美英战术无线电通信装备的发展The development of American and British tactical radio communication.docx
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美英战术无线电通信装备的发展The development of American and British tactical radio communication.docx
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美英战术无线电通信装备的发展ThedevelopmentofAmericanandBritishtacticalradiocommunication
美、英战术无线电通信装备的发展(ThedevelopmentofAmericanandBritishtacticalradiocommunicationequipment)
DevelopmentoftacticalradiocommunicationequipmentintheUnitedStatesandBritain
Author:
anonymoussource:
theoriginalhits:
13updatetime:
2009-9-21
Theuseofmodernmilitarytacticalcommunicationsystemismainlydividedintotwoparts,oneforthemilitaryleveltotheregionalsystemofbattalionofvoiceanddatacommunication,theotherisacombatnetradiosystemusingthelowerechelonuntilclass.
Theregionalsystemissemi-automatic,highsecurity,andhastheabilitytowithstanddamage.Theyusuallyhaveshieldingcapability,andoperateatultrahighfrequenciesormicrowavefrequencies,andcanformhighcapacitypointtopointlinksusingdirectionalantennas.Combatnetworkradiosystemadoptsaloosestructure,composedofalargenumberofsinglemobilenetwork.Itusuallyworksinveryhighfrequencybands,encryptedwithpasswords,butinmorecases,itusesfrequencyhopping.
TheBritisharmyplanstoreplacetheoutdatedClansmanradiowithnewBowman,andtheUnitedStatesisplanningthefuturecommunicationsystem.
1thefutureradiosystemstressesweightreduction
Thecurrentresearchprogramfocusesmoreonreducingtheweightoftheequipment.Small,lightweightradiosmakeitpossibleforasinglesoldiertocarryaradiostation,andonlyprofessionaloperatorsusedtocarryradiostationsinthepast.Ifasmallradiostationischeaper,itispossibletohavearadiostationforeverycombatant.Pasttacticalradioswereaheavyburdenforoperators.BeforethePRC-77/VRC-64(likethefirstdeployment,duringtheVietnamWarisstillinproduction)alargerclassofportablewirelessradioperformancewithPRC-139(C)orLeikacompany(Racal)weighsonly1.36kggoblin(Leprechaun)
Theperformanceofaclassofsmallerradiostationsisquitethesame.
Reducingtheweightofradiostationshasbecomeagoalpursuedbymanymanufacturers.BritishRacalcompanyhasrecentlydevelopedanewtypeofwirelessstation,onlymorethanacellularphoneofslightlyheavierslightlylarger,theradiostationhasbeenlisted.Tadirancommunicationscompanyrecentlylaunchedahand-heldtypePRC-710weighslessthan700gramsofVHFradio,radiofrequencyhopping,withdigitalpasswordfunctionandwiththehighestrateof16thousandbit/sectosendvoiceanddigitaldatacapabilities.
Thearmy'sindividualradiostation(ISR)programchosethePRC-127Aradiostation.Thiskindofradiostationisaportableradiostationwithshortoperatingdistanceandonlysoundtransmission,anditsweightisnotmorethan850grams.TheinfantrycanbeusedforclassCommandandcontrol.Theradioworksoutsidethespectrumoftheexistingbattlenetradiosystem,withaminimumoperatingdistanceof200metersandamaximumoperatingdistanceof700meters,whichispoweredbyadisposablebatteryorrechargeablebattery.
ThePLApersonalcommunicationssystemisexploringthenextgenerationofwirelesscommunicationstechnology.Thistechniquemustbeabletoprovidetherelevantindividualsoldiersbattlefieldsituationinformationandthelowprobabilityofintercept,adaptiveradiocommunicationtechnologyistheresearchcanimprovetheabilityofantimultipathdistancecharacteristics,attenuation,blind,andpoorworkingenvironmentcaninterferewithinhibitionofcity,mountainandforestregionsgenerated.Inordertominimizetheprice,commercialcellularandpersonalcommunicationsystemsareneeded.
Twofactorslimittheextenttowhichthevolumemaydecrease.Oneisthecontrolknob,switchanddisplayphysicalsizemustbelargeenoughsothatinthewinterandinthenuclear,biologicalandchemicalwarfareenvironmentglovedstaffcanoperatesmoothly;anotherfactoristhebatterymusthaveacertainsize,inordertoprovideenoughpower.Thecurrentperformanceoflithiumionbatteriesistwotimesasmuchasthatofnickelcadmiumbatteriesusedbymanypopularradiostations.Theidealthingforsoldiers,too,isthattheradiohasenoughpowertocommunicatewiththeclass,thebatteryislight,theenergyisenough,andtheradioworksfor24hours.
2improvesafety
Atpresent,thesimplestapplicationalsorequirestacticalradiostationhastheabilitytoencryptpasswords.Evenifpotentialadversariesdon'thavetheabilitytomonitorunencryptedsignals,
Cryptographyisalsoseenasanessentialrequirementforanewlypurchasedradiosystem.
