大作文讲义.docx
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大作文讲义.docx
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大作文讲义
大作文讲义
ByTeacherZhu
专题一、第一段套话如何描述
第一段的思路1
(1)全套
(2)半套+描述1(3)半套+描述2(4)全套
(1)全套:
Whoeverinfrontofthisimage(=Thosewhocatchsightofthispicture)willbemuch/highly/greatly/amused/interested/shocked/struck.
Howinterestingandenlighteningitis!
Nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernamongpeopleoveramuch-talkedsocialissue.
如今:
Inpresent-daysociety,incontemporarysociety,inrecentyears…
(2)半套+描述1
Whatisconspicuously/clearlyillustrated/presented/depicted/describedinthedrawingaboveisthat描述图画。
Itisgraphically/symbolically/explicitly/vividlyillustrated/demonstratedinthe图that描述图画.
Thecartoondepictsavividsceneinwhich=where+描述图画
Themoststrikingfeatureofthedrawingisthat…
(4)全套
Oddandfunny(根据自己情况任意替换形容词)asitseems/appearstobe/looks,such/thishappenings/practices/phenomena/stories/cases/eventsaresopervasive/widespreadthatwecan’taffordtoigore/disregard/overlook/paynoattentiontothem.
Oddandfunny(根据自己情况任意替换形容词)asitseems/appearstobe/looks,thedrawingobviouslyintendsfordeepermeaningsthanwhatisshownsuperficially.
Simpleastheimageseemstobe,theintended/impliedmeaninggoesfordeeper.
Uncomplicatedasthepictureis,thesymbolic/impliedmeaningisasdeep/profoundasocean.
Givenitsprofoundsocialimplication,thethought-provokingphenomenoniswellworthourendeavortoexplore.
Undoubtedly/Unquestionably/Incontrovertibly/Indisputably…
第一段的思路2
(1)半套+描述1
(2)半套+描述2
(1)Thecartoonsubtlyandsymbolicallydepictsathought-provokingscenarioinwhich描述1
(2)Furtherexaminationrevealsthat描述2
供参考的替换句型:
Thesatiricalsketchgraphicallydepictsasceneinwhich…
Itisgraphically/vividly/symbolicallyillustrated/demonstratedinthe图that…
Whatmakesthedrawingstriking/intriguing/compellingisthefactthat…
Themoststrikingfeatureofthedrawingisthat…
第一段的思路3
(1)半套+描述1
(2)半套+描述2(3)全套
Asisvividly/graphicallydepictedinthepicture,描述图画.Themoststrikingfeatureis(图画重点信息)Thereisnodoubtthatitssymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedshouldbegivendeepconsideration.
练习:
专题二、如何具体描写图画
1、主体(+定从)+动作+客体(+定从)
2、地点+动作+主体(+定从)
3、Thereis/are主体(+定从)
4、高手版:
非谓语动词做插入语
如何处理1个主体2个动作连用的情况
首先,找出所有动作,并区分出V主和V次
然后,保留V主,将V次加-ing
最后,变成“N,V次-ing,V主”的结构,其中,V次-ing做插入语,作为第一段的亮点。
链接真题:
05年:
一个可怜的老人像足球一样躺在图画中央。
他的孩子站在自己的球门口拒绝接受他。
06年:
一个年轻人把贝克汉姆的名字写到自己的脸上,另一个年轻人花了300人民币在剪一个小贝头。
07年:
守门员把自己想的如此渺小以至于对方的球随时可能进入自己的大门。
前锋认为守门员非常强大,自己无法攻破球门。
08年:
两个残疾人的腿绑在一起往前走,拐杖扔到一边。
提示告诉我们“只要相互协作就能走向世界。
”
09年:
一群年轻人在上网,通过网络他们和天南地北的人联系起来。
但是他们被小的房间分隔开,相互之间沟通很少。
专题三、中间段“天龙八部”
一、由浅入深(若有话写则坚决放弃。
)
Simpleasthe图is/are,theconnotationsubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwithmoreinsight/penetrationshouldinvolvemoreinsightfulanalysis.
Theconnotationbehindthe图,whichgoesfarbeyond,shouldbeanalyzedmoreinsightfully.
