新标准大学英语综合教程4unit6.docx
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新标准大学英语综合教程4unit6.docx
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新标准大学英语综合教程4unit6
Unit6
Activereading
(1)
1Workinpairsandchoosethebestanswertothequestions.
1WhowasWinstonChurchill?
(a)HeadoftheBritishArmy.
(b)PresidentoftheUS.
(c)BritishPrimeMinister.
2WhichoftheseeventsisChurchillmostfamouslyassociatedwith?
(a)WorldWarI.
(b)WorldWarII.
(c)TheEnglishCivilWar.
3WhichofthelinesdidChurchillsayinaspeech?
(a)Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.
(aquotefromWinstonChurchillin1940onbecomingPrimeMinister)
(b)Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou–askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.
(aquotefromJohnKennedyoninaugurationasUSPresident,1961)
(c)Intheend,wewillremembernotthewordsofourenemies,butthesilenceofourfriends.
(aquotefromMartinLutherKingJr.)
2Readthefirstparagraphofthepassageandpredictwhatthepassageislikelytobeabout.
Thepassageis.
(a)anextractfromabiographyofChurchill
(b)apenportraitofChurchill
(c)acomparisonofimportanthistoricalpeople
WinstonChurchill
Readingandunderstanding
3Numbertheeventsintheordertheyhappened.
5ThealliedforcesdeclaredvictoryinWorldWarII.
3ChurchillwasappointedFirstLordoftheAdmiralty.
4ChurchillbecamePrimeMinister.
1ChurchillfoughtintheBoerWar.
6Churchilllostthegeneralelection.
2ChurchillelectedtotheBritishParliament.
4Choosethebestwaytocompletethesentences.
1Inthesummerof1940,Britain(a).
(a)waslikelytobeattackedbyanothercountry
(b)wassurroundedbyenemies
(c)wasintendingtoattackanothercountry
(d)hadbeenattackedbyanothercountry
2ChurchillsuggestedthatBritain(b).
(a)wouldwinaterriblevictory
(b)neededtofightadifficultwar
(c)mustpreventaterriblecrime
(d)wasademocraticcountry
3Winston’sfatherthoughthewas(c).
(a)anintelligentandhandsomeboywhowouldberich
(b)astrongandbraveboywhowouldfightforhiscountry
(c)aweak,miserableboy,unlikelytobesuccessful
(d)ahard-workingboywhowouldfollowinthefamilytradition
4ThewritersuggeststhatasanMPChurchill(d).
(a)promotedtheinterestsoftradeunionists
(b)wasnotinterestedinlawandorder
(c)dislikedtheattitudeofthesuffragettes
(d)usedthearmytosuppresspeoplewhowantedtochangesociety
5ThewritersuggeststhatChurchill’searlyambitionwas(a).
(a)tobeanimportantmilitaryman
(b)toplaywithsoldiers
(c)towinawar
(d)toliveinapalace
6Winstonfoughtasanordinarysoldierbecause(c).
(a)hewasmarriedtoayoungerwoman
(b)hebecamedepressed
(c)hefeltguiltyaboutabattlethatwentwrong
(d)hewantedtowriteaboutthewar
7In1940Churchill(b).
(a)agreedwithNevilleChamberlain
(b)inspiredpeopletobelievetheycouldwinthewar
(c)declaredthattheKingwantedhimtobePrimeMinister
(d)wonavictoryatAgincourt
8Attheendofthepassage,thewritersuggeststhatBritain(d).
(a)nolongerneededdemocracy
(b)hadforgottenallaboutChurchill
(c)summedupthecharacterofChurchill
(d)hadsurvivedthewarthankstoChurchill
5Choosethebestsummaryofthepassage.
3Churchillcamefromafamousfamilyandwasasoldierandpolitician.WhenChurchillbecamePrime
Ministerin1940,Britainwasatwar.Churchillmadespeechesthatinspiredthenation,andledthecountryto
victory.Althoughhewasconsideredagreatmilitaryleader,Churchilllostthegeneralelectionafterthewar.
Dealingwithunfamiliarwords
6Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.
1willingtoacceptsomeoneelse’sbeliefsorwayoflifewithoutcriticizingthem(tolerant)
2asystemofgovernmentinwhichpeoplevoteinelectionstochoosethepeoplewhowillgovernthem
(democracy)
3willingtosupport,workfororbeafriendtosomeone,evenindifficulttimes(loyal)
4beingfamousandadmiredforaspecialskillorachievement(renowned)
5thethingsthatyouwilldoorthetypeofpersonthatyouwillbecomeinthefuture(destiny)
6apeacefulandprivateplacewhereyoucangoinordertorest(retreat)
7tofrightenorhurtsomeonewhoissmallerandweakerthanyou(bully)
7CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity6.
Churchillbelievedthathewas
(1)destinedtoleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWarI
andledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWarII.Itseemsironicthataleaderofsuch
(2)renownasChurchill
couldnotcountonthe(3)loyaltyofvotersin1945.However,ina(4)democraticcountry,electorscannot
be(5)bullied,andhehadto(6)toleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andwentoncemoretohis
country(7)retreat,Chartwell.
8Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.
