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论文
2014届本科毕业论文
从目的论角度探讨旅游景区公示语的英译
姓名:
系别:
外语学院
专业:
英语
学号:
指导教师:
2014年4月
OnC-EtranslationoftourismsignsfromtheperspectiveoftheSkoposTheory
by
ZhengPeipei
ShangqiuNormalUniversity
April2014
摘要
随着中国经济的快速发展,中国旅游业更加对外开放。
现如今,中国旅游景区公示语的英译越来越受到中外翻译家和广大游客的关注并日益成为社会的焦点。
本文首先叙述了旅游公示语的定义,分析了其主要功能,即指示性,提示性,限制性与强制性。
然后介绍了目的论及其三原则,最后基于目的论的三大法则,探讨中国旅游景区公示语的英译策略和技巧。
关键词:
旅游公示语;目的论;英译,策略
Abstract
WithfastingdevelopmentofChineseeconomy,thereformofChinesetourismindustrybecomesmoreandmorewider.Nowadays,thetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspotsisincreasinglyconcernedbytranslatorsfromhomeandabroadandtouristsandgraduallybecomesaheatedandhighlightingtopicinsociety.Thispaperfirstlypresentsthedefinitionoftourismsignsandanalysizestheirmainfunctionsnamelyinformativefunction,instructivefunction,regulatoryfunctionandwarningfunction.AndthenitintroducestheskopostheoryanditsthreerulesandfinallydiscussesstrategiesandskillesofC-Etranslationofpublicsignsintheplacesofinterest,basedonthreeprinciplesoftheskopostheory.
Keywords:
tourismsigns;theskopostheory;C-Etranslation;strategies
Contents
摘要I
AbstractII
ContentsIII
1Introduction4
2OverviewofTourismSigns4
2.1DefinitionofTourismSigns4
2.2FunctionsofTourismSigns4
3TheSkoposTheory6
3.1ABriefIntroductiontotheSkoposTheory6
3.2ThreeRulesoftheSkoposTheory6
4TranslationStrategiesUndertheGuidanceoftheSkoposTheory7
4.1Borrowing8
4.2Imitating8
4.3Recreating10
5Conclusion11
References13
1Introduction
Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofChineseinternationalizationandforeigntourism,moreandmoreforeigntouristscometoChinaforsightseeingtheplacesofinterest,whotakepublicsignsasanimportantwaytogettheinformationofscenicspots.ThetranslationofpublicsignsinscenicareashasaninestimablevalueonspreadingChinesecultureandboomingforeigntourism.Asafamoustranslatorsays,thetranslationoftourismsignsislanguagetransformationintwokindsofculturalbackgroundandwithculturalandcommercialpurposes.(Nord,Christiane.200l:
10-12)Besides,tourismsignsowndistinctlanguagefeatureswhichareconciseandcriterionalandsometimeswithgraphicrepresentations.Fromtheperspectiveofskopostheory,thispaper,basedontheanalysisoftourismtextresources,discussesthetranslationstrategiesoftourismsignssoastobuildagoodlanguageenvironmentinscenicareas.
2OverviewofTourismSigns
2.1DefinitionofTourismSigns
Tourismsignis“thecharacterandgraphicssymbolinformationopentoandinthefaceoftouristsinthescenicspotsincludingallguideposts,thesignsofpublicutilitiesandservices,practicaltips,notices,thecatalogofpricesofticketsandamusementservicesandvarioustipsandwarningsignswhicharedesignedandsettoensurethevisitorstourinaclean,safeandorderlyenvironment”.[translationmine](XueXiaocong,LiuXueandGaoLi.2011)
2.2FunctionsofTourismSigns
Publicsigns“areusuallyshortandbrief,aimingtoinform,instruct,compelorwarnsomethingthatiscloselyrelatedtoourdailylife,production,andexistence.Signsareanythingfromthesimplewaysofinformingtotechnologicallysophisticatedcommunicationofmessages.Signsinfluenceeveryone—tourists,drivers,shoppers,etc,whetherinthecourseofbusinessorentertainment”.(WangYing,LüHefa.2007)
根据这个定义,公示语有广泛的社会功能,,在社会政治、经济文化中发挥着管理、规范、协调、保障、稳定的作用。
旅游景区公示语是公示语的一部分,面对的人群更广泛,来自世界各地;具有特殊的目的,比如为游客提供便利,促进消费,传播中国特色文化,增大他们对中国名胜的喜爱欲望,产生呼吁、说服、劝阻作用.旅游公示语具有突出的功能。
Dueto
(1)informativefunction.Informativetourismsignsusuallyshow“static”senseandareusedjusttooffersomerelevantinformationofservicestopeoplewithoutanycoercion.Forexample:
“Entrance(入口处)”.Noticingthissign,touristscanenteracertainscenicspot.Therearesomeotherexamplessuchas“Exit(出口)”,“Tickets(售票处)”,“Information(问讯处)”,“TravelService(旅游服务)”.
(2)instructivefunction.Instructivetourismsignshave“dynamic”senseandgiveindicationstotourists.Theyareusedtoattractpeople’sattention,givereferencetothemandinstructthemtodosomethingwithoutanyforce.Touristscantakeactionaccordingtotheactualsituation.Forinstance:
thesign“Call110inEmergency(紧急时拨打110)”isoