Unit13教学参考.docx
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Unit13教学参考.docx
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Unit13教学参考
Getfamiliarwiththewordsandexpressionslistedbelow,andthenmatchthemeaningdescriptionorsynonymwithaproperwordorexpressioninthelist.
穿透性疼痛
给药,用药
止痛药
麻醉药,镇定剂
减轻,缓解,解除痛苦
使成瘾的,上瘾的
抽痛的,抽动的
偏头痛
大气的,大气引起的
偶发的,插曲般的
5-羟色胺,血清素
收费,费用
生产率
概述
初级保健医生
实施,执行
准备就绪,
保守的
手术室
朝……去,走向
切口,切开
腹部,下腹
脊柱,脊椎
脊柱的
使虚弱的,使衰弱的
许多,大量
椎骨
滑落,打滑,衰弱
倒塌,崩溃
重新排列
使稳定,使固定
向周围扩展,辐射
踝,踝关节
椎间盘
压碎的,支离破碎的
坐骨神经
红外线的
插入,嵌入
螺丝钉
1.thepartofthebodyofavertebratecontainingthedigestiveandreproductiveorgans;thebelly
2.thelineofbonesdownthecentreofthebackthatprovidessupportforthebodyandprotectsthespinalcord
3.thejointbetweenthefootandtheleg,orthethinpartofthelegjustabovethefoot
4.medicineusedtoreduceorremovephysicalpain
5.tofalldownsuddenlybecauseofpressureorhavingnostrengthorsupport
6.tomakestable,tobecomestable
7.makingsomeoneveryweakandinfirm
8.causingorlikelytocausesomeonetobecomeaddictedtoit
9.toputsomethinginsidesomethingelse,ortoaddsomethingtosomethingelse
10.oneofthesmallbonesthatformthespine
11.todispenseorapplyaremedyordrug
12.arecurrentthrobbingheadachethattypicallyaffectsonesideoftheheadandisoftenaccompaniedbynauseaanddisturbedvision
13.acutmadewithaknifeduringasurgicaloperation
14.toputaplanorsystemintooperation
15.todrawthemainshapeoredgeofsomething
16.tomakeorbecomelesssevere,difficult,unpleasant,painful
17.apriceaskedforgoodsorservices
18.disposedtopreserveexistingconditions,institutions,etc.,ortorestoretraditionalones,andtolimitchange
19.toemitrays,asoflightorheat
20.alargenumberofquantity
abdomen
spine
ankle
painkiller
collapse
stabilize
debilitating
addictive
insert
vertebra
administer
migraine
incision
implement
outline
ease
charge
conservative
radiate
slew
Ponderoverthefollowingquestionsanddiscussbrieflyeachofthemwithyourdeskmates.
1.Whatkindofpainhaveyoueversuffered?
Toothache,headache,stomachpainorbackpain?
2.Whatispain?
Whatroledoespainplayinourlifeprocess?
3.Whataredifferencesbetweenacutepainandchronicpain?
4.Howdoespaininterferewithaperson’slifequality?
5.Whataresomeapproachestopainmanagement?
Listentoapassagethreetimesandwhilelistening,youaretoputthemissingwordineachnumberedblankaccordingtowhatyouhear.
Doctorsspeakofthreekindsofpain:
acute,chronicandbreakthrough.Acuteandchronicpaincanbe
(1)mildorsevere.Acutepainhappensfastandusuallylastsashorttime.Itgenerally
(2)reactstotreatment.
Butchronicpaincanlastalongtime.Chronicpainmaygoaway,butitoftencomesback.Itcanbehardto(3)treat.
Breakthroughpainisapainthat(4)strikessuddenly.Itmayendjustassuddenly.Anactivitycancausebreakthroughpain.Italsomayhappenasthe(5)effectsofaperson’slastmedicineareending.
Manydifferentdiseases,conditionsand(6)injuriescancausechronicpain,frombackproblemsto(7)burns.Cancerisoneofthosecauses,whetherfromthediseaseitselforfromitstreatment.
Researchpublishedmainlyin1973hadfound(8)proteinsonthesurfacesofnervecellsinthebrain.Thefindingsmadeitpossibletobetterstudypaindrugsandlearnhowthey(9)affectthebody.