Thepictureseemstobehumorousatfirstglance/sight,butonsecondthoughts,youcanfindthefactthat…
二、深层含义(全段核心,全文关键)(这句才是关键)
(1)Thepurposeofthepictureistoinformusofthefactthatweshouldnotneglectthesignificanceof…
(2)Theuniquemetaphorinthisenlighteningdrawingendowsuswiththeconception/notionthat…
(3)Undoubtedly,thephotoshavesubtlyreflectedasocialphenomenonandremindusthesignificance/severityof
3、描述现象的句型:
调查句:
(1)Accordingtoasurveywhichisconductedbyafamousinternationalorgnization…
(2)Asisdemonstrated/revealedby…
(3)Itismanifestinarecentsurveythat…
(4)Asisproposedbymanyexperts…
……
现象句:
(1)Theincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewhodonottakecareoftheoldisaccelerating…
(2)Peopleinmountingnumber…
(3)Thereisanincreaseinthenumber…
……
关注句:
(1)…,whichhasarouseddeepconcern
(2)…,whichdeservesspecialattention
(3)…,whichmeritsattention
(4)…,whichhasbeeninthespotlightandarousedthepublicconcern
4.原因
(1)“原因如下”(过渡句)的表述:
1)Severalfactors,bothindividualandsocial,couldaccoutforthenegative/positivephenomenon.
2)Thereasonsforthephenomenonmaybecomplicated,butwecan,toalargeextent,ascribe/owe/attributeittothefollowinginterrelatedfactors.
2)法一:
因果链拓展法
1原因:
forthereasonthat
法二:
多个因果关系
双原因:
过渡句+原因1+原因2
过渡句:
Consideringeveryaspectoftheissue,wemayascribeitthefollowingtworeasons.
原因1:
Foronething,
原因2:
Foranotherthing,
5.后果/影响:
Inotherwords,
好:
influence
坏:
consequence
6.强行举例(举例论证)
1)itcanbebest/aptlyexemplifiedbythecaseof___,who___./bythefollowingcase.
7.调查句引出细节
8.总结
1)坏:
威胁性总结
2)好:
反面论证
迷茫句:
Inmyeyes,ifweletsuchasituationgoasitis/ifwecanhardlyrealizethesignificance,wedonotknowwhereoursocietyisinthefuture,atthattime,thewholesocietywillsufferagreatdistruction/wewillpayahighprice.
真题链接:
00年(美国小女孩穿着中国的传统的服饰!
)
第二段:
浅
(1)Whattheimpressivephotoconveysgoesfarfrombeyondanewfashiontrend.
深
(2)Instead,itcarriescultureimplicationsaswell.
现状+原因(3)Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessesthephenomenonthatforeignpeopleineverexpanding/increasing/mountingnumbersareattractedtothemysterioustraditionalChineseculture,forthereasonthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciated,andadvocatedinternationally.
影响:
Inotherwords,onenation’sdistinctiveculturecanbecomeinternationalthroughworld—wildeconomicandcultureexchang.
总结:
Sincethetrendofglobalizationseemsincreasinglyfar-reaching,cultureexchangescaneffectivelyandefficientlyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.
练习:
专题四、第三段写法
(1):
如果为中性或积极话题
Toconclude,itisessentialforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromtherevealingphotos/drawings/pictures/cartoons.
总之,我们有必要从发人深省的图画/图片/照片/漫画中吸取积极示意。
Foronething,societyasawholeshouldforgeanobjective(constructive/wholesome)atmosphere;
一方面,社会作为一个整体应该打造一种客观(富有建设性的/健康的)氛围;
Foranother,individualsshouldalsoestablishacorrectoutlook.
另一方面,个人亦应该树立正确观点。
Onlyinthiswaycanweexpecttoheadforabrilliantfuture.
只有这样我们才能期盼朝向辉煌的未来迸发。
(2):
如果为负面社会问题型话题
Consideringtheseverity(seriousness)ofthephenomenonpresentedinthese(this)photo(s)/drawings/pictures/cartoons,itisimperativethatdrasticmeasuresbeimplementedtoreversethetrend.
有鉴于在这(些)图片/图画/漫画中所展示出的严峻性,采取严厉措施以逆转该趋势已势在必行。
Foronething,thegovernmentshouldtakethelegislativeinitiativestopreventtheill-practicefromfurtherspeeding;
首先,政府应该采取法律手段去避免这种错误做法进一步蔓延。
Foranother,thepublisshouldbeeducatedtoenhanceawareness.
