陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解6.docx
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陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解6.docx
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陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解6
陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解(6)及答案
【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】C
IoncehadahouseguestfromCuba. Duringhisvisit,Ihappenedtothrowanoldbrokenblender(搅拌机)inthetrash.Thenextdayitwassittingonmycounter–inworkingorder.Inhisworld,peoplesimplycannotaffordtoreplaceanitemwhichdoesn'tworkproperly.Theytakethetimeandfigureouthowtofixit.InCuba,theyarestilldrivingcarsfromthe1960’s,mainlybecausetheydonothaveachoice.
Incontrast,theU.S.isa“throw-awaysociety.”StatisticsshowthateachAmericanproducessixpoundsoftrashperday. Ibelieveacombinationoffactorshascontributedtothisphenomenon.
“Plannedobsolescence(废弃)”isnotasecret.Itisamanufacturing(制造业)philosophydevelopedinthe1920’sand1930’s,whenmassproductionbecam
epopular. Thegoalistomakeaproductorpartthatwillfail,orbecomelessdesirableovertimeorafteracertainamountofuse.Thispressurestheconsumertobuyagain.
Plannedobsolescencedoeskeepcostsdown. Insteadofmakinganexpensiveproductthatwilllastalongtime,bus
inessesproducemoreaffordable,disposable(一次性的)items.Someelectronicitemshavebecomesoinexpensivethatitischeapertoreplacethemthantorepairthem.
Busypeopleoftenvaluetheirtimeandconveniencemorethanmoney.Ifacarstartstohavemechanic
alproblems,replacingitwithanewer,morereliablemodelmaybemoreappealingthantoleratingitbeinginthegarageforaweek.
Inaddition,advertisingtrainsconsumerstowantwhatisnewandimproved.Itconvincesthemthatthemoretheyhave,thehappiertheywillbe.
Unlikepeopleinmanydevelopingcountries,weliveinaworldofabundance.AstudybyDr.TimothyJonesoftheUniversityofArizonaalsofoundthatintheU.S.,40-50percentofallfoodreadyforharvestiswasted. AbundanceandwastesoonbecamecloselyassociatedintheAmericanwayoflife.
64.InCuba,peopleusuallyfixabrokeniteminsteadofbuyinganewonebecause__________.
A.wastingisprohibitedthereB.theyarepoor
C.theyareinterestedinfixingthingsD.theylivealow-carbonlife
65.Accordingtothearticle,plannedobsolescence___________.
A.beganbeforemassproductionbecamepopular
B.isintendedtoencourageconsumerstobuymorethings
C.resultsinhigherpricesofitems
D.requiresfactoriestoproducehigh-qualityproducts
66.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“throw-awaysociety”intheU.S.?
A.Peopleprefertobuyanewblenderratherthanrepairthebrokenone.
B.Alargequantityoffoodhasbeenwasted.
C.Peoplebelievethatthemoretheyhave,theha
ppiertheywillbe.
D.Peopleallholdthebeliefthatmoneycomesfirst.
67.Whatmaybethewriter’sattitudetowardsathrow-awaysociety?
A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Tolerant.D.Optimistic.
【参考答案】64~67BBDB68~71CBCC72~75BADB
【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】D
XI’AN –Chinahasintroducedvariousemergencyresponsesandlong-termmeasuresagainstairpollutioninthecentralandeasternregions.
Theairqualityindex(AQI)forXi’anreached500onWednesdayafternoon,atthetopoftheAQIscale,accordingtothenationalairqualitymonitoringwebsite.Xi’anweatherforecasterspredictthesmog(雾霾)willcontinueforthenextweekandairpollutionmayworsen.
“Ihavetokeepbuyingmasksformyfamily,”saidLiu,buyingmasksatapharmacy(药店)nearherhomeindowntownXi’an.“Thisistheonlythingwecandotoprotectourselves.”
OnWednesday,acitygovernmentemergencyresponseplanwasputintoaction,suspendingallconstructionandtakingatleast50percentofgovernmentvehiclesofftheroad.Powerplantsmustlimittheiroutputandreduceemissions.
Nearlyhalfthecountry,morethan100citiesin20provinces,hassufferedfromsmogsincelastDecember.Manyhavetakenaction,includingexperimentingwithartificialmethodstoreducesmog,limitingvehicleuseandfiningpolluters.