Todaymanydoctorsorderpainmedicinesfordyingpatientstobegivenbeforesufferingtakeshold.Andmoremethodsof(10)administeringthemedicinesarenowavailable.Oneisapumpthatletspatientsgivethemselvespain(11)medicationsasneeded.Theycannotharmthemselvesbecausetheamountof(12)painkillerinthepumpiscarefullymeasuredandlimited.
Manydoctorsprescribenarcoticdrugsforpatientswith(13)lasting,severepain.Suchdrugsmayeasesuffering.Buttheycanalsobe(14)addictive.Theusermayneedincreasingamountstogetthesameeffect.
Listentoapassage“ChronicHeadaches”twice.Whilelistening,youaretotakenotesaccordingtothecuesgivenbelow.
1.ThenumberofAmericanswhosufferchronicheadaches:
45millionpeople.
2.Somepeopledescribeheadachesas:
Throbbing,causingpressureinthehead.
3.Threefactorsthatstarttensionheadaches:
Emotionalpressure,depressionandtiredness.
4.Durationofatensionheadache:
Fromahalfhourtoawholeweek.
5.Whatyoudoifyourpainistoosevere:
Youwillneedadoctor’sadvice.
Listentoeachsentence,repeatitaloud,listentoitagain,andthenwritedownthewholesentenceonthespaceprovided.Youwilllistentoeachsentenceforathirdtimetohaveacheck.
1.MigraineheadachescauseAmericanstomissatleast150millionworkdayseachyear.
2.Butmanyexpertstodayareworkingtowardcuresormajorhelpforchronicheadaches.
3.Eventsthatstarttensionheadachesmayincludeemotionalpressureandthedeeperthannormalsadnesscalleddepression.
4.Researchersblamedmuscletensionfromtighteningintheface,neckandtheskinontopofthehead.
5.Somescientistsnowbelievethattensionheadachesmayresultfromchangesamongbrainchemicals.
Watchavideoclip“PainPrevention”twiceanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsbelowisTRUE(T)orFALSE(F).
_F_
_T_
_F_
_T_
_F_
_T_
_F_
1.Morethan15,000,000adultAmericansexperiencesometypeofpain.
2.ThephysicalpaincoststheU.S.from$560to635billiondollarseveryyear.
3.Thecostcomesfromdirectmedicalexpensesinpainmanagement.
4.Federalgovernmentshouldplayaroleinthepreventionandtreatmentofpain.
5.Primarycaredoctorsareunabletoprovidepersonalizedpainmanagement.
6.Changesareneededtoimprovepainmanagementtrainingforhealthprofessionals.
7.Someoftherecommendationsareimpracticalandcannotbeimplemented.
Watchavideoclip“ANewSurgicalProcedureforBackPain”twiceandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsbelow.
1.Mostcasesofbackpainareresolvedwith_______.
A)conservativetreatments
B)anewsurgicalprocedure
C)muchslowerrecoverytimes
D)hospitalizationforafewdays
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofJennifer?
A)shehadanincisioninherabdomenforspinalsurgery.
B)Shehastwosurgicalproceduresintwodays.
C)Shehopesherlifecanmoveonwithspinalsurgery.
D)Shehassufferedbackpainfor46years.
3.Thenumberofspinalsurgeryisincreasingmainlybecause______.
A)Americanscannotbeardebilitatingbackpain
B)newsurgicaltechniquesspeeduprecoverytime
C)moreAmericanssufferfromseverenervepain
D)backpainkeepsmoreAmericansfromworking
4.ThesurgeryonJenniferinvolvesallofthefollowingEXCEPT_______.
A)relievingpressureonthenerves
B)realigninghervertebrae
C)removingl-4vertebrae
D)stabilizingthespine
5.WhywasTomCostello’slowerbackpainturningintoseverepain?
A)Hisdiskcollapsedandcrushedthesciaticnerve.
B)Hislowerbackpainradiateddownhisrightleg.
C)Hisrightkneeandanklewereseverelyinjured.
D)Hissittingandsleepingcrushedthesciaticnerve.
