大学英语英国文学选读.docx
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大学英语英国文学选读.docx
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大学英语英国文学选读
Preface(TheDevelopmentofBritishLiterature)
1.EarlyandMedievalLiterature(5thcentury-1485)
2.ThePeriodofEnglishRenaissance(theendof15thcentury-thebeginningof17thcentury)
3.17thCenturyLiterature
4.ThePeriodofEnlightenment(theendof17thcentury-themiddleof18thcentury)
5.EnglishRomanticism(1798-1832)
6.TheAgeofRealism(1830s-1918)
7.TheAgeofModernism(1918-1945)
8.ContemporaryBritishLiterature(1945-)
Unit1GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)
Livedinthe14thcentury
Thegreatestwriterinthiscenturyandthe14thcenturyisusuallyknownas“TheAgeofChaucer”
Wasacclaimedas“fatherofEnglishpoetry”
◆LiteraryCareer
1.From1360to1372(Frenchperiod)
Translations:
TheRomanceoftheRose
2.From1373to1386(Italianperiod)
Majorworks:
1380TheParliamentofFowls《百鸟议会》
1384TheHouseofFame《声誉之堂》
1385TroilusandCriseyde《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》
1386TheBookoftheDuchess《公爵夫人之书》
TheLegendofGoodWomen
3.From1387to1400(Englishperiod)
Masterpiece:
TheCanterburyTales
1700lines—abouthalfofChaucer’sentireliteraryproduction
Thewholepoemisacollectionoftalesandstoriesstrungtogetheraccordingtoasimpleplan,whichshowstheinfluenceofBoccaccio’sDecameron.
◆ThePrologue
ThePrologueisasplendidmasterpieceofrealisticportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Weseethewholecavalcade,asitridesoutonafinespringmorning.
ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections.(preference)
◆Comments
ChaucermakesEnglishthelanguageofliterature.Thelanguageheused,knownasMiddleEnglishnow,isvividandsmooth.
Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishpoetryisthathegreatlyenrichedtherhymeschemesbyintroducingfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypes.
◆Terms
IambicPentameter:
五音步抑扬格Itreferstoapoeticlineconsistingofmetricalfootinpoetryconsistingofoneshortorunstressedsyllablefollowedbyonelongorstressedsyllable.
HeroicCouplet:
英雄双韵体Itreferstoapairofrhymediambicpentameterlines.Astanzacomposedoftwoheroiccoupletsiscalledaheroicquatrain.
Alliteration:
头韵Itreferstotherepetitionofsimilarsounds,usuallyconsonantsorconsonantclusters,inagroupofwords.Sometimes,thetermislimitedtotherepetitionofinitialconsonantsounds.
Unit2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)
WilliamShakespeareisthemostpopularandmostwidelyrespectedwriterinallEnglishliterature.
ComedyTragedyHistoricalPlay
38/39plays;154sonnets;2narrativepoems
Twotragedies:
RomeoandJuliet;TheLifeandDeathofJuliusCaesar《凯撒大帝》
Greattragedies:
Hamlet,PrinceofDenmark
ThetwolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrecewererespectivelypublishedin1593and1594.
HisSonnetswerepublishedin1609.Theyaredividedintotwogroups.Oneisabouttheconflictedloverforayoungmanofsuperiorbeautyandtheotherabouttheuncontrollableloveforamysterious“darklady”ofirresistiblebeauty.
◆Hamlet
HamletisconsideredtobethesummitofShakespeare’sart.
HamletistheprofoundestexpressionofShakespeare’shumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife.
MajorCharacters:
Hamlet,theGhost,Claudius,Gertrude,Rosencrantz,Guildenstern,Polonius,Ophelia,Laertes
◆SomeoftheProblemsTroublingHamlet
1.HisfatherwasmurderedbyhisunclewhohasbecomethekingofDenmark.
2.Hismotherwasmarriedtohisunclerightafterhisfather’sdeath.
3.TheGhostofhisfatherurgedhimtoseekrevengeforhismurder,butHamletwasnotquitesurethattheghostwashisfather’sspirit,forhefeareditmighthavebeenadevilsenttotormenthim.
4.HisformerfriendsRosencrantz&Guildensternweredispatchedbythekingtospyonhim(Abetrayaloffriendship!
Asahumanistheattachedgreatimportancetofriendship).
5.HisgirlfriendOpheliawassentasatooltofindoutwhetherornothewasreallymad(Abetrayaloflove!
).
◆WhatdoyoulearnaboutHamlet’smentalconflictandcharacterthroughthissoliloquy独白?
FurtherAnalysis
Inthissoliloquy,Hamletisdetached,reflective,analyticandmoral.Histhoughtswerephilosophicalratherthanpractical;hisconcernswereonthenatureofthingsratherthananyspecificplansforactions;hisfeelingswereofadeepsorrowovertheinjusticeandvanity,“aseaoftroubles”whichbroughtpainsintohumanlife.Hismelancholyandprocrastinationarealsorevealed.Hereheisponderingonthequestionoflifeanddeath.
Heisthinkingofcommittingsuicide.Buthehesitatesforhedoubtswhetherdeathcangivehimrestandpeace.Besides,heisnotsurewhethertheworldofdeathwouldbebetterthanthisone.Hegivesthereasonswhyhewantstocommitsuicide.
