职称英语考试卫生B类模拟试题二3.docx
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职称英语考试卫生B类模拟试题二3.docx
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职称英语考试卫生B类模拟试题二3
职称英语考试卫生B类模拟试题
(二)3
第2篇
CommonProblems,CommonSolutions
Thechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindaboutsmokingalongtimeago---anddecidedit'snotforyou.
Thechancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers--thereare,afterallabout60millionofthem,workwiththem,andgetalongwiththemverywell.
Andfinallyit'saprettysafebetthatyou'reopen-mindedandinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers--oryouwouldn'tbereadingthis.
Andthosethreethingsmakeyouincrediblyimportanttoday.
Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthevoice--notthesmoker'sandnottheanti-smoker's--thatwilldeterminehowmuchofsociety'seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhowmuchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.
Foronetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillionsofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhich,whenallissaidanddone,stillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.Oneprominenthealthorganization,tocitebutasingleinstance,nowspends28centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaron"education"(muchofitinanti-smokingpropaganda)andonly2centsonresearch.
Therewillalwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwalls,whowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeople,anduptoapoint,eventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-buildershave,togivethemtheirdue,helpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareofchoice.
Butourguess,andcertainlyourhope,isthatyouareamongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbest,andthatoverthelongrun,wecanservesociety'sinterestbetterbyworkingtogetherinmutualaccommodation.
Whatevervirtuewallsmayhave,theycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewhoworktogetheroncommonproblems,commonsolutions,can.
1.Whatdoestheword"wall"usedinthepassagemean?
A)Anti-smokingpropaganda.
B)Diseasesstrikingnonsmokersaswellassmokers.
C)Rulesandregulationsthatprohibitsmoking.
D)Separationofsmokersfromnonsmokers.
2.Inparagraph4,"you"refersto
A)smokers.
B)nonsmokers.
C)anti-smokers.
D)smokerswhohavequittedsmoking.
3.Itisevidentthattheauthorisnotinfavorof_______
A)buildingawallbetweensmokersandnonsmokers.
B)doingscientificresearchattheexpenseofone'shealth.
C)bringingsmokersandnonsmokerstogether.
D)provingaccommodationforsmokers.
4.Asissuggested,thecommonsolutiontothecommonproblemis______
A)toseparatepeoplefrompeople.
B)toworktogetherinmutualaccommodation.
C)tomakeusmorekeenlyawareofchoice.
D)toservesociety'sinterestsbetter.
5.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterlooksupontheanti-smokingwall-builders'actions_______
A)optimistically.
B)pessimistically.
C)unconcernedly.
D)skeptically.
第3篇
DayCare
TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"attachment"periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'spersonalityandresultinemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone-farfromit'.Secondly,commonsensetellsUSthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparentsfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneuralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.
ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslater.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwithchildrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cuff,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlcareisreasonableforinfants.
词汇:
psychoanalystn.精神分析学家一心理分析学家
insulatevt.隔绝
rearvt.抚养
predispose引起易感性
caretakern.照顾者,看管人
entailvt.使必需,使蒙受,使承担,遗传给
infantn.婴儿
anthropologistn.人类学家
练习:
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?
A)Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositiveeffectofdaycarforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.
B)Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.
C)Thefirstthreeyearsofone'slifeisextremelyimportanttothelaterdevelopmentofpersonality.
D)Childrenunderthreegetusedtothelifeatnurseryschoolsmorereadilythanchildrenoverthree
2.WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby'swork?
A)Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersbeforetheageofthree.
B)Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild'sdevelopment.
C)Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhaveemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.
D)Daycarewouldnotbesopopularasnoticeablenegativeeffectsonachild'spersonality.
3.Itissuggestedthatmodernsocietiesdifferfromtraditionalsocietiesinthat_______
A)theparents-childrelationshipismoreexclusiveinmodernsocieties.
B)achildmoreoftengrowsupwithhis(herbrothersorsistersintraditionalsocieties.
C)motherbringsupchildrenwiththehelpofherhusbandintraditionalsocieties.
D)childreninmodernsocietiesaremorelikelytodevelopmentalillnessinlateryears
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTanargumentagainstBowlby'stheory?
A)Manystudiesshowthatdaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.
B)Thefactthattherearesomanynurseryschoolstodayshowsthatdaycareissafe.
C)Theseparationofyoungchildrenfromtheirparentsiscommoninsometraditionalsocieties.
D)Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.
5Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'sattitudetowardsearlydaycare?
A)Childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparents.
B)Earlydaycarehaspositiveeffectsonchildren'sdevelopment.
C)Theissueiscontroversialanditssettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics.
D)Theeffectsofearlydaycareonchildrenareexaggeratedandparentsshouldignoretheissue.
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