KeytoTask7
1.A2.D.3.B4.C5.A
ListentothefivesentencestwiceandinterpreteachintoChinese.
1.Doctorsspeakofthreekindsofpain:
acute,chronicandbreakthrough.Acuteandchronicpaincanbemildorsevere.Acutepainhappensfastandusuallylastsashorttime.
2.Somepeopledescribethepainasthrobbing,causingpressureinthehead.Otherscompareittosomeonedrivingasharpobjectintothehead.
3.Thepainmaycomeveryearlyintheday.Othersignscanincludepainintheneckorthelowerpartofthehead.Scientistsarenotsurewhatcausestensionheadaches.
4.Manydifferentdiseases,conditionsandinjuriescancausechronicpain,frombackproblemstoburns.Cancerisoneofthosecauses,whetherfromthediseaseitselforfromitstreatment.
5.Todaymanydoctorsorderpainmedicinesfordyingpatientstobegivenbeforesufferingtakeshold.Andmoremethodsofadministeringthemedicinesarenowavailable.
医生谈到的疼痛有急性、慢性和穿透性三种。
急性和慢性疼痛可以是轻度或重度的。
急性疼痛发生快,持续时间短。
有人把疼痛描述是抽动性的,造成头部的压力。
有人把它比作一个人用利器推入头部。
疼痛可能在一天很早就出现。
其他症状包括颈部或头下方疼痛。
科学家不能确定是什么导致紧张性头痛。
从背部问题到烧伤的许多不同的疾病、情况和损伤,可引起慢性疼痛。
癌症无论是疾病本身或其治疗,是其中的一个原因。
今天,许多医生对临终病人在疼痛开始前就用抗疼痛药物。
现在已有更多的给药方法可用。
Makedialoguesandconversations,usingtheChinesebelowascues.
A:
你有过疼痛的经历吗?
你对疼痛有所了解吗?
B:
像很多人一样,我有过不少疼痛的经历,如胃痛,头痛,牙痛或腰痛等。
简单地说,疼痛是一种因受伤或疾病引起的身体上十分不愉快的感觉。
A:
疼痛不仅给患者个人造成痛苦,还伤及到整个社会。
据美国医学研究所一份报告,疼痛每年对美国造成的损失在5500亿美元以上。
B:
这些损失不仅来自直接的医疗费用,还包括丧失工资和生产效率。
A:
在中国,疼痛是人们去看医生的最常见原因之一。
它是许多病情的主要症状,会大大影响一个人身体的一般功能和生活质量。
B:
所以,了解疼痛、预防疼痛和抗疼痛对促进公众健康,提升生活质量有着重大的意义。
A:
你认为在预防疼痛方面,可以做些什么呢?
B:
无论是普通百姓还是医学专业人员,都需对疼痛有更好的认识。
医学专业机构更应对疼痛的类型、成因、作用等做系统的研究。
A:
对疼痛机理的研究有了哪些上临床的应用呢?
B:
已经有了很多应用,包括新型镇痛药物,植入泵给药,皮肤药贴、针灸镇痛,手术治疗等。
所有这些临床应用的最终目的,是通过个性化治疗,来提高疼痛患者的生活质量。
Haveyouhadanyexperiencesofpain?
Whatdoyouunderstandastopain?
Likemanyothers,Ihavehadalotofexperiencesofpain,suchasstomachache,headache,toothache,lowerbackpain,etc..Toputitsimply,painisahighlyunpleasantphysicalsensationcausedbyillnessorinjury.
Paindoesnotjusthurtindividuals,buttheentiresocietyaswell.AccordingtoareportbytheInstituteofMedicine,paincoststheU.S.over$550billiondollarseveryyear.
Suchacostdoesnotjustcomefromdirectmedicalexpenses,italsoincludesthelossofwagesandproductivity.
PainisoneofthemostcommonreasonsforphysicianconsultationinChina.Itisamajorsymptominmanymedicalconditions,andcansignificantlyinterferewithaperson'sgeneralfunctioningandqualityoflife.
Soitisofgreatsignificancetounderstand,preventandco
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- Unit13 教学 参考