小学英语语法复习小结.docx
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小学英语语法复习小结.docx
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小学英语语法复习小结
英语复习小结
一、名词:
有可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词有单数、复数之分,
名词复数形式的构成规则:
(1)一般在名词词尾加“s”
如:
teacher—teachersegg---eggs
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es
如class---classesbox--boxesbus--buseswatch--watches
(3)以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i再加es
如:
story---storieslibrary---libraries,
dictionary----dictionarieshobby---hobbies
(4)以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v加es
如:
life---livesleaf---leaveshalf---halves
knife---kniveswolf-wolveswife---wives
(5)以o结尾的名词“黑人英雄喜欢吃芒果土豆西红柿”加es
hero---heroesmango---mangoesNegro---Negroes
potato---potatoestomato---tomatoes
其余加s(目前所学的词)zoo---zooskilo---kilos
radio—radiosphoto---photospiano--pianos
(6)不规则名词单复数形式
如:
child—childrenwoman---women
man---menfoot---feettooth---teeth
有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如Japanese,Chinese,sheep,
如:
Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.
people是集体名词复数还是people
2、不可数名词没有复数形式
不可数名词有:
(1)milk,water,juice,tea,ice;
(2)food,rice,meat,fish,chicken,bread,cheese
(3)paper,hair,time,money,homework,housework
不可数名词的数量常表示如下
twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheese
abagofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater
二、人称代词
人称代词包括主格和宾格。
主格在句中作主语,宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。
主格
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
我
我们
你,你们
他
她
它
他们
Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.
ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme?
Whatishedoing?
Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.
Shecan’thear.Thisdoghelpsher.
TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.
四.物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词后需跟名词,名词性物主代词后不用跟。
名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
我的
我们的
你的,你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.
Thisishisbag.=Thisbagishis.
Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.
Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.
Wesay“Thankyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.
三.动词过去式形式
规则动词的过去式构成
1.一般在动词词尾加ed
如:
work---workedplay---playedwatch--watched
1.以e结尾动词在词尾加d
如:
live---lived
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed
如:
study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
3.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed,
如:
stop---stoppeddrop---dropped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式
gowentcomecame
becomebecamebringbrought
saysaidputput
teachtaughtcancould
readreadgivegave
am/iswasarewere
dodidflyflew
havehadmakemade
runranseesaw
riderodewinwon
getgottelltold
eatatesendsent
taketookbuybought
sitsatmeetmet
writewrotedrawdrew
swimswamfindfound
drinkdrankwearwore
ringrangfallfell
四.现在分词形式也是动词ing形式
现在分词的构成规则
1.一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”
sleep---sleepinglook---lookingwear---wearing
send---sendingeat---eatingsing---singing
go---goingjump---jumpingplay---playing
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”
write---writingcome---comingride---riding
have---havingmake---makingshine---shiningtake---takingclose--closing
3.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”
get---gettingput---puttingsit---sittingrun---runningswim---swimmingskip---skippingshop---shopping
五.动词第三人称单数形式
动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1.大多数动词在词尾加“S”.
stop-stopsmake-makesread-reads
play-playssay[sei]-says[sez]
2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”
fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries
3.以“s,x,sh,ch,o”结尾,在词尾加“es”.
teach-teacheswatch-watchesgo—goesdo--does
六.在英语中表示“两者之间的比较”时,形容词要用比较级形式。
A.形容词的比较级构成规则
1.一般在形容词词尾加er
原级比较级原级比较级
youngyoungerlonglonger
oldoldertalltaller
strongstrongershortshorter
2.以e结尾的词直接加r
nice---nicer
3.有些形容词双写最后一个字母再加er
big---biggerthin---thinnerhot---hotter
fat---fatterwet---wetter
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加er
busy---busiereasy---easierheavy---heavier
5.有些形容词在词前加more构成比较级
difficult---moredifficultinteresting---moreinteresting
dangerous---moredangerousbeautiful---morebeautiful
B.不规则变化
good---betterbad---worsemany/much---more
C.比较级句型中常用than进行比较
如:
CircleAisbiggerthanCircleB.圆A比圆B大
LinglingisbetterthanDaming.
AmyistallerthanLingling.
七.Therebe句型意思是“有”。
表示某地或某时间有某物或某人。
Thereis后加单数名词或者不可数名词。
Thereare后加可数名词的复数形式。
Therebe后有多个名词时,采用就近原则,与第一个名词保持一致。
否定句在is,are后加not。
一般疑问句把is,are提到句首.
肯定回答Yes,thereis.或者Yes,thereare.
否定回答No,thereisn’t.或者No,therearen’t.
Therearetenpencilsinthebluebox.
Thereweren’tanybusesmanyyearsago.
ThereisaChinatowninNewYork.
Therewasasmallhousefouryearsago.
Thereissomewaterinthebottle.
TherearelotsofChineseshopsthere.
TherearelotsofbicyclesinChina.
There’sChinesedancing.
---Istherealetterforme?
---Yes,thereis.
Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.
八.情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形
否定句在can,could后加not
cannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’t
一般疑问句把can,could提前到句首。
IcanwriteEnglish.
Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.
Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.
Wecan’tgonow.Ican’twriteChinese.
Ican’tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan’thearhim.
Shecouldn’tseeandshecouldn’thear.
Canyouswim?
Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.
CanyouspeakEnglish?
CanIwritetoyourfriends?
CanyoubemyChinesepenfriend?
Yes,ofcourse.
九.havegot意思是“有”第三人称单数形式hasgot
否定句在have,has后加not
一般疑问句形式把have,has提前到句首
I’vegotlotsofstamps.
