高考英语真题分类汇编专题16 阅读理解说明类教师版.docx
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高考英语真题分类汇编专题16 阅读理解说明类教师版.docx
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高考英语真题分类汇编专题16阅读理解说明类教师版
三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编
专题16阅读理解说明类
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·全国卷I,C】
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themaretisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—liefingerprintscans—toeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillepensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblemasmarteyboard.Thissmarteyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachey.Theeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyingthingslietheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweeneypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,theeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyetension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesaeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmarteyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecogniedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythattheeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercialieandismostlymadeofinepensive,plastic-lieparts.Theteamhopestomaeittomaretinthenearfuture.
28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmarteyboard?
A.Toreducepressureoneys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping
C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.
29.Whatmaestheinventionofthesmarteyboardpossible?
A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.
B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.
C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.
D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
30.Whatdotheresearchersepectofthesmarteyboard?
all1osoisgitieocooll.
A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.
C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.
31.Whereisthistetmostlielyfrom?
A.Adiary.B.AguidebooC.Anovel.D.Amagaine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
数据和身份盗窃变得越越普遍,目前,向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,它能给e-space用户带安全,而且这项技术也不贵。
28.D
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段的Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillepensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblemasmarteyboard.可知,研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。
故选D。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二段的Theeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyingthingslietheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweeneypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,theeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities可知,因为每个人的打字方式不同,使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。
故选C。
30.B
【解析】细节理解题。
根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomaeittomaretinthenearfuture.可知,研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。
故选B。
31.D
【解析】推理判断题。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,它能给e-space用户带安全,由此可知,本文是关于科技,结合所给选项可知,本文可能自于一本杂志。
故选D。
2.【2019·全国卷I,D】
Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjoes,whichallowedmetoeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolids.Theyroseintheransnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmoingcigarettes,breaingrulesandplayingjoesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
Popularityisawell-eploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategoriestheliableandthestatusseeers.Theliables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalsillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwor.Thenthere’stheindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescencestatusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.
Enviableasthecoolidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastliedinelementaryschool,are“mostlielytoengage(从事)indangerousandrisybehavior.”
Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteineaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastlied,themostliedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-liedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhileliabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."
Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,indness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmaeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
Inanalyinghisandotherresearch,Dr.PrinsteincametoanotherconclusionNotonlyisliabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beingliedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewindsoflifeeperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.
32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?
A.Unind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.
33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Theclassificationofthepopular.
B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.
C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalsills.
D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior
34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostliedids?
A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.
B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.
C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.
D.Theyperformedwellacademically.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetet?
A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLast
B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeer
C.BetheBest-YouCanMaeIt
D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲到研究表明,对别人好,讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
32.C
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjoes,whichallowedmetoeepmyhighsocialstatus(在美好的小学时光里,我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话,这让我保持了高高的社会地位。
)由此推断出,作者在小学早期时,是一个慷慨的女孩。
unind不友善的;lonely寂寞的;generous慷慨的;cool冷静的,故选C。
33.A
【解析】主旨大意题。
第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategoriestheliableandthestatusseeers.(临床心理学教授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。
)是段落主题句,本段内容分别对theliable和thestatusseeers做了解释,所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类,故选A。
34.B
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhileliabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment(它清楚地表明,可爱可以促使健全的调整),由此推断出,心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明,最有人望的孩子适应性更强,故选B。
35.A
【解析】主旨大意题。
通过阅读全文内容,尤其是最后一段,可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎,讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
与选项A“对别人好——最终,你的收获无穷无尽”一致,故选A。
4.【2019·全国卷II,D】
Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachwee.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?
It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolids.Butnotjustanyids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,lietheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYor.
HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystoillbacteriainerogravity,andtheythinthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreas.TheyhavetodoitjustlieNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.
“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomewor.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworingtowardsyourgoal?
’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”
GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifesills.“TheseidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitbac.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?
GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworablesolutiontotestinspace.
32.WhatdowenowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?
A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.
C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.
33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?
A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationsills.
C.Toallowstudentstoeperienceerogravity.D.Tolinspacetechnologywithschooleducation
34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?
A.Chectheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns
C.Adjustworschedules.D.Gradetheirhomewor.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetet?
A.NASATheHomeofAstronauts.
B.SpaceTheFinalHomeworFrontier.
C.NatureAnOutdoorClassroom.
D.HUNCHACollegeAdmissionReform.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。
本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术,把空间技术与带进课堂,与学校教育相结合,从而最终影响到大学入学。
32.A
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachwee.”可知,细菌对宇航员说是个令人讨厌的问题。
这种自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长,宇航员每周要花几个小时清理它们。
也就是说它们很难去掉。
其中的“themicroorganisms”包括“bacteria”。
由此可知,A项符合题意。
33.D
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第二段的“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystoillbacteriainerogravity,...”可知,Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起。
Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌,...”。
结合最后一段中的“GordonstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,...”可知,学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨(如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术)这个问题。
由此可推断出HUNCHprogram的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。
分析选项可
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