高考英语试题各省市阅读表达题型汇总Word文件下载.docx
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高考英语试题各省市阅读表达题型汇总Word文件下载.docx
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[5]GettystartedamuseumathishomeMalibu,California.Heboughtmanyimportantandbeautifulpiecesofartforthemuseum.WhenGettydiedin1976,thevalueofthecollectioninthemuseumwas$1billion.Heleftallhismoneytothemuseum.Afterhisdeath,themuseumgrewinsize.TodayitisoneofthemostimportantmuseumsintheUnitedStates.Gettymadealargefortuneinhislife,buthegavehismoneytotheartworldbecausehewantedpeopletolearnaboutandloveart.
76.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?
(nomorethan8words)
____________________________________________________________________________
77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.(nomorethan7words)
78.ExplaintheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3.
_______________________________________________________________________________
79.WhatdidthekidnappersdotoGetty’sfamily(nomorethan10words)
80.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusaboutGettyinthelastparagraph?
(nomorethan10words)
76.【答案】JeanPaulGettymadeafortunebyhimself.
【解析】段落主旨大意题。
第一段没有主旨句,但是通过对整段内容的把握,我们可以看出,JeanPaulGetty挣了很多钱,但是靠自己努力的结果,没有靠父亲的帮忙。
77.【答案】didn’tbringhappiness
【解析】第一个词是but,与前文形成转折关系,第一段说Getty很有钱,但是第二段中说他结了5次婚,离了5次婚,并且他的孩子也都不快乐,所以应该填钱没有带来幸福。
78.【答案】Althoughhewaswealthy,hewantedtosaveeverycent./hedidn’twanttowastemoney./hewasmean.
【解析】本题是用英语“解释”,而不是用中文“翻译”,关键是短语“inspiteof”,尽管的意思,“miser”通过下文中他的行为可以看出来他是个“小气鬼”。
79.【答案】TheytookGetty’sgrandsonformoney.
【解析】对原文“kidnapperstookhis16-year-oldgrandson,anddemandedalargeamountofmoneyforhissafereturn.”的简化,精简到10个字之内就可以了。
80.【答案】Gettycontributedalottotheartworld.
【解析】最后一段中介绍了Getty对他创立的艺术博物馆的贡献,从而说明他对艺术做出了巨大的贡献。
二、(2013上海卷)
SectionD
Directions:
Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,afacilityforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tosearchformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.
Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategories(类别)showedadropinthese“moodwords”overtime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.
“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecrease,”saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,inacrowdedmedialandscape.“Onethingcouldbethatinparalleltobooksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia—movies,radio,drama—hadmoreemotionalcontentthanbooks.”
Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,theresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehaviour:
theratio(比率)betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.
DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedapeakthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.ButtheratioplungedattheheightoftheSecondWorldWar.Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethatthereversecouldbetrue.
“Ithasbeensuggested,forexample,thatitwasthesuppression(压抑)ofdesireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandforwriting‘filledwithromanceandsex’…perhaps,”theyconclude,“songsandbooksmaynotreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalkmodelsreflecttheaveragebody.”
(Note:
AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)
本篇是一篇关于文学作品中词汇用量研究的科普文章。
开篇首段即提出一个研究结论:
在各种类型的书籍中,表达情感的词汇用量在下降。
第二段对上文进行补充,强调单单表达恐惧的词汇用量呈上升趋势。
紧接着第三段中给出了造成这种情绪词汇下降的原因——新媒体(电影、广播、戏剧)的崛起。
第四、五、六段进一步探讨了新话题:
表示快乐的词汇用量与表示悲伤的词汇用量这两者的比率,能间接反映出历史事件和历史趋势。
81.Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooksindicatedadeclinein“moodwords”overtimeexcept