Apartfromhispersonalrevenge(Hehasn’tmentioneditinthissoliloquy),hecannotbearthesocialinjusticesandgrievances.Heisconsciousofhisownweaknessofthinkingtoomuchwhichmakeshimdilatory,allowingmanyopportunitiestoslipaway.
◆Sonnet
Afourteen-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.
ItincludesthreeQuatrainsandaconcludingCouplet,withrhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.
Eachquatraindealswithadifferentaspectofthesubjectandthecoupleteithersummarizesthethemeormakesafinalcomment.
Unit3FrancisBacon(1561-1626)
◆LiteraryCareer
Bacon’sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses:
thephilosophical,theliterary,andtheprofessionalworks.
1.Philosophicalworks:
1605TheAdvancementofLearning(inEnglish)
1620NovumOrganum(inLatin)
2.Literaryworks:
1597-1625Essays
(OfTruth,OfDeath,OfRevenge,OfFriendship)
3.Professionalworks:
1630MaximsoftheLaw
1642ReadingontheStatueofUses
◆OfStudies
“OfStudies”istheoneoftheshortest,butprobablythemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.
1.Itanalyzesthemajorfunctionsofstudiesandthedifferentwaysofpursuingstudiesbydifferentpeople.
2.Itprobesintotheeffectsstudieshaveuponhumancharacter.
3.Forcefulandpersuasive,compactandprecise,theessaybestrevealsBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.
Theessaystartswiththegeneraluseandbenefitsofstudies,namely,delight,ornamentandability.
Thenitgoesontorelatestudiestoexperienceandrevealsthemutual-promotingrelationbetweenthem.
Baconalsopointsoutthatstudiesneedtobetreatedproperlyandconductedinrightways.
Bydoingitright,hereckons,ourcharactersshallbeimprovedindifferentaspects.
ThewholeessayseemstobeamanifestooftheRenaissanceandadeclarationofthebeginningofthecomingAgeofReason.
◆Comments
BaconwasarepresentativeoftheRenaissanceinEngland.
Hewasaprominentphilosopherandscientistaswellasanessayist.
Hecontributedtothefoundationofmodernsciencewithhisscientificwayofthinkingandfreshobservationratherthanauthorityasabasisforknowledge.
AlthoughhewrotemuchinLatin,hewascapableofvariedandbeautifulstylesinEnglishandthereisapeculiarmagnificenceandpicturesque-nessinmuchofhiswriting.
ManyofhissentencesinEssayshaveassumedalmostthecharacterofproverbs.
HisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbecomealandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.
Unit7JaneAusten(1775-1817)
◆Mainworks:
《理智与情感》(SenseandSensibility,1811)
《傲慢与偏见》(PrideandPrejudice,1813)
《曼斯菲尔德庄园》(MansfieldPark,1814)
《爱玛》(Emma,1816)
《诺桑觉寺》(NorthangerAbby,1818)
《劝导》(Persuasion,1818)
◆PrideandPrejudice
Thewholestoryportrayslifeinthegenteelruralsocietyoftheday,andfocusesontherelationshipbetweenElizabethBennetandthehaughtyDarcy.Theirrelationshipbeginswiththeinitialmisunderstandingsandendswiththeirmutualenlightenment.Finallytheylearnthattheirfirstimpressions,basedonprideandprejudice,wereincorrect.
◆MajorCharacters:
Mr.Bennet+Mrs.Bennet
五个女儿:
Jane(Mr.Bingley);Elizabeth(Mr.Darcy);Mary;Kitty;Lydia(Mr.Wickham)
LadyCatherine(Mr.Darcy的姨妈)
Charlotte(Elizabeth最好的朋友,和Mr.Collins结婚)
◆人物分析
Mr.Bennett
Heisaqueer,sarcasticman.
Beingthefatherof5daughters,heisdestinedtheresponsibilityforthefutureofthem.Butwhenaprospectivecatchcomes,hekeepsreservedandcalm;heeventeaseshiswifeinconsideratelywhensheurgeshimtovisitthenewcomer.
ThisandhisotherodditiescanonlybeaccountedforthatMr.Bennettisregretfulforhisownmarriageandthusbecomeshesitantabouthisdaughters.Butheisnowatalosstohelpit,sincethereissuchagossipyandgarrulous(唠叨,爱管闲事的)wifeinthehouse.Thatiswhyherarelytalkstohiswifeasanequalandpreferstohavetheprivacyofhislibrary,hiscountryandhisself-entertainingirony.
Afterall,heisalivelycharacter.
Mrs.Bennett
Shefailsbyallrelevantcriteria.
empty-headed,snobbish,inconsiderate,ill-mannered,vulgar,foolish…
Shehasnofemininecharm.
Asaparent,sheispartlyresponsibleforthesuperficialcharactersofher3youngerdaughters.Lydiaisclearlyinhermother’smold.
Shethinksofmarriagemainlyasameansofsocialandeconomicadvancement.
Jane
TheeldestoftheBennettgirlshastwodistinguishingcharacteristics:
sheisverybeautiful,andsheisveryunperceptive,or,sheissopureofheartandmindthatshewillgotoanylengthnottobelieveevilofanyone.
Onthemostsuperficiallevel,theplotisthestoryoftheromanceofJaneandBingley;butactuallytheirstoryprovidesonlytheoccasionfortherealinterestofthenovel.
JaneandBingleyexhibitneitherpridenorprejudice.Thethemesofsocialstatusariseonlyindirectl
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