Safetyradiorecentlythereisafunctionoffrequencyhoppingpricesdecline,whilethesecurityradiofixedfrequencypricebasicallynochange,whichmakesitwithradiofrequencythepricedifferenceisgreatlyreduced,theprocurementofnonfrequencyhoppingradiocostsavingsareless.Leikacompanyfoundthat,inthepastfewyears,mostofthetraditionalfixedfrequencyradiocustomerstouseradiofrequency,sothecompanyisreadytograduallystopthenonhoppingradioproductioninthenearfuture.
3built-inGPSfunction
Anothertrendistheradiowirelessradioandsatellitenavigationdevicestogether,thebuilt-inGPSreceiverinstalledontheradio,ortheinstallationofexternalGPSradioreceiverintheinternalorexternalinterface.TheGPSsystemallowsthewirelessstationtodeterminetheirposition,andthepositionoftheradiocommunicationservicetodeterminethemostisautomatic,GPSsignalbeforeeachvoiceanddatainformationcanautomaticallyprovidelocationinformation,whichmakesuserscanconcentratecontentinformationuptothetactical.
RadiostationandGPSsystemcombinetoformasingledevice,alsohaverisk.Ifthekeyboardormonitorfails,itwillcausetheradioandGPStwosystemstostopworkingatthesametime.TheU.S.ArmywantstoinstalltheGPSdeviceonallfrontradiostations,whiletheUKonlyinstallstheGPSdeviceonthecommandradio.
4dualbandradiostation
Theideaofdualband(HF/VHForVHF/UHF)radiostationsisnotnew,butinthepast,dualbandswillsignificantlyincreasetheweight.ThePRC-70portableradioproducedbytheCincinnaticompanyisatypicaldualbandradiostationwithaweightofmorethan10kg.Thetraditionalviewoftheperformanceofdualbandradioprovidesisunnecessaryformosttacticalgroundusers,onlyspecialforces,infrontoftheaircrafttoguidestaffandpolicesupporttroopsaremajorusersofmultibandradio.
5datatransmission
Thedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyandsimulationtechnologyisnothighlysecurepasswordbasedsystemcanpromotethedevelopmentoftheradiotransmissionofdigitaldata,thedigitalinformationprocessingabilityisalsousedinotherformsofdigitalinformationtransmission.VHFradiolinktodayforinformationtransmission,varioustypesoftargetweaponsystemforexample,theBritishArmyusedSIEMENSPulaisaiproducedbigcrow(Raven)2Vradiostationfromharrow(Halo)collectionofremotesensorgunpositioningsystemthedatasenttothecommandcenter.
Usingdigitaldatainterfaceisrelativelystandard,forexample,export-orientedcompaniesusetheradioLeikaRS-232serialinterfaceiswidelyusedinthecomputerindustry,itsupportsWindows95informationsystem.
ThetribalradiostationcurrentlyusedbytheBritisharmyismainlyconcernedwithvoicetransmission,andlaterithaslimiteddatatransmissioncapability.Thedesignideaofthearcherradiostationisjusttheopposite.Themainconsiderationisthedatatransmissioncapability,andthevoicetransmissionisconsideredasthesecondbit.
Theservicetimeofthearcherradiostationhasbeenpostponedfrom1999to2002.Itisveryraretodelaytheservicetimeoftheprojectinordertoimprovethesystem.Accordingtotheoriginalidea,thearcherradiostationshouldhaverelativelymoderatedatatransmissioncapability,upgradeitinthemiddleoflifeandimprovetheoutputofdata,whichinvolveschangingthehardwareandthecostisrelativelylarge.Themainfeaturesofthecurrentdesignaredeterminedbysoftware,soitispossibletoadoptnewmodulationorotherusagecharacteristicswhenthesoftwareisupgraded.
Composedofl-carnitnecompanyandITTcompanyafewcompaniessuchasArchercommunicationsystemhaswon20millionpoundsinAugust1997toreducetheriskofthecontract,andofficiallyreleasedthearchersupplyandguaranteethetendercontractbook.Thevalueofthelattercontractisestimatedatabout1billion500millionpounds,
AndthensalestotheBritishMinistryofdefenceandoverseaswilleventuallyreach3billionpounds.
Thesubsystemsofthearchersystemareselectedbythecompetitionevaluationprocedure.Tworadiostationshavebeenselected.Oneistheenhancedarchersadvanceddigitalradio(ADR+)VHFtransmitterreceiver,whichisimprovedITTdefence,singlechannelgroundandairborneradiosystem(SincgarsSip)avariant,rateditsdatatransferrateis16thousandbit/sec,butbeforetheforwarderrorcorrection,canonlyreach9thousandand200bit/sec.Accordingtothearcherprogram,theUKwillmakeabout30thousandADR+.TheotherisaportableVHFtransmitterandreceiver(VPT),whichisatypeofgoblinLeikaRadioCorporation,willbeabout160thousandsetsofmanufacturinganddeployment.
Thenextradiostationtochoosewillbethehighfrequencyradio.About10thousandsetsofhigh-frequencyradio,LeikacompanyandHarriscompanywillbidforthesummerof1998,isscheduledtosignacontract,atthesametime,willalsoannouncethewinnerofthelocalsystemcommandlevel.Archercommunicationssystemswillalsocompetetoselectthesystem'shighcapacitydataradio(HDCR)andsmallersubsystemssuch
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