VOA听力9篇文章.docx
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VOA听力9篇文章.docx
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VOA听力9篇文章
1.FoodsandHealth
ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishHealthReport.
Expertssaythefoodpeopleeatgreatlyaffectstheirhealth.Theysaythatsomefoodsareespeciallygoodforpreventingdisease.
Manyfoodscontainsubstancesthatprotectagainsttissuedamage.Oneoftheseistomatoes.Thesubstancelycopeneisreleasedwhentomatoesarecooked.Lycopenehelpsreducetheriskofdevelopingcancerinthedigestivesystem,whichprocessesfood.
Thedarkgreenvegetablespinachcontainsfolicacidthatpreventsproblemsindevelopingfetuses.Italsolowersbloodlevelsofhomocysteine.Highhomocysteinelevelshavebeenlinkedtoheartattacksandstrokes.Anothervegetable,broccoli,canhelpprotectagainstcancersofthebreast,colonandstomach.
Oatshelplowerbloodpressureandprotectagainstheartdisease.Theyalsomayimprovethelevelsofsugarintheblood.Thisreducesthechanceofdevelopingthedisease,diabetes.
Fishthatcontainomegathreefattyacidshelppreventblockagesinthearteries.OmegathreealsolowersbadcholesterolandmayprotectbraincellsfromdiseaseslikeAlzheimer's.Fishthatprovidealotofomegathreeacidsaresalmon,herring,mackerelandbluefish.
Garlicmayhelpprotecttheheartbyreducingcholesterolandmakingthebloodlesssticky.Healthexpertsalsosuggestcookingwitholiveoilbecauseitalsohasbeenshowntohelppreventcancerandheartdisease.
Studiesshowthatdrinkinggreenteamayhelppreventcanceroftheliverandstomach.Greenteaalsoslowsthegrowthofbacteriainthemouth.Blueberrieshavebeenshowntohelpprotectagainstheartdiseaseandcancer.Theycanalsohelppreventsomeinfectionsbypreventingthebacteriafromattackingthebladder.
Expertssaytheskinsofredgrapescontainsubstancesthatincreasethegoodkindofcholesterolintheblood.Togetthisprotection,youcandrinkredwine...butnotmorethanafewglassesaweek.Drinkingtoomuchalcoholcanbedangerous!
Eatingtoomuchchocolatecanincreaseweight.Butrecentstudieshaveshownthatsubstancesinchocolatecanhelppreventheartattacksandcancer.Theyhavealsoshownthatchocolateisnotasbadfortheteethashadbeenthought.Theexpertssaythebestchocolatetoeatisthedarkkindbecauseitcontainsthemosthealthfulsubstances.
ThisVOASpecialEnglishHealthReportwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.
2.StudyofCousinsWhoMarry
ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishHealthReport.
Sometimespeoplewhoarefirstcousinsgetmarried.Twopeoplearefirstcousinsiftheirmothersaresisters,ortheirfathersarebrothers,orone'smotherandtheother'sfatherarebrotherandsister.Americanresearchersnowsayitisnotasdangerousashadbeenthoughtforfirstcousinstohavechildren.
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Anewstudysaysthatfirstcousinsareonlyalittlemorelikelythanotherstohaveachildwithaseriousphysicalormentalproblem,orageneticdisease.Itsaysthechancethatachildofunrelatedparentswillbebornwithaseriousproblemisbetweenthreeandfourpercent.
Theriskforfirstcousinsisincreasedbybetweentwoandthreepercent,toasmuchassevenpercent.Oneresearchersaysthismeansaboutninety-threepercentofthechildrenoffirstcousinsarenormal.
Thesmallincreaseinriskexistsbecausepeopleinthesamefamilymaycarrythesamegenesthatcausedisease.Scientistssayatleastfive-thousanddiseasesarecausedbythesegenes.Ifbothparentshaveaharmfulgene,itismorelikelythatthegenewillbepassedontotheirchild.Peoplewhoarenotrelatedsharefewergenes,sotheirchanceofpassingsuchasicknessontotheirchildrenislower.
AcommitteefromtheNationalSocietyofGeneticCounselorsreportedtheresultsoftheirinvestigationin"TheJournalofGeneticCounseling."ThegroupexaminedsixmajorstudiesdonebetweenNineteen-Sixty-FiveandTwo-Thousandinvolvingthousandsofbirths.Thegroupbegantheinvestigationafterlearningthatsomegeneticcounselorsgavewronginformationtopeoplewhowantedtoknowiffirstcousinscouldsafelyhavechildren.
Thegroupsaidinitsreportthatnogenetictestsareneededbeforefirstcousinshaveachild.TheirreportalsonotedthatAmericansfearsuchmarriagesmorethanpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld.
Marriagesbetweenfirstcousinsareillegalinatleasttwenty-fourAmericanstates.However,nocountriesinEuropehavesuchlaws.AndmarriagesbetweencousinsaredesirableinmanypartsoftheMiddleEast,AfricaandAsia.TheresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatsuchlawsintheUnitedStatesshouldbechanged.
ThisVOASpecialEnglishHealthReportwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.
3.Walking
ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishHealthReport.