AssessmentsbasedonGDPalonewereabandonedlastmonthandmoreemphasishasbeenputonpublicwell-beingandtheenvironment.Whetherthemovewillbeeffectiveinforcinglocalgovernmentsconsiderenvironmentalissuesovereconomicgrowthremainstobeseen.Environmentalprotectionprofessionalsaredoubtfulabouttheimmediacyoftheeffectsofthesemeasures.
XiaoHang
anurbanresearcherattheChineseAcademyofSciences,saidittookLondon50yearstolosethemoniker(绰号)“foggyLondontown”,andLos
Angelesstillstrugglestocontrolitsphotochemical(光化学)smog.“Wecan’tignoreenvironmentalproblemsduringthedevelopmentprocessandChinahasalongwaytogo,”hesaid.
68.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?
A.AQIforXi’anreached500
B.Smogcrisistriesthelimitsofpeople’spatience
C.SmoggyChinesecitiestocleartheair
D.Dustmasksbecomehotsellers
69.Theunderlinedword“suspending”inParagraph4canbereplacedby________.
A.encouragingB.stoppingC.continuingD.expanding
70.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat_________.
A.Chinaistheonlycountrysufferingfromsmog
B.environmentalprofessionalsbelievetheairqualitywillsoonbeimprovedwiththesemeasures
C.assessmentsbasedonGDPalonewereharmfultoenvironmentalprotection
D.Xi’anwasthemostpollutedcityinChina
71.WhatXiaoHangsaidindicates_____________.
A.Londonstillhasseriousairpollutionafter50yearsofeffort
B.thedevelopmentofChinaismoreimportant
C.solvingenvironmentalproblemsrequiresgreateffort
D.it’snormalforChinatohaveenvironmentalproblems
【参考答案】68~71CBCC
【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】D
Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago,thegrouptowhichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining,thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-foodconceptsreachingthemarket,theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitth
efundsitrequired.
Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfrom them.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.
PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain’sownernowfavoredrebrandingSparrowasMarcy’srestaurants.Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess,ratherthancustomers’speedingpower.Finally,theowneracceptedhisidea.
Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-foodindustry.TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarie
tyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintensionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.
Pearsonalsomadeotherdecisions
whichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.Forexample,heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover(营业额).
Theseeffortspaidoff,andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated.
41.WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?
A.Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining
B.Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy
C.Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport
D.Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed
42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?
A.customersofSparrowrestaurants
B.Sparrowrestaurants
C.customersofotherfast-foodchains
D.otherfast-foodchains
43.ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?
A.Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic
B.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow
C.Tolearnaboutcustomers’spendingpower.
D.TomeetthechallengefromMarcy’srestaurants.
44.TheTVadsofSparrow________.
A.changedpeople’sviewsonpopstars
B.amusedthepublicwithoriginalsongs
C.focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproducts
D.influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience
45.WhatwasPearson’sachievementasaCEO?
A.HemanagedtopayoffSparrow’sdebts.
B.HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive
C.HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompany
D.HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees
【参考答案】41-45.CDABB
PassageTwenty(NCBinInterpol)
TheorganizationknowntotheworldasInterpolhassometimesbeendescribedasanoutfitofchisel-jawedgimlet-eyedcrimefighterswhoputtheirlivesinjeopardyeveryworkinghour.Lessflatteringly,Interpolhasalsobeendescribedasahugefilingcabinet,stuffedwithclerkschokingontheirownstatistics.
Aswithmostgeneralities,thereissometruthinbothstatements.Thereare,certainly,somegrimbattlersofcrimetobefoundworkingwithInterpol.Thereare,justassurely,thosedronesshufflingmountainsofpaperwhosecheeksaresallowfromindoor
life.Considerthecharismaofthenamealone:
INTERPOL,theinternationalpoliceforce.Continentsleapedinasinglebound,oceanscrossedinthespaceofabreath,villainswatchedbyeyesthatneversleep.Surprisingly,alotofithappensalmostthatway.
FourgroupscoordinateanddirecttheactivitiesofInterpol.OneofthemistheNationalCentralBureaus,orNCBs,bodiesdesignatedbythemembernationstoserveastheirlink
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