mba联考英语真题及答案.docx
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mba联考英语真题及答案.docx
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mba联考英语真题及答案
2019mba联考英语真题及答案
2019年管理类专业硕士学位联考英语真题及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark,A.B.CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That
conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.Ialsofoundweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchangesinweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve
and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.
Ialsousemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.A.Therefore
B.Otherwise
C.However
D.Besides
2.A.cares
B.warns
C.reduces
D.helps
3.A.solely
B.occasionally
C.formally
D.initially
4.A.lowering
B.explaining
C.accpeting
D.recording
5.A.set
B.review
C.reach
D.modify
6.A.depiction
B.distribution
C.prediction
D.definition
7.A.regardlessof
B.asidefrom
C.alongwith
D.dueto
8.A.rigid
B.precise
C.immediate
D.orderly
9.A.judgments
B.reasons
C.methods
D.claims
10.A.though
B.again
C.indeed
D.instead
11.A.track
B.overlook
C.conceal
D.report
12.A.approvalof
B.holdonto
C.accountfor
D.dependon
13.A.share
B.adjust
C.confirm
D.prepare
14.A.features
B.rules
C.tests
D.results
15.A.anxious
B.hungry
C.sick
D.bored
16.A.secret
B.belief
C.sign
D.principle
17.A.necessity
B.decision
C.wish
D.request
18.A.surprising
B.restricting
C.consuming
D.disappointing
19.A.because
B.unless
C.until
D.if
20.A.dominating
B.puzzling
C.triumphing
D.obsessing
PartA
SectionIIReadingComprehension
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy
researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishVaish,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness(thinkmania)canbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,and12.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions(likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecauseofourempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.
A.regulateachild’sbasicemotions
B.improveachild’sintellectualability
C.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings
D.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe.
A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeD.inexcusable
23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.
A.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
B.emotionsaresociallyconstructive
C.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
D.emotionsarecontext-independent
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
C.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions”(line4para5)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap--butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
California’splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat.
A.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto.
A.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
B.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
C.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
D.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
C.reducet
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