后悔
Regrettodo….遗憾
Thedoctorregrettedtoinformthepatientthat….
A.anguish
B.regret
C.apology
D.grief
47.Thedoctortriedtofindatactfulwayoftellingherthetruth.
Dedicateto..v.deliberateadj.
A.delicate
B.communicative
C.skillful
D.considerate
48.Whetherapersonlikesaroutineofficejobornotdependslargelyontemperament.
Qualityqualify
qualification
Identityidentifyidentification
A.disposition
B.qualification
C.temptation
D.endorsement
49.ThedoctorruledoutFriday’ssurgeryforthepatient’sunexpectedcomplications.
A.confirmed
B.facilitated
C.postponed
D.cancelled
50.Itisnoteasytoremaintranquilwheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife.
A.cautious
B.motionless
C.calm
D.alert
n.adj.
Thepoliceisonthealert
firealarmn.v.alarmingclockalarms
2009
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissectionallthesentencesareincomplete.BeneatheachofthemaregivenfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Then,marktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.
31.The________conditionsandplaces||arelikelytocausediseases.
BeefficaciousagainstA(H1N1)swineflu
A.unsanitary
B.insidious
potential
C.insane
D.i.ne.ffi.ca.cious
32.Thewitness||was________bythejudgeforfailingtoanswerthequestion.
Failtodo..=can’tdo
Sb.acquitoneselfadv.
Heacquittedhimselfhonestly/bravely
A.abstained
B.acquitted
C.admonished
Demolish
Diminish
D.adduced
induce
33.Hehas________twocarsthisyearbecauseoftrafficaccidents.
A.pulledof
B.wornout
C.passedout
D.writtenoff
34.Peoplearemuchbetterinformed[sincethe________oftheInternet].
A.convenient
B.advent
C.interface
D.afte
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