阅读理解.docx
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阅读理解.docx
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阅读理解
阅读理解
一、Fillintheblankswithsuitablewordsorexpressionsfromthelistgivenbelow,andchangetheformwherenecessary.(从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达,以其适当的形式填空。
)
1.
Aprogramminglanguage,designedtofacilitatethecommunicationbetweenhumanandcomputers,isa________________fordescribingcomputationinreadableform.Thereare3levelsofprogramminglanguages,theyare________________,whichcanberundirectlybycomputer;________________and_____________.Therearedifferenthigh-levelprogramminglanguages.Fortunately,mostofthemhavemanykindsofconstructincommonandvaryonlyinthewaythatthesemustbe________________.Therefore,firstthingtobedecidedaboutataskistochoosewhichprogramminglanguageisbestsuitedforthejob.
2.
Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheofthecomputersystems.Itisthemostcomputersystemcomponent,responsiblefordirectingmostofthecomputersystemactivitiesbasedontheinstructionsprovided.TheCPUcomprises
theandthe.Thecontrolunitisresponsiblefordirectingandcoordinatingmostofthecomputersystemsactivities.TheALUperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions—thatis,it,subtracts,multiplies,divides,anddoescomparisons.
63
MicrosoftWordXPisthecurrentWindowversionofWord,anddocumentscreatedinWordXPcanbeeasily__________________Excel,PowerPointandAccessfiles.IntheinterfaceofWord,the_________displaysthenameofthecurrentapplicationandnameofthecurrentdocument;the________liststhenamesofthemenusavailable;the_____________givestheuserquickaccesstofrequentlyusededitingfunctions;the_______enablestheusertochangeleftandrightmargin.
4.
SoftwareEngineering,whichmeanstheapplicationofengineeringtosoftware,isamethodtodevelop,operateand________software.Thatis,thedevelopmentofsoftwareisonasystematic,_________,quantitivebasis.Beforestartingthedevelopmentofsoftware,youhavetosystematicallyapproachtheproblem.Youhavetounderstandthe_________(whatthesoftwareissupposedtodo),carryoutthedesign,dothe_________,carryoutarigoroustestingandifthesoftwareisaspertherequirements,releasethesoftwaretothecustomer.Subsequently,ifthecustomerwantssomechanges--refinementsorenhancementsthenthesoftwarehastobe_________.
二.根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误
(1).
Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofthecomputersystems.Amongotherthings,itsconfigurationdetermineswhetheracomputerisfastorslowinrelationtoothercomputers.TheCPUisthemostcomplexcomputersystemcomponent,responsiblefordirectingmostofthecomputersystemactivitiesbasedontheinstructionsprovided.Asonecomputergenerationhasevolvedtothenext,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomesmallerandsmaller,whileitsspeedandcapacityhaveincreasedtremendously.Indeed,thesechangeshaveresultedinmicrocomputersthataresmallenoughtofitonyourdeskoryourlap.
TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandthearithmetic/logicunit(ALU).
Thecontrolunitisresponsiblefordirectingandcoordinatingmostofthecomputersystemsactivities.Itdeterminesthemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandthearithmetic/logicunit,aswellasthecontrolsignalsbetweentheCPUandinput/outputdevices.
TheALUperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions—thatis,itadds,subtracts,multiplies,divides,anddoescomparisons.Thesecomparisons,whicharebasically“lessthan”,“greaterthan”,and“equalto”,canbecombinedintoseveralcommonexpressions,suchas“greaterthanorequalto”.Theobjectiveofmostinstructionsthatusecomparisonsistodeterminewhichinstructionshouldbeexecutednext.
Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassageA.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误)
1.Withthedevelopmentofcomputer,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomebiggerandbigger.()
2.ThemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandtheALUaswellasthecontrolsignalbetweentheCPUandinput/outputdevicesarecontrolledbythecontrolunitoftheCPU.()
3.TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandmemory.()
4.Thecontrolunitperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions
5.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofthecomputersystems.()
(2).
ForaWebuser,thehomepageisthefirstWebpagethatisdisplayedafterstartingaWebbrowserlikeNetscape'sNavigatororMicrosoft'sInternetExplorer.Thebrowserisusuallypreset(预置)sothatthehomepageisthefirstpageofthebrowsermanufacturer.However,youcansetittoopentoanyWebsite.Forexample,youcanspecify(指定)thathttp:
//www.yahoo.comorhttp:
//www.whatis.combeyourhomepage.Youcanalsospecifythattherebenohomepage(ablankspacewillbedisplayed)inwhichcaseyouchoosethefirstpagefromyourbookmarklistorenteraWebaddress.
ForaWebsitedeveloper,ahomepageisthefirstpagepresentedwhenauserselectsasiteontheWorldWideWeb.TheusualaddressforaWebsiteisthehomepageaddress,althoughyoucanentertheaddress(UniformResourceLocator)ofanypageandhavethatpagesenttoyou..
Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassageA.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误)
1.HomepagesforaWebuseroraWebsitedeveloperhavethesamemeanings.()
2.ThehomepagedisplayedonaWebbrowserisusuallypresetbythebrowsermanufacturer.()
3.ThehomepageforaWebusercanberesettoanyWebsiteyouprefer.()
4.YouhavetoenterorselectWebaddresseseverytimewithablankspaceonyourWebbrowser.
()
5.Webaddressesusuallyleadtorelativehomepages.()
(3).
Personalcomputersoftwareisbasedonspecificoperatingsystemsandmachines.ThefamousPCoperatingsystemsareDOS,Windows,OS/2,Unix,Linux,MacOS.
DOS(DiskOperatingSystem)wasthemostpopularoperatingsystemforIBMandIBM-compatible16bitpersonalcomputers.DOSisnolongerwidelyusedbecauseithasanumberoflimitations.
MicrosoftbuiltWindowsasanextensionofthewidelyinstalledDOSoperatingsystem.Windowsprovidesnotonlyagraphicaluserinterface(GUI),butalsomemorymanagementandmultitaskingcapabilities.
Unixisaninteractive,multi-user,multitaskingoperatingsystemthatishighlysupportiveofcommunicationsandnetworking.Atpresent,Unixisprimarilyusedforworkstations,minicomputers,andservercomputersinmulti-userenvironments.
LinuxisthefreeUnix.Ithasallofthefeaturesyouwouldexpectofamodern,fullyfledgedUnix:
truemultitasking,virtualmemory,sharedlibraries,demandloading,shared,propermemorymanagementandTCP/IPnetworking.
MacOS(MachintoshOperatingSystem)supportsmultitaskingandnetworkingandhasahighlypraisedgraphicaluserinterface.MultimediacapabilitiesofthisoperatingsystemallowMacintoshuserstointegratevideoclip,stereosound,andanimatedsequenceswithconventionaltextandgraphicssoftware.
Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassageA.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误)
1.Personalcomputersoftwareisdependentonspecificoperatingsystemsandmachines.()
2.DOScanonlyworkwith32-bitmicroprocessor.()
3.Windowsisthe32-bitoperatingsystemwithnetworkingcapabilityandInternetaccess.()
4.Unixisaninteractive,multi-user,multitaskingoperatingsystem.()
5.TheLinuxoperatingsystemisfree.ItisthemodifiedversionofUnixrunningonPCs.()
(4)。
Duringinitialdaysofcomputing,softwarewaslargelydevelopedbysmallgroupsofpeople.Whenthissoftwarewastobemaintainedbyanothersetofpeople,itusedtobeanightmarishexperience.Whenlargecommercialprojectsweretobehandled,itusedtobeanalmostimpossibletasktokeepthetimeandbudgetundercontrol,andprojectsusedtogetdelayedandmanyprojectswereabandonedhalfway.Therewasnosystematicprocedureforthesoftwaredevelopment;everythingwasdoneonadhocbasis.Thisadhocapproachledtothe‘softwarecrisis’.
Overthelastfewdecadestherehasbeenatremendousgrowthininformationtechnologyanditsimpactoneverydaylife.Complexsoftwaresystemshavebecomecriticaltotheoperationofmanysystemsinareassuchasbanking,communications,manufacturing,powergeneration,andtransportation.Progressincomputerscienceandaccumulatedexperiencewithindustrialproductionofsoftwarehaveledtotheemergenceofsoftwareengineeringasaseparatediscipline.Thesoftwareengineeringdisciplinehasbeendefinedas"theapplicationofsystematic,disciplined,quantifiableapproachestothedevelopment,operation,andmaintenanceofsoftware."thatis,theapplicationofengineeringtosoftware.
Thecomputersciencedisciplineconcernswithdevelopinglargeapplications.Softwareengineeringcoversnotonlythetechnicalaspectsofbuildingsoftwaresystems,butalsomanagementissues,suchasdirectingprogrammingteams,scheduling,andbudgeting.
Fordevelopingasoftwareproduct,thedevelopmentprocessisdividedintodifferentstages.Aconvenientwayofsplittingthewholeprocessistodividethedevelopmentintothefollowingfivestages:
RequirementsAnalysis&Specification:
definethesystemrequirementsindetail
Design:
specifysystemarchitectureandmodulesindetail
Coding:
producesourcecode
Testing:
dealwithunittestingandsystemtesting
Maintenance:
fixbugs,enhancefeaturesandadaptacrossplatforms.
Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassageA.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误)
1.Duringinitialdaysofthedevelopmentofsoftware,everythingwasdoneindiscipl
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