Researchersagreethatintensephysicalexerciseisnottheonlywaytogainbetterhealth.Studiesshowthatwalkingseveraltimesaweekcanlowertheriskofmanydiseases.Theyincludeheartdisease,stroke,diabetes,boneloss,arthritisanddepression.Walkingalsocanhelpyouloseweight.
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Fastwalkingisgoodfortheheart.Itlowersthebloodpressure.Itraisestheamountofgoodcholesterolintheblood.Researcherssaywalkingcanreducetheriskofsufferingaheartattackbyasmuchasfiftypercent.
StudieshaveshownthatwalkingforthirtyminutesadaycandelayandpossiblypreventthedevelopmentofTypeTwoDiabetes.Itcanpreventdiabetesamongpeoplewhoareoverweightandatriskforthedisease.
Walkingstrengthensthemusclesandbuildsupthebonestowhichtheyareattached.Studiesshowthatwomenwhowalkedandtookcalciumdecreasedtheirriskofdevelopingosteoporosisorthinningofthebones.Walkingalsohelpseasethepainofarthritisinareaswherebonesarejoinedbystrengtheningthemusclesaroundthebones.
Walkingseveraltimesaweekisagoodwaytocontrolyourweightandevenlosebodyfat.Studiesshowitalsohelpseasedepression,feelingsofextremesadness.
Expertssaywalkingisoneofthesafestwaystoexercise.Thereisalowriskofinjuries.Soitisgoodforpeoplewhoarestartinganexerciseprogramforthefirsttimeandforolderpeople.
Awalkingprogramiseasytostart.Youshouldwearlooseclothesandgoodshoes.Shoesdesignedforwalkingarebest.
Youshouldstretchthemusclesinyourarms,legs,andbackbeforeandafteryouwalk.Stretchingisanimportantpartofanyexerciseprogram.Ithelpspreventinjuryandmusclepain.
Howfastshouldyouwalk?
Youshouldbebreathinghardwhileyouarewalking.Yet,youshouldbeabletotalk.Letyourarmsmovebackandforwardatyoursideswhileyouwalk.
Therearenorulestostartingawalkingprogram.Youmaywalkshortdistances.Oryoumaywalkuphillstostrengthenyourlegmuscles.Healthexpertssayyoucangainthemostfromawalkingprogramifyouwalkaboutfivekilometersanhourforthirtyminutesaday.Youshoulddothisaboutfivetimesaweek.
ThisVOASpecialEnglishHealthReportwaswrittenbyLawanDavis.
4.TobaccoandCancer
ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishHealthReport.
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ArecentreportbytheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthedangersoftobaccosmokearegreaterthanhadbeenthought.
TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerispartoftheWorldHealthOrganization.ItisbasedinLyon,France.Theagencyresearchesthecausesofcancer.Itidentifiesthenumberofpeoplewhodevelopcanceraroundtheworld.Anditdevelopsprogramsaimedatfindingwaystopreventthedisease.Thenewreportispartofaserieswrittenbyindependentinternationalexpertsonthedangersofdifferentchemicals.
Acommitteeoftwenty-nineexpertsfromtwelvecountriesdevelopedthereport.Thesescientistsexaminedmorethanfiftymedicalstudiesconcerningtobaccosmoking.Thegroupsaysthattobaccouseisthelargestcauseofpreventablecancersaroundtheworld.Expertssaythatmorethanone-thousand-millionpeoplearoundtheworldsmoketobacco.
Thereportsaysthatone-halfofallpeoplewhosmokecigaretteswilldiefromdiseasescausedbysmokingtobacco.Theseincludecancersofthelung,stomach,liver,kidneyandblood.Thereportalsosaystobaccousecausesanevengreaternumberofdeathsfromlungdiseases,heartdiseaseandstroke.
Thereportsaysotherkindsoftobaccousealsoincreasethechancesofdevelopingcancersofthelung,headandneck.Theseincludesmokingcigars,pipesandbidis--tobaccorolledinaleafthatispopularinSouthAsia.
Thereportalsosaysthatpeoplewhosmokeendangerthehealthofnon-smokerswhobreatheintobaccosmoke.Thesenon-smokersarebreathinginasmalleramountofcancer-causingchemicalsthanactivesmokersget.Butitisstillenoughtocausedeadlylungcancer.
However,thescientistsfoundnoincreasedriskofcanceramongchildrenwhobreatheinthissecond-handsmoke.Buttheysaytheydonotknowthelong-termeffectoftobaccosmokeonchildrenastheygrowolder.Thescientistsalsosaytheirresearchfoundthatsmokingtobaccodoesnotcausesomekindsofcancer.Thereisclearevidencethatsmokinghaslittleornoeffectondevelopingbreastcancerorprostatecancer.
ThisVOASpecialEnglishHealthReportwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.
5.AddictionandGirls
ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishHealthReport.
AstudyintheUnitedStatesfindsthatgirlsandyoungwomenusetobacco,drugsandalcoholfordifferentreasonsthanboys.Itsaysyoungmalesgenerallyusealcoholordrugsforexcitement.Ortheythinkitwillmakethemmorepopular.Youngfemales,however,mayhopetofeelhappierorreducetensionorloseweight.
TheNationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuseatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkreleasedthefindings.Thecenterchairman,JosephCal
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