电气自动化专业英语.pptx
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电气自动化专业英语.pptx
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,高等职业教育自动化专业,“双证课程”培养方案规划教材,自动化专业英语,EnglishforAutomation,Contents,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1,Unit2,Unit3,Unit4,Unit5,Unit6,Unit7,Unit8,Unit9,Unit10,主编黄星王晓平副主编蒋凌张巍赵九九主审黄晶,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7,Unit8Unit9Unit10,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,ReadingAThemaincomponentsusedinelectronicsareoftwogeneraltypes:
passive(e.g.resistorsandcapacitors)andactive(e.g.transistorsandintegratedcircuits).Themaindifferencebetweenactiveandpassivecomponentsisthatactiveonesrequiretobepoweredinsomewaytomakethemwork.PassiveComponentsTheResistorAresistor(Figure1-1)isapieceofmaterialthatobeysOhmsLaw.Thenamecomesfromitsmainproperty;itresiststhe,allowingustocontrol,flowofchargethroughitself,the,hencecurrent.,Resistorscanbemadeofvariouskindsofmaterial,butwhateverthechoiceitmustconductsomeelectricityotherwiseitwouldntbeofanyuse.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Twowiresareconnectedtooppositeendsoftheresistor(Figure1-2).Whenweapplyapotentialdifferencebetweenthewireswesetupacurrentfromonewiretotheother,throughtheresistor.Thesizeofthecurrentisproportionaltothedifferenceinvoltagebetweenthewires.Theresistance(inunitsofOhms)isdefinedastheratiooftheappliedvoltage,V(inVolts),dividedbythecurrent,I(inAmps),producedbytheappliedvoltage.Thevalueisusuallydisplayedusingstandardcolourcode(Figure1-3).,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,TheCapacitorIfyoulookatacatalogueofelectroniccomponentsyoullfindanenormousvarietyofsizesandtypesofcapacitor.However,formostpurposeswecandividecapacitorsintotwobasictypes:
dielectricandelectrolytic.Acapacitoractsasachargestore(Figure1-4).Itcontainsapairofmetalplatesseparatedbyathinsheetofinsulatingmaterial.Theplatesareelectricallyneutral-thenumberofpositiveprotonsineachexactlyequalsthenumberofnegativeelectrons.However,ifweconnectwirestotheplatesandapplyexternalvoltagewecandragelectronsoffoneplateandpushthemontotheother.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Thistakesenergy,i.e.wehavetodoworkchargingthecapacitor.Theresultisacapacitorwithoneplatepositivelychargedandtheothernegativelycharged.Theenergyusedtomovechargeisstoredbythisimbalance.Ifweconnecttwoplatestogetherwitharesistor,theelectronsrushbackhomereleasingtheirenergyagain.Thevoltagebetweentheplatesofachargedcapacitorisproportionaltotheamountofchargemoved.Thecharge/voltageratioforanyspecificcapacitoriscalledthecapacitance(Figure1-5).TheDiodeThereareanumberofdifferentelectronicdeviceswhichtendtobecalleddiodes(Figure1-6).Althoughtheyremadedifferentlytheyallhavethreethingsincommon.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Theyhavetwoleadslikearesistor.Thecurrenttheypassdependsuponthevoltagebetweentheleads.TheydonotobeyOhmslaw!
Asanexamplewewilluseatypicaldiodecalledapn-junction.Thisallowsustoexplainbehaviorofdiodes.Remember,however,thatthereareothersortsofdiodeswhicharebuiltdifferentlybutshowthesamegeneralbehavior.Wecreateapn-junctionbyjoiningtogethertwopiecesofsemiconductor,onedopedn-type,theotherp-type.Thiscausesadepletionzonetoformaroundthejunction(thejoin)betweenthetwomaterials.Thiszonecontrolsthebehaviorofthediode.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,NotesWhenweapplyapotentialdifferencebetweenthewireswesetupacurrentfromonewiretotheother,throughtheresistor.本句是由Whenwe引导的时间状语从句。
本句可译为:
当在两导线间施加一个电势差时,就会有电流通过电阻器从一根导线传递到另一根导线。
Ifweconnectwirestotheplatesandapplyanexternalvoltagewecandragelectronsoffoneplateandpushthemontotheother.本句是由Ifwe引导的条件状语从句,wecandrag为主句部分。
本句可译为:
如果我们将导线连接到金属板上,并且外加电压,电子就从一块金属板扯拽到另一块上。
Thereareothersortsofdiodeswhicharebuiltdifferentlybutshowthesamegeneralbehavior.本句为简单句。
本句可译为:
还有很多种不同结构的二极管,但他们有相同的一般性能。
Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Exercise,EXERCISE1,statements,withT(True)orF(False)according,Markthefollowingtothepassage.,Activecomponentsaredifferentfrompassivecomponentsinsomewaytomakethemwork.TTheresistanceisoftenconsideredastheratioofthecurrent,I(inAmps).FIfwiresareconnectedtotheplatesandanexternalvoltageisappliedelectronscanbedraggedoffoneplateandtheyarepushedontotheother.TAlthoughdiodesaremadedifferentlytheyallhavethesameinthreeways.TSomeofdiodesaredifferentlyandshowdifferentbehavior.F,Unit1,Exercise,EXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.,耗尽层,EnglishforAutomation,有源元件,欧姆定律电势差,施加电压绝缘材料正质子电子器件,activecomponentsOhmsLawpotentialdifferenceappliedvoltageinsulatingmaterialpositiveprotonselectronicdevicedepletionzone,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,ReadingB,ActiveComponentsJunctionFieldEffectTransistorsJunctionfieldeffecttransistors(JFETs)comeintwoflavors,p-channelandn-channel(Figure1-7).Ineachcaseabar,orchannel,ofonetypeofsemiconductormaterialislocatedinsideabulkmaterialoftheotherkindi.e.pinsiden,orninsidep.Apairofmetalliccontactsisplacedateachendofthechannel.Whenweapplyavoltagebetweenthese,acurrentcanflowalongthechannelfromonecontacttotheother.Thecontactwhichlauncheschargesalongthechanneliscalledthesource;theonethateatsthemattheotherendiscalledthedrain.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Inann-channeldevice,thechannelismadeofn-typesemiconductor,sothechargesfreetomovealongthechannelarenegatively(hencen)charged-theyareelectrons.Inap-channeldevicethefreechargeswhichmovefromend-to-endarepositively(hencep)charged-theyareholes(Figure1-8).Rememberthataholeistheabsenceofanelectron.Ineachcasethesourceputsfreshchargesintothechannelwhilethedrainremovesthemattheotherend.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,BipolarTransistorABipolarTransistor(Figure1-9)essentiallyconsistsofapairofPNJunctionDiodesthatarejoinedback-to-back.Thisformsasortofasandwichwhereonekindofsemiconductorisplacedin-betweentwoothers.Therearethereforetwokindsofbipolarsandwich,theNPNandPNPvarieties.ThethreelayersofthesandwichareconventionallycalledtheCollector,Base,andEmitter.Thereasonsforthesenameswillbecomeclearlateronceweseehowthetransistorworks.SomeofthebasicpropertiesexhibitedbyaBipolarTransistorareimmediatelyrecognizableasbeingdiode-like.However,whenthefillingofthesandwichisfairlythinsomeinterestingeffectsbecomepossiblethatallowustousetheTransistorasanamplifieroraswitch.ToseehowtheBipolarTransistorworkswecanconcentrateontheNPNvariety.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Figure1-10showstheenergylevelsinanNPNtransistorwhenwearentexternallyapplyinganyvoltages.Wecanseethatthearrangementlookslikeaback-to-backpairofPNDiodejunctionswithathinP-typefillingbetweentwoN-typeslicesofbread.IneachoftheN-typelayersconductioncantakeplacebythefreemovementofelectronsintheconductionband.IntheP-type(filling)layerconductioncantakeplacebythemovementofthefreeholesinthevalenceband.However,intheabsenceofanyexternallyappliedelectricfield,wefindthatdepletionzonesformatbothPN-Junctions,sonochargewantstomovefromonelayertoanother.,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,Considerhappenswhen,nowwhatweapplya,moderatevoltagebetweentheCollectorandBasepartsofthetransistor.ThepolarityoftheappliedvoltageischosentoincreasetheforcepullingtheN-typeelectronsandP-typeholesapart(Figure1-11).ThiswidensthedepletionzonebetweentheCollectorandbaseandsonocurrentwillflow.Ineffectwehavereverse-biasedtheBase-Collectordiodejunction.TheprecisevalueoftheBase-Collectorvoltagewechoosedoesntreallymattertowhathappensprovidedwedontmakeittoobigandblowupthetransistor!
Exercise,EnglishforAutomation,Unit1,EXERCISE3,components,according,tothe,Choosetheinformation,bestelectronicgiven.,A.TransistorB.DiodeC.CapacitorD.ResistorE.ConnectorF.LED,C,E,B,F,D,A,Exercise,Unit1,EXERCISE4,Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalandthentranslatethemintocorresponding,work.ReadthemChineseterms.,A.C.A/DAFAFCAGCAM,EnglishforAutomation,AlternatingCurrentAnalog/DigitalAudioFrequencyAutomaticFrequencyControlAutomaticGainControlAmplitudeModulated,交流,数/模转换音频,自动频率控制自动增益控制,调幅,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,GlanceatthestructureThefollowingistheElectronicComponentStructure.Sample,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,ExplanationsoftheNPNTransistorTerms,Unit1,EnglishforAutomation,EXERCISE5,ComponentStructures.After,tochoosethesuitablewordsor,Thefollowingreadingthem,phrasesgiven,istheElectronicyouarerequiredbelow.,Emitter-BaseJunction(EBJ)Emitter(E),PNP,p-typeCollector-BaseJunction(CBJ)p-typeEmitterregionCollector(C),n-typeBaseregionBase(B),Unit1,1.,5.,9.,Emitter(E),EnglishforAutomation,2.p-typeEmitterregion,3
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