独立宣言Declaration of Independence英文版.docx
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独立宣言Declaration of Independence英文版.docx
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独立宣言DeclarationofIndependence英文版
DeclarationofIndependence
July4,1776
TheUnanimousDeclarationofthethirteenunited*StatesofAmerica.
When,inthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethePoliticalBandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthePowersoftheEarth,theseparateandequalStationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentRespecttotheOpinionsofMankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheSeparation.
WeholdtheseTruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness--ThattosecuretheseRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,thatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructivetotheseEnds,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundationonsuchPrinciplesandorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientCauses;andaccordinglyallExperiencehathshownthatMankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileEvilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheFormstowhichtheyareaccustomed.ButwhenalongTrainofAbusesandUsurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesaDesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirRight,itistheirDuty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfutureSecurity.SuchhasbeenthepatientSufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowtheNecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.TheHistoryofthepresentKingofGreat-BritainisaHistoryofrepeatedInjuriesandUsurpations,allhavingindirectObjecttheEstablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidWorld.
HEhasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicGood.
HEhasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingImportance,unlesssuspendedintheirOperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.
HEhasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheAccommodationoflargeDistrictsofPeople,unlessthosePeoplewouldrelinquishtheRightofRepresentationintheLegislature,aRightinestimabletothemandformidabletoTyrantsonly.
HEhascalledtogetherLegislativeBodiesatPlacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromtheDepositoryoftheirpublicRecords,forthesolePurposeoffatiguingthemintoCompliancewithhisMeasures.
HEhasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyFirmnesshisInvasionsontheRightsofthePeople.
HEhasrefusedforalongTime,aftersuchDissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativePowers,incapableofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoalltheDangersofInvasionfromwithout,andtheConvulsionswithin.
HEhasendeavoredtopreventthePopulationoftheseStates;forthatPurposeobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirMigrationhither,andraisingtheConditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.
HEhasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciaryPowers.
HEhasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWillalone,fortheTenureoftheirOffices,andtheAmountandPaymentoftheirSalaries.
HEhaserectedaMultitudeofnewOffices,andsenthitherSwarmsofOfficerstoharassourPeople,andeatouttheirSubstance.
HEhaskeptamongus,inTimesofPeace,StandingArmieswithouttheconsentofourLegislature.
HEhasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortoCivilPower.
HEhascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoaJurisdictionforeigntoourConstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourLaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation:
FORquarteringlargeBodiesofArmedTroopsamongus:
FORprotectingthem,bymockTrial,fromPunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates:
FORcuttingoffourTradewithallPartsoftheWorld:
FORimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:
FORdeprivingusinmanyCases,oftheBenefitsofTrialbyJury:
FORtransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedOffences:
FORabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighboringProvince,establishingthereinanarbitraryGovernment,andenlargingitsBoundariessoastorenderitatonceanExampleandfitInstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteRuleintotheseColonies:
FORtakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLaws,andalteringfundamentallytheFormsofourGovernments:
FORsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithPowertolegislateforusinallCaseswhatsoever.
HEhasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus.
HEhasplunderedourSeas,ravagedourCoasts,burnedourTowns,anddestroyedtheLivesofourPeople.
HEis,atthisTime,transportinglargeArmiesofforeignMercenariestocompleattheWorksofDeath,Desolation,andTyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCrueltyandPerfidy,scarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousAges,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizedNation.
HEhasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheExecutionersoftheirFriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands.
HEhasexciteddomesticInsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavoredtobringontheInhabitantsofourfrontiers,themercilessIndianSavages,whoseknownRuleofWarfare,isundistinguishedDestructionofallAges,SexesandConditions.
INeverystageoftheseOppressionswehavePetitionedforRedressinthemosthumbleTerms:
OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedInjury.APrince,whoseCharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfittobetheRulerofafreePeople.
NORhavewebeenwantinginAttentionstoourBritishBrethren.WehavewarnedthemfromTimetoTimeofattemptsbytheirLegislaturetoextendanunwarrantableJurisdictionoverus.WehaveremindedthemoftheCircumstancesofourEmigrationandSettlementhere.WehaveappealedtotheirnativeJusticeandMagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembytheTiesofourcommonKindredtodisavowtheseUsurpations,which,wouldinevitablyinterruptourConnectionsandCorrespondence.TheytoohavebeendeaftotheVoiceofJusticeandConsanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceintheNecessity,whichdenouncesourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofMankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeace,Friends.
WE,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheUNITEDSTATESofAMERICA,inGeneralCongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheWorldfortheRectitudeofourIntentions,do,intheName,andbytheAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlyPublishandDeclare,thattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobe,FREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES;thattheyareabsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalConnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichINDEPENDENTSTATESmayofrightdo.AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,withafirmRelianceontheProtectionofDivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunes,andoursacredHonor.
∙NewHampshire:
JosiahBartlett,WilliamWhipple,MatthewThornton
∙Massachusetts:
JohnHancock,SamualAdams,JohnAdams,RobertTreatPaine,ElbridgeGerry
∙RhodeIsland:
StephenHopkins,WilliamEllery
∙Connecticut:
RogerSherman,SamuelHuntington,WilliamWilliams,OliverWolcott
∙NewYork:
WilliamFloyd,PhilipLivingston,FrancisLewis,LewisMorris
∙NewJersey:
RichardStockton,JohnWitherspoon,FrancisHopkinson,JohnHart,AbrahamClark
∙Pennsylvania:
RobertMorris,BenjaminRush,BenjaminFranklin,JohnMorton,GeorgeClymer,JamesSmith,GeorgeTaylor,JamesWilson,GeorgeRoss
∙Delaware:
CaesarRodney,GeorgeRead,ThomasMcKean
∙Maryland:
SamuelChase,WilliamPaca,ThomasStone,CharlesCarrollofCarrollton
∙Virginia:
GeorgeWythe,RichardHenryLee,ThomasJefferson,BenjaminHarrison,ThomasNelson,Jr.,FrancisLightfootLee,CarterBraxton
∙NorthCarolina:
WilliamHooper,JosephHewes,JohnPenn
∙SouthCarolina:
EdwardRutledge,ThomasHeyward,Jr.,ThomasLynch,Jr.,ArthurMiddleton
∙Georgia:
ButtonGwinnett,LymanHall,GeorgeWalton.
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