学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题 Unit5Educationalexchanges语法精讲.docx
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学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题 Unit5Educationalexchanges语法精讲.docx
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学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题Unit5Educationalexchanges语法精讲
Unit5Educationalexchanges
(2)
Date:
_______name:
_______
【语法专项】—现在完成时
一、概念:
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Shehasbeenillforthreedays.(她病了三天了。
)
2.表示过去发生的某个动作一直持续到现在,还有可能继续延续下去。
We'veknowneachothersincewewerechildren.(我们从小就认识。
)
IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.
二、构成:
(一)现在完成时由“助动词have,has+过去分词”构成
1.肯定句:
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其它
Ihavefinishedmyhomework.
注意:
have与has如何选择?
规律:
I/You/We/Theyhave=I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve
He/She/Ithas=He’s/She’s/It’s(第三人称单数用has,其余全用have)
2.否定句:
主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其它。
have/has与not
的缩写形式分别为haven’t和hasn’t.
Myfatherhasn’tcomebackyet.
3.一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其它…?
肯定回答:
Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:
No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
---Haveyoueverreadthisbook?
---Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
4.特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其它…?
Wherehaveyougonetoday?
(二)动词过去分词的构成规则
1.规则变化
1大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed
cleancleanedhelphelped
2以不发音的e结尾的,直接加-d
likelikedlivelived
3以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加ed
trytriedstudystudied
4重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的,需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.
planplannedstopstopped
2.不规则变化
seeseenfindfound
需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆
三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:
just刚刚yet仍然,还now现在lately最后
ever曾经today今天never从未before从前
recently最近already已经thisweek本周since自从
foralongtine很长时间了sincethen自那以来sofar到目前为止
inthepast/lastfewyears在过去/最近的几年
1.for+一段时间:
fortwohours
2.since+时间点:
since1999,sincelastyear
3.since+一段时间+ago:
sincetwodaysago
4.现在完成时+since+一般过去时
WehavelivedinShenzhensinceIwasborn.我自从出生以来,就住在深圳。
5.Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时
Itistwoyearssincehedied.=Hediedtwoyearsago.=Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.
四、already,yet,ever与never的含义及用法。
1.already“已经”;yet“尚未,仍未,还”;强调前不久完成的动作对现在产生的
影响,谓语动词使用非延续性动词。
already用于肯定句中,yet用于否定句和疑问
句的句末。
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经完成我的家庭作业了。
Hehasn’tcomeyet.他还没有回来。
Hasshefinishedcookingyet?
他做完饭了吗?
2.ever“曾经”,句中;never“从不”,表示否定,强调到目前为止的生活经历。
谓语动词用延续性动词。
Haveyoueverclimbthatmountain?
你曾经爬过那座山吗?
Ihaveneverbeenlateforschool.我从来没有上学迟到过。
3.already,ever与never应位于助动词have/has之后,主要动词之前。
五、现在完成时由短暂性动词变成延续性动词:
1.短暂性动词:
也称非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就
结束的动作,与时间点连用
常见的短暂性动词有:
come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,
lose,buy,fall,join,die,become,borrow,getup,marry…
2.常见的延续性动词有:
live,study,read,wash,do,write,sing,dacne,wait,sleep,
learn,stay…,与一段时间连用
3.必背的短暂性动词变成延续性动词:
1)die---have/hasbeendead2)buy---have/hashad
3)borrow---have/haskept4)begin---have/hasbeenon
5)open---have/hasbeenopen6)close---have/hasbeenclose
7)leave---have/hasbeenawayfrom8)comehere---have/hasbeenhere
9)moveto---have/haslivedin10)goto---have/hasbeenin
11)join---have/hasbeenin=have/hasbeenamemberof
12)marrysb/gotmarriedtosb---have/hasbeenmarriedtosb
13)finish---have/hasbeenover
eg:
1.Ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary.
Ihavekeptanewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays.
2.Hehasalreadydied.
Hehasbeendeadfortwentyyears.
3.TheyoungmanhasjoinedtheLeague.
TheyoungmanhasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.
TheyoungmanhasbeenamemberofLeaguesincetwoyearsago.
六、havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin三种结构的区别
1.havebeento去过某地(现已离开),可以与ever,never,once,twice等连用。
2.hasgoneto去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的路上或已在某地,总
之现在还未回来。
此句型一般用于第三人称。
3.havebeenin表示已在某地呆了多久,若该地为小地方则用at。
【语法专练】
一、把下面肯定句变成否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
1.Ihavedonemyhomework.
否定句:
_______________________________________
一般疑问句:
___________________________________
回答:
_________________________________________
2.Theplanehasarrived.
否定句:
_______________________________________
一般疑问句:
___________________________________
回答:
_________________________________________
二、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。
work___________________finish___________________
clean___________________climb___________________
change___________________live___________________
type___________________arrive___________________
marry___________________study___________________
visit___________________prefer___________________
plan___________________stop___________________
be___________________buy___________________
bring___________________come___________________
catch___________________do___________________
eat___________________fly___________________
forget___________________go___________________
get___________________have___________________
hear___________________keep___________________
learn___________________meet___________________
see___________________say___________________
spend___________________speak___________________
take___________________think___________________
win___________________write___________________
三、用since或者for填空。
1.IhavestudiedEnglish_______5years.