Ihavegotsomechopsticks.Ihaven’tgotabasketball.
DaminghasgotaChinesekite.It’sgoteightmillionpeople.
Beijing’sgotaboutfourteenmillionpeople.
HaveyougotanystampsfromChina?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t
HaveyougotabookaboutAmerica?
十.a,an意思是一个,一只……等。
辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用an
ahotdogacaranhouranicecreamanappleanorange
anegganemailananimalanelephant
十一.1.表示方位时,在某一范围之内用in
NewYorkisintheeastofAmerica.
SanFranciscoisinthewestofAmerica.
QingdaoisintheeastofChina.
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.It’sinthenorthofChina.
HainanisinthesouthofChina.
2.询问职业身份时可以用What+am/is/are+主语?
WhatamI?
Areyouateacher?
Yes,Iam.
Whatareyou?
Iamadoctor.
Whatisyourfather?
Heisapoliceman.
3.动词做主语常用动词ing形式。
Collectingstampsismyhobby.
Readingismyhobby.Flyingkitesismyhobby.
4.apictureof一张……的图片
It’sapictureoftheGreatWall.
ThisonehasgotapictureoftheGreatWallonit.
5.喜欢做某事likedoingsth.
Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikesplayingthetrumpet.
Ilikereadingandswimming.
6.too当“也”用时,放在句尾。
Thecolaisfalling,too.
too还可以当“太”讲It’stoobigforyou.
toomany太多Therearetoomanybooksonthedesk.
7.Thankyoufor…….
Thankyouforyouremail.Thankyoufortalkingtous.
8.Whatabout……?
等于Howabout……?
后加名词,代词宾格,动词ing形式。
Whataboutchopsticks?
Howaboutyou?
Whataboutswimming?
9.some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中
Iamsendingsomephotos.IcanspeaksomeEnglish.
ThesearesomestampsfromCanada.
Thereweren’tanytelevisionsmanyyearsago.
HaveyougotanyAmericanstamps?
10.let’s等于letus后加动词原形
Let’sgo.Let’ssendanemailtoDad.
11.许多的lotsof等于alotof后加复数名词或者不可数名词
many后加复数名词much后加不可数名词
lotsofpeoplelotsofmistakesmanybooksmuchmilk
12..在星期几,具体的某一天用on
IhadaveryfunnydayonSaturday.
onTeachers’DayonFlagDayonThanksgivingDay
13.在某年,某月,某季节,在上午,下午,晚上用in
inOctober2003in1809inspring
inthemorningintheafternoonintheevening
14.球类前不加the,乐器前加the
Damingisplayingthetrumpet.Icanplaytheviolin.
I’mgoingtoplayfootballwithmyfriends.
16.be动词包括am,is,are.用法我接am你接are,is跟着他她它。
单数不可数用is,复数用are.
IaminClassOne.YouareinClassTwo.HeisinClassThree.
Ourpicniciswet.Mynewspaperisflyingaway.
Theseducksareverynoisy.Theorangesarefalling.
Thesepostcardsaregreat.
17.想做某事wanttodosomething
Whatdoyouwanttoeat?
Whatdoyouwanttodrink?
DoyouwanttogotoChinatown?
Iwanttogoswimming.
想让某人做某事wantsomebodytodosth
Iwantedyoutobringthebaseballcaps.
Iwantyoutobemyfriends.
18.look表示看,看起来lookat表示看某物某人
see表示看见lookoutof往……外看
Look!
Heisrunning.Itlooksgood.Icanseeyou.
Wearelookingatsomeducks.Iamlookingoutofthewindow.
Lookatthisone.
19.名词所有格表示某人的,一般在名词词尾加’s.
I’mmakingDaming’sbirthdaycard.
ThisisLingling’sbag.
20.在某一时刻用at
Wearegoingtohaveapartyathalfpastsix.
21.thesameas与……一样
LineAisthesameasLineB.
22.waitfor….等候某人某物Waitforus.
23.should应该shouldn’t不应该后加动词原形
Youshouldeatfruit.Youshouldn’twalkintheroad.
24.说某种语言用speak
WearegoingtospeakChinese.IcanspeakEnglish.
HecanspeakFrench.
25.询问天气用What’stheweatherlike?
或者Howistheweather?
描述天气用动词或者be+表示天气的形容词
It’sgoingtosnowinHarbin.It’sgoingtorainsoon.
It’sgoingtobesunnytomorrow.
26.givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.给某人某物
PleasegivethesepencilstoAmy.=PleasegiveAmythesepencils.
Hegivespresentstothechildren.
GrandmagivesDamingapresent.
27.---Happybirthdaytoyou.---Thankyou.
28.---Thankyouverymuch.---Youarewelcome./That’sallright.
29.---I’msorry.---Itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright.
That’sallright.=That’sokay/OK.
30.---Nicetomeetyou.---Nicetomeetyou,too.
31.---Howareyou?
---I’mfine,thankyou.
32.---Howdoyoudo?
---Howdoyoudo?
33.---Wouldyouliketocometoschoolwithus?
---Yes,I’dloveto.
34.---Wouldyoulikesomejuice?
---Yes,please.
---Wouldyoulikesomebread?
---No,thanks.
35.---What’sthedatetoday?
---It’sJune1.
36.---CanIaskyousomequestions?
---Yes,ofcourse.
37.---What’sthetime?
=Whattimeisit?
(几点了?
)---It’ssix.
38.---Goodmorning.---Goodmorning.
39.---Goodafternoon.---Goodafternoon.
40.---Goodevening.---Goodevening.
41.---Goodbye.---Goodbye.
42.It’stimeto
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