_______________.
【答案】inthecategoryoffear
【解析】细节理解题。
首先根据题干关键词Astudyofmorethan,decline,“moodwords”定位至第一段第一句与第二段首句。
接着题干中的except一词表示转折,表示与先前描述不符的情况,顺势与第二段末句内容“Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.”相对应,表明除了inthecategoryoffear,其余的情况情感用词都在下降。
所以,正确答案填inthecategoryoffear。
82.AccordingtoDrAlbertoAcerbi,onereasonforthedropof“moodwords”inbooksmaybethat
【答案】theliterarypositionhaschangedinacrowdedmedialandscape/othermedia—movies,radio,drama—hadmoreemotionalcontent
该题目要求考生找出感情用词下降现象的产生原因,而第三段主要内容都是在解释该现象的产生原因。
再根据题干人名DrAlbertoAcerbi定位至第三段第二句。
explainedby后即为所填内容,整合后答案可为“theliterarypositionhaschangedinacrowdedmedialandscape”。
同时也可定位至第三段最后一句,表明其他类型的媒介如电影、广播、戏剧能承载更多的情感内容,经整合后答案是“othermedia—movies,radio,drama—hadmoreemotionalcontent”。
83.Whatwerethetwoperiodswhenthejoy-to-sadnessratiowasatitshighest?
【答案】DuringtheRoaringTwentiesandbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.
由题干关键词“joy-to-sadnessratio”定位至第五段首句,意为在“DuringtheRoaringTwenties”比率达至顶峰,这种情形直到“beforetherecentfinancialcrash”才又一次出现。
所以“reachedapeak”前面的主语与“until”后的内容即为所要求填写的内容,整合后答案是“DuringtheRoaringTwentiesandbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.”。
84.Whiletheresearchersfoundsomechangesintheuseof“moodwords”inbooks,theywere
notsurethat_______________.
【答案】theirresearchresultreflectedwidersocialtrends/songsandbooksreflectedtherealpopulation
题干表明研究人员态度有一种转折,由此定位至第五段末句。
其中“heldareservedopinion”与题干中“werenotsure”相对应,则答案即可完善为“theirresearchresultreflectedwidersocialtrends”。
同时因为文章第六段是对第五段观点的具体展开说明,所以亦可定位至第六段最后一句,意为研究者不能确定歌曲和书籍是否反映出了真实人口数,即答案也可以是“songsandbooksreflectedtherealpopulation”。
三、(2013湖南卷)
SectionB(10marks)
Readthefollowingpassage.Answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.
“Let’sTalk”:
TheFreeAdviceProject
Afewweeksago,ItookawalkaroundWashingtonSquarePark.Imetalltheusualpeople:
streetperformers,thePigeonGuy,agroupofguitaristssinginginharmony.Butofftotheside,sittingonabenchwasawomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent—givingfreeadvice.
Aweekortwolater,Isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength.
LisaPodell,32,startedtheFreeAdviceProjectthispastMay.Itbeganasanexperiment;
shesatinWashingtonSquareParkforadaywithasignthatread“FreeAdvice”asasimplewaytoreachouttopeople.Podellwasastonishedatthestrongresponse.
Podelladmitsthatshewasdoubtfulatfirst,butnowshedescribestheprojectasmutually(相互地)beneficial.Peoplelearnfromher—butshealsolearnsfromthem.Shesaysthatthemajorityofthosewhocometoheraredealingwithsomeprettyheavyissues,andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.
Havingworkedasafulltimeteacherandnowasanadolescentadvisor,Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisanimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.
Sometimes,peoplewalkaroundallday,keepingtheirproblemsintheirownheadandthinkingabouttheminthesameway.Podellsimplystrivestoprovidepeoplewithperspective.
IaskedifthereisafutureplanfortheFreeAdviceProject.PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.
Itwastrulyinspiringtomeetsomeonewithsuchabigheart,especiallyinNewYork—whereitissometimesveryhardtofindanybodytolisten.
81.InwhatwaywasPodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark?
(Nomorethan6words)(2marks)
82.WhatdopeopleinneedexpectPodelltodo?
(Nomorethan10words)(3marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83.AccordingtoPodell,whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingdecisions?
(Nomorethan6words)(2marks)
84.HowwouldPodellpromoteherprojectinNewYork?
(Nomorethan15words)(3marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
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