1Hisachievementsweresogreatthattheycanneverbebettered.(surpassed)
2Thesituationcanonlygetworse;itwillneverimprove.(degenerate)
3Althoughhewasarichman,hisclotheswereofpoorqualityandinbadcondition.(shabby)
4Heexchangedhispositionasageneralforthatofanordinarysoldier.(swapped)
5AtthebeginningofWorldWarIItheKingturnedtoChurchilltoleadthecountry.(onset)
6Churchilldrankalotofalcohol.(liquor)
7ChurchillwantedtodosomethingtoshowhewassorryforhismistakeatthebattleofGallipoli.(make
amends)
9Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.
1Ifagovernmentisamonstroustyranny,isit(a)terribleandoppressive,or(b)democraticandtolerant?
2Ifsomethingislamentable,isit(a)surprising,or(b)disappointing?
3Ifyoupacksomeoneoff,doyou(a)protectthem,or(b)sendthemaway?
4Ifsomeonetalkswithastammer,dotheytalk(a)inaconfidentway,or(b)withdifficulty?
5Doesdoubleupasmean(a)todotwojobsatthesametime,or(b)todoajobmorethanonce?
6Isadispatch(a)areportthatyousend,or(b)somethingyouexperience?
7Issanity(a)amentalillness,or(b)theabilitytothinkandspeakreasonably?
8Ifyousufferaboutofflu,doestheflulast(a)ashorttime,or(b)alongtime?
9Doesunswervinglydescribesomeonewhosefeelings(a)oftenchange,especiallyifcircumstances
change,or(b)areconstant,evenifcircumstancesaredifficult?
10Ifyoubrandishsomething,doyou(a)hideitinapocket,or(b)waveitintheair?
11Doesinfuriatingdescribesomeonewho(a)makesyouangry,or(b)isveryeasytogetonwith?
12Iseccentricity(a)strangeandunusualbehaviour,or(b)normalbehaviour?
Readingandinterpreting
10Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandanswerthequestions.
1Inthesummerof1940,Britainstoodaloneonthebrinkofinvasion.Atthatcrucialtime,oneman,
WinstonChurchill,definedwhatitmeanttobeBritish.
InwhatwaydoyouthinkChurchillpersonifiedBritain?
Theleaderofacountryrepresentsit.Churchill’sdeterminationtowinandstrengthofcharacter
summedupthenation’sfeelings.
2Youaskwhatisourpolicy?
…Youaskwhatisouraim?
Whoasksthesequestions?
Whoanswersthem?
Whateffectdoesthishave?
ThepeoplewhoaskthesequestionsarethemembersofParliamenthewasaddressing,andbeyond
themtheBritishpeoplewonderingwhattheirnewgovernmentwoulddo.ByansweringthemChurchill
showshisleadership.Thequestionsalsogivethespeechformandrhythm.
3…withallourmightandwithallourstrength…
Mightandstrengthhavesimilarmeanings,whyarebothwordsused?
Theuseofthesetwowordswhicharesimilarinmeaningcreatesemphasis(asdothetwoalls),and
soexpressesdeterminationaswellasawarningthatitwillbeatotalstruggle.Thereisalsoperhapsa
reassurancethatthecountryhasconsiderableresources.
4Peopletalkof1066,oftheArmada,ofTrafalgar.But1940wasthemostimportantyearinBritish
history.ItwastheyearofDunkirk,theBattleofBritain,theBlitz.
Thefirstsetofbattlescoveredmorethan700yearsofBritishhistory.Thesecondsetallhappenedin
1940.Whatistheeffectofputtingtheseliststogether?
Itshowshowmuchwaspackedintothatoneyearoftotalcrisis.Itwasequaltoallthatwentbefore.
5IfBritain–itseccentricity,itsstrengthofcharacter,itsbig-heartedness–hadtobesummedupinone
person,itwashim.
Doesanationhaveacharacter?
WhatisthewritersayingaboutBritainandaboutChurchill?
Thewriterthinksacountryhascertainvaluesitspeoplebelieveinandthereforetrytoshow.These
arethequalitieshethinksaretreasuredbytheBritish,oneswhichChurchillhadinfull.Itispossible
thatpatriotismgiveseachcountryaratherexaggeratedsenseofitsownvirtues,butitisalsotruethat
differentculturesdoemphasizedifferentaspectsoflife
Activereading
(2)
2Workinpairs.Choosethebestanswertothequestions.
1Whatisahistoricalfact?
(a)Anythingthathappenedinthepast.
(b)Somethingsignificantthathappenedinthepast.
Comment:
(a)istrueinasense,butmostfactslikethatareofnointerestorcanbeeasilyforgotten.To
reallybecomepartofhistorythefactmustbeworthrecalling.
2Whatdoesahistoriando?
(a)Establishaccuratelywhathappenedinthepast.
(b)Decidewhichfactsareimportantandinterprettheirsignificance.
Comment:
Historiansneedtruefacts,whicharenotmuchuseuntiltheyareinterpretedandused.So(a)
hassometruth,but(b)farmore.
Thehistorianandhisfacts
Readingandunderstanding
3Answerthequestions.
1Whatistherelationshipbetweenarchaeologyandhistory?
Archaeologyisanauxiliaryscienceofhistory,forexample,itsuppliesfactswhichcanthenbe
interpretedbyhistorians,egpotteryisdugupanddatedsoweknowacertaingrouplivedtherea
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