此外,公众应被教育区提升意识。
Onlyinthiswaycanweexpecttoheadforabrilliantfuture.
只有这样我们才能期盼朝向辉煌的未来迸发。
注意:
常见结尾句型
总结性句型
Basedontheabovereasons,IfirmlybelievethatChinawillexperienceastageofcontinuous,steadyandhealthyexpansioninthecomingyears.Inthelongrun,itisevidentthatChinawillbecomemuchstronger,andtheChinesewillliveabetterlifethanever.
Itisonlywhenpeoplebecomethemastersofthecountrythatsciencecanservethepeople.
Inoneword,protectingnaturalresourcesisthesameasprotectingourmankind.
……
建设性句型
Tosolvethisproblem,acombinedeffortisreallyverynecessary.First,…Second,…Lastbutnotleast,…
Toimprovesollegeentranceexaminationsystem,Isuggestthefollowingsteps.
ThebestwaytosolvethisproblemIthinkistogiveyoungpeopleopportunituiestodothingsindependently.
…
号召性句型
Itishightimethatparents,educatorsandthegovernmentmadecombinedeffortstoputanendtothissituation.
Fromnowon,letustakeactionstohealourglobe,andcleanupourenvironment!
Someday,peoplesinallnationswillbeenvelopedwiththeblueskyandgreenlands.
…
警示性句型
Astheissueofcensusplayssuchanimportantrolebothinoursocietyandlife,dueattentionshouldbepaidfromthegeneralpublicaswellasthegovernment.
Ifwecontinueourcrimesagainstthesecreatures,wewillberememberedascruelandinhumanbythegenerationsofthefuture.
…
展望性句型
Justimaginehowgreattheworldwouldbeifonlywewouldhavegreaterconcernforourfellowmen.
Ifirmlybelievethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.
Ibelieveahappyandbrightfutureisawaitingusifwemakeeveryefforttopromoteculturaldevelopmentbothnationallyandinternationally.
…
专题五、内容攻略
思考现象的原因与结果,建议措施与意义的角度与原则
角度一:
向里看:
有几个事件参与者,就有几个因果
如:
(1)溺爱子女---父母:
只有一个孩子,不明白正确的教育方法
子女:
过分依赖
(2)大学生就业难---大学生:
没有认真学习
企业:
要求过高
。
。
。
角度二:
向外看:
看事件参与者以外的事物(包括第三方与家庭、社会)
考研作文中命题人设置的社会特征是:
竞争激烈,压力巨大,氛围和谐,道德良好,秩序正常
如:
(1)溺爱子女---父母怕子女承受过多的压力
(2)要不要回报---与社会和谐相矛盾!
(很多可以套:
如浪费,假货,盗版)
(3)浪费的危害---浪费资源违背道德影响正常的生活
角度三:
分情况
如考研热的原因:
Someundergraduateswanttohaveabetterjobaftergraduation.Sincethejobs’requirementsaremorerigidthaneverbefore,amaster’sdegreeholderwillsurelyseizemorevaluableopportunitiestogetsuchaposition.Othercandidateswhohaveworkingexperienceareeagertoupdatetheirknowledgetosatisfythedemandingjob.
找工作难的原因:
Somestudentsarepursuingtoohighagoalwhenseekingforjobs.Theycareaboutvariousfactorssuchassalaries,workingconditionsandsoforth,whichnarrowstheirchoices.Somemajorswhichthestudentsstudyoncampuscanhardlysatisfytherequirementofjobs.Suchstudentscanhardlyfindfaborablepositions.
(一)Money原则,如:
浪费:
beextravagant,lavish,waste
旅游业的利弊:
earnalotofforeigncurrencytopreservetraditionalculture
兼职的好处:
easethefamilyoffinancialburden…
(二)Health原则,如:
吸烟:
身:
posepotentialriskstoourhealth
心:
becomeaddictiveandcanhardlyresistthetempatation
压力大:
heavypressure(chronicstress)mayresultinanxiety,depressionandmentaldisorder
锻炼的方法:
increasephysicalactivityandhaveamoreactivelifestyle…
专题六、中间段三剑客
三分天下详解图:
1.深
2.过渡句:
Thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitconveysthefollowingthreelayersofconnotations.
3.Initially,(
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