高中英语语法名词性从句精讲.docx
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高中英语语法名词性从句精讲.docx
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高中英语语法名词性从句精讲
高中英语名词性从句讲解-
名词性从句
PART1
完成以下题目,并分别指出它们是什么从句
1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If
2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what
3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.
A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move
名词性从句的功能:
相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
主语)主语)表语)表语)
Idon’t宾语)
Idon’t宾语)
Idon’tknowabout同位语)
Idon’tknowabout同位语)
得出结论:
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为四类,即:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
PART2
名词性从句的类型:
1.主语从句:
在复合句中作主句的主语。
连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.
__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.
注意:
1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
记住以下it作形式主语的句型:
It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…
Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…
It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…
It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…
Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.
A.howB.thatC.whenD.what
Itisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
2.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用句单数形式;如果是两个或两个以上的主语作
主语,谓语动词则视情况而定。
tbeenfound.
Exercises:
.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.
A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How
It’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.
A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That
______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail
account.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires
2.表语从句:
在复合句中作主句的表语。
引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。
如:
Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.
Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.
Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.
Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.
Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied.
注意:
1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.
2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是,…的原因是…
Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.
Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.
A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because
3.Itisbecause…这是因为…
Exercises:
Thisis______shewasborn.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what
Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.
A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto
______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
Energyis______makesthingswork.
A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything
3.宾语从句:
在复合句中作主句的宾语。
引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。
如:
(1)V+宾语从句,即“动宾”:
Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?
/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.
Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasone
mightexpect.
A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis
---Don’tyoubelieveme?
---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.
A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever
“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
”“Theyalwaysletmedo______Ithink
Ishould.”
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
(2)prep+宾语从句,即“介宾”:
He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.
Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.
A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone
Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
(3)adj+宾语从句,即“形宾”:
I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.
不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.
如:
ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
注意:
(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换成if。
Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether可与不定式连用,构成whethertodo结构。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
Exercises:
Iaskedher__________shehadabike.
__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.
Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.
Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.
Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.
Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.
(2)如果宾语从句是由that引导,and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个
that可以省略,第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.
Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.
Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,就用it作形式宾语,将宾语从句后置,并且that不可以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.
IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.
(3)表示“建议,命令,要求”的宾语从句,如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等,从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略。
(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中,其否定形式要用否定转移,即主句否定,从句肯定。
Idon’tthinkhewillcome.
Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.
Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.
(5)宾语从句的时态呼应:
a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.
b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.Hetoldme_______________________________.
他说他已离开家乡十年了。
Hetoldme_________________________________.
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.
Exercises:
Doyousee______Imean?
A.thatB./C.howD.what
Tellme______isonyourmind.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why
Wemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.
A.whatB.that
Letmesee______.
A.thatcanIrepairtheradio
C.Icanrepairtheradio
Keepinmind______.
A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayB.whetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioC./D.how
C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid
4.同位语从句:
在复合句中起同位语的作用。
一般放在名词idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。
常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和which不引导同位语从句)
Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.
A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if
Theyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when
Thefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
注意:
1.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略。
a.Thesuggestionthathe______atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.
A.wasputforwardB.putforward
C.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward
b.Thesuggestionthatwe______topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.
AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo
2.同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面,而是被别的词分开,称为隔裂式同位语从句。
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.
WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.
Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether
There’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.
A.howB.thatC.whenD.what
Dandyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
3.如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?
a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。
定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个成分,充当宾语成分时可省略。
b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。
引导同位语从句的that
在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.
五.名词性从句的考点归纳:
1.名词性从句的语序:
a.That+陈述句:
---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.
---______itmademenearlymad.
A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak
b.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序,不能用一般疑问句语序,即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。
Idon’tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing.a.Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()
Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()
b.Couldyoutellmewhereheli
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