短暂动词与延续性动词.docx
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短暂动词与延续性动词.docx
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短暂动词与延续性动词
短暂动词与延续性动词
1.现在完成时的构成:
have/has+动词的过去分词
2.现在完成时的用法:
(1)表示某一动作或状态开始于过去并持续到现在现在。
(此种用法适用于延续性动词)
IhavebeeninNanyangforaround5years.
我在南阳大约有五年了。
(2)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果(此种用法适用非延续性动词)。
Ican’tgotoseethemovienow,becauseIhavelosttheticket.
现在我看不成电影了,因为我把票弄丢了。
3.现在完成时的标志:
just,already,yet,ever,never,
recently近来=inrecentweeks(months,years)在最近的几周(月,年)里,nowadays,for+一段时间,before(用于句子末尾);
sofar=uptonow=tillnow;since+过去某一具体时间点,since+过去的一段时间+ago,since+一般过去时从句,eversincethen=eversince=sincethen=since(自从那时起);in/over/during+the+past(last)+一段时间。
Eg.
OnJanuary11,1998,Dr.Katariaorganizedthefirst“WorldLaughterDay”celebrationinMumbai,India.Itwasahugesuccess.ThedatewaslaterchangedtothefirstSundayinMayandithasbeencelebratedeveryyearsince.
4.现在完成时中的特殊用法:
短暂动词的各种时态(包括现在完成时
在内)不能和时间段连用,当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性
动词。
注意:
短暂动词若用于否定句则可与一段时间相连用。
Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.我好久不见他了。
5.常见短暂动词转换成延续性动词的形式如下:
getlost---belostget/fallill---beill
getintouchwith---be/keepintouchwithgetto---bein/at
getinto---beingetintotrouble---beintrouble
getoutof---beoutofreach---bein/at
arriveat/in---beat/ingetup---beup
getmarriedtosb.---bemarriedtosb.
marrysb.---bemarriedtosb.
fallinlovewithsb.---beinlovewithsb.
fallasleep---beasleepmakefriends---befriends
buy/get/receive---havego/cometo---bein/at
goout---beoutgothere---bethere
goabroad---beabroadgotosleep---sleep
gotobed---beinbedfinish---beover
gotoschool---beastudent,beatschool
meet---betogetherwakeup---beawake
gettoknow---knowbegin---beon
catchacold---haveacoldborrow---keep
die---bedeadleave---beaway(from)
close---beclosedopen---beopen
join---beamemberof/bein
jointheParty---beaPartymember,beamemberoftheParty,beintheParty
jointhearmy---beasoldier,beinthearmy
become/get/fall+adj.orn.---be+adj.orn.
becomeateacher---beateacher
comeback/getback/return---beback
puton---wear/bedressedinstandup---stand
sitdown---sitliedown---lie
graduate=leaveschool---beawayfromschool
Notice:
凡是含有become,fall,go,get,join等的短语及其本身大都是短暂动词,它们的各种时态通常都不与一段时间相连用,把它们转化成延续性动词的方法一般是把含有这些词的短语变成含有连系动词动词be有关的短语。
6.三个特殊现在完成时短语的用法区别
have/hasbeento表示曾经去过某地但现在已经回来,可以和次数相连用但不能和一段时间相连用。
ShehasbeentoCubamanytimes.他去过古巴好多次了。
have/hasgoneto表示已经到某地去了,到现在还没有回来,它既不能和次数相连用也不能和一段时间相连用。
Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.Wherehashegone?
我好久不见他了。
他到哪去了?
have/hasbeenin表示在某地,它不能和次数相连用但可以和一段时间相连用。
ShehasbeeninCubaforalongtime.她在古巴有好长一段时间了。
一、用since或for填空。
(共15分,每小题1.5分)
1.Hisfatherhasbeendead______hewastenyearsold.
2.Hehasbeenawayfromthearmy______sixyears.
3.HehasbeeninBeijing______2003.
4.Hehashadacar______twomonths.
5.Hehaskeptthebook______thedaybeforeyesterday.
6.
(1)Katehashadanewbike______twodays.
(2)Katehashadanewbike______twodaysago.
7.
(1)AnnhaskeptintouchwithJane______sevenyearsago.
(2)AnnhaskeptintouchwithJane______sevenyears.
8.Myunclehasbeenintheparty______lastyear.
9.MyunclehasbeenamemberoftheParty______oneyear.
10.Ithasbeentenyears______wemetlasttime.
二、单项选择。
(共60分,每小题2分)
1.LucyandLily______Chinafor5years.
A.hasbeeninB.havebeeninC.havebeentoD.havegoneto
2.---Oh,you’relateagain.Thefilm______fortwentyminutes.
---Whatapity!
A.hasbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.havebeenon
3.Imustgohomenow.Ihavebeenawayfromhome______.
A.since9o’clockB.fortwohoursago
C.for9o’clockD.at9o’clock
4.---Mygrandpa______forsevenyears.
---I’msorrytohearthat.
A.diedB.deadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied
5.---Mrs.Green,yourhatlooksnice.Isitnew?
---No,I______itfortwomonths.
A.havehadB.haveboughtC.boughtD.had
6.Mrs.Kinghas______forover3years.
A.gonegotoabroadB.beentoabroad
C.goneabroadD.beenabroad
7.You______mybikefortwodays.Couldyoupleasereturnittomesoon?
A.haveborrowedB.havelentC.havekeptD.borrowed
8.---Doyouknowherwell?
---Sure,we______friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome
9.Maria______thispairofshoesforaboutsixyears.It’stoooldtowear.
A.hasboughtB.hashadC.boughtD.had
10.UncleChen______Shanghaiforfiveyears.
A.hasgonetoB.hasgonetoC.wentD.hasbeenin
11.Ihaveanicewatch.Ihavehadit______2months.
A.sinceB.inC.forD.after
12.Thefisherman______atthebankoftheriver______8o’clock.
A.hasbeen;forB.hascome;at
C.hasbeen;sinceD.came;since
13.Mr.Li_______England.He______Londonfortwoweeks.
A.hasbeento;hasbeentoB.hasgoneto;hasbeenin
C.hasbeento;hasbeeninD.hasgoneto;hasbeento
14.---Howlonghaveyou_______watch?
Itlooksnew.
---Onlyaboutthreeweeks.
A.hadB.boughtC.receivedD.borrowed
15.---Themissingboyhasn’tbeenfoundyet?
---Yeah,he______sincethreemonthsago.
A.lostB.hasbeenlostC.losthimselfD.haslosthimself
16.Mr.Lihas______forawholeweek.
A.gotillB.beenillC.gottenillD.fallenill
17.Ihave______intouchwithmyoldfriend,LiMingforanumberofyears.
A.beenB.keptC.AandBD.gotten
18.---Mr.Wilson______WuhanInternationalAirportforhalfanhour.
---Hasn’the?
Imustpickhimuprightnow.
A.hasgottentoB.hasgottoC.hasbeenatD.hasbeenin
19.---Ihave______thetrainstationfortwohoursandahalf.
---I’msosorryforhavingyouwaitforsolong.
A.reachedB.arrivedatC.beeninD.beenat
20.Haveyou______sincethebigfirehappened?
A.gottenupB.beenupC.gotupD.getup
21.Annhas______married______Krisforovernineyears.
A.gotten,toB.gotten,withC.been,toD.been,with
22.Annhas______inlove______Krisforalmosttenyears.
A.been,withB.been,toC.fallen,toD.fallen,with
23.---IsyourfatherstillinItaly?
---No,hehas______forabouthalfamonth.
A.comebackB.gotbackC.returnedD.beenback
24.---Howlonghaveyou______thisnewcoat?
---Foraboutthreedays.
A.putonB.beenonC.puttedonD.worn
25.I’msorryforhavingyou______hereforsolong.
A.standupB.tostandupC.standD.tostand
26.Sheilahas______onthesofawatchingTVforfourhours.
A.sittedB.sitedC.satdownD.sat
27.Ellionthas______onthebedforthewholemorning.
A.lainB.liedC.laydownD.lieddown
28.---Itelephonedyoulastnight.Butnooneanswered.
---Oh,I______forthewholenight.
A.wereoutB.wentoutC.havebeenoutD.havegoneout
29.---Haveyoumetyouruncle?
IhearheisalsoinNanjing.
---Yes.We______fornearlyaweek.
A.havemetB.havetogetherC.havebeentogetherD.met
30.---WhereisMr.Smith?
---Hehas______forhalfanhour.
A.gonetosleepB.beensleepC.gonesleepingD.slept
三、句型转换。
(共45分,每小题3分)
1.Hisgrandfatherhasdied.Hisgrandfather_________fortenyears.
2.Thefilmhasbegun.Thefilm_________for5minutes.
3.WuPenghasjoinedtheEnglishclub.
WuPeng____________theEnglishclubforamonth.
4.Thefactoryopened3yearsago.
Thefactory____________for3years.
5.Thebookstoreclosedlastmonth.
Thebookstore______sincelastmonth.
6.Iborrowedthebookthreedaysago.
I____________thebookfor3days.
7.Themanfellasleepinclassjustnow.
Theman________________for20minutes.
8.MissWangcametoourschoollastyear.
MissWang____________ourschoolforoneyear.
9.Bobbyleftourschoolat8o’clock.
Bobby_______________ourschoolsince8o’clock.
10.Igottoknowthebeautifulgirllastmonth.
I________________thebeautifulgirlsincelastmonth.
11.JimmarriedLucytwoyearsago.
JimandLucy________________sincetwoyearsago.
12.HecametoBeijingin2003.
He______________inBeijing_______2003.
13.Mrs.White’ssonjoinedthearmyin2008.
Hissonhas________________since2008.
14.IreceivedJim’spresentthreedaysago.
I____________hispresentforthreedays.
15.Iwenttoschoolaboutnineyearsago.
Ihave________________foraboutnineyears.
参考答案
一、since2.for3.since4.for5.since6.for,since7.since,for8.since9.for10.since
二、1.B2.C3.A4.C5.A6.D7.C8.C9.B10.D
11.C12.C13.B14.A15.B16.B17.C18.C19.D20.B
21.C22.A23.D24.D25.C26.D27.A28.A29.C30.D
三、1.hasbeendead2.hasbeenon3.hasbeenamemberof
4.hasbeenopen5.hasbeenclosed6.havekept
7.hasbeenasleep8.hasbeenin9.beenawayfrom
10.haveknown11.havebeenmarried12.hasbeen;since
13.beenasoldier/beeninthearmy14.havehad
15.beenastudent/beenatschoool
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- 短暂 动词 延续性