2.IhavestudiedEnglish_______5yearsago.
3.IhavestudiedEnglish_______2008.
4.Shehastaughtmath_________3years.
5.Shehastaughtmath_________3yearsago.
6.Shehastaughtmath_________2010.
四、根据现在完成时填空。
1.I_________already_________(see)thefilm.
2.---_________he_________(finish)hisworktoday?
---Notyet.
3.---________you__________(be)toHongKong?
---Yes,I_____________(be)theretwice.
4.Myfather__________just________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
5.---WhereisLiMing?
---He____________(go)totheteachers’office.
6.SofarI___________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.
7.---Howlong___________theWangs__________(stay)here?
---Fortwoweeks.
五、单选题。
1.---I'vegotthefinalHarryPotterbook.
---Youwillloveit.I________ittwicealready.
A.amreadingB.havereadC.wasreadingD.willread
2.---Whowillteach______oralEnglishnextterm?
Canitbeanewteacher?
---Perhaps.Butourheadteacherhasn'ttoldus______.
A.your;alreadyB.you;yetC.you;alreadyD.your;yet
3.MissLin______alotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.
A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo
4.Myauntisawriter.She______morethantenbookssince1980.
A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite
5.---______youever______thissong?
---Yes,Ihave.Itisverywonderful.
A.Did;hearB.Do;hearC.Have;hearD.Have;heard
6.---Doctor,Icaughtabadcold,andIhaveasorethroatnow.
---Howlong_____likethis?
A.didyouB.willbeyouC.haveyoubeenD.haveyougone
7.---Howcleanthebedroomis!
---Yes.Ithinksomeonemust_____it.
A.cleansB.cleanedC.havecleanedD.hascleaned
8.---Haveyouhadyourbreakfast,Nick?
---Yes,Ihavehadit_____.
A.yetB.everC.neverD.already
9.Mike_______theUSA.He________backintwomonths.
A.hasgoneto;comesB.hasgoneto;willbe
C.havebeento;comesD.havebeento;willbe
10.---Doyouknowhimwell?
---Ofcourse.We___________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.areD.hadbeen
11.---Ourcountry_________alotsofar.
---Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_________.
A.haschanged;betterB.changed;good
C.haschanged;goodD.changed;better
12.Haveyou______heardofDisneyland?
A.alwaysB.everC.neverD.sometimes
13.Ihave________finishedmyhomework.SoIcanhavearestnow.
A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet
14.Sheisagoodstudent,shehas______beenlateforschool.
A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet
15.Iamveryhungry,Ihaven’thadmybreakfast________.
A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet
16.---HowlonghaveMrandMrsSmith________?
---Formorethantwentyyears.
A.marriedB.hadmarriedC.gotmarriedD.beenmarried
17.---_______you______themagazinefromtheschoollibraryyet?
---Yes,I______itfortwoweeks.
A.Have,borrowed,havekeptB.Have,borrowed,haveborrowed
C.Did,borrowed,borrowedD.Did,borrow,havekept
18.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears.
A.died;deadB.hasdied;dead
C.died;hasbeendeadD.hasdied;hasdied
19.He_____fromthefactoryforaweek.
A.hasleftB.hasbeenawayC.didleaveD.willleave
20.---Oh,MrsKing,yourcoatlooksnice.Isitnew?
---No,I________itfortwoyears.
A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought
21.Ihave________Beijingthreetimes.
A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat
22.---WhereisMike?
---Hehas_______London.
A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat
23.Tonyhasnever_______China.HelooksforwardtocomingtoChina.
A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat
24.Lucyhas________Chinafor5years.
A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat
25.Theteacherhas________thevillagetoteachthepoorstudentsfor10years.
A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat
Unit5Educationalexchange
一.必背词汇及短语
(1)必记单词
1.educationaladj.有关教育的,有教育意义的2.exchangen.交流,互访
3.culturen.文化4.hostn.主人
5.localadj.当地的,地方的6.Britishadj.英国的
7.gladadj.高兴的,愉快的8.guestn.客人,宾客
9.chopstickn.筷子10.weekdayn.工作日
11.tourv.在….旅游12.fantasticadj.极好的的,了不起的
13.experiencen.经历,体验14.alreadyadv.已经
15.introducev.介绍,使尝试16.successn.成功
17.yetadv.尚未,仍未18.respectv.慎重对待,尊重
(2)重点词组
1.educationalexchange教育交流2.anexchangevisit一个交流参观
3.hostfamily寄宿家庭4.learntouse学着用
5.attheweekend在周末6.placeofinterest名胜古迹
7.afantasticexperience一次极好的经历8.atfirst起初,起先=inthebeginning
9.sofar到目前为止,迄今为止10.abitof小量
11.introduce…to..使…初次了解…12.aswell也
13.keepintouchwith保持联系14.takepartin参加
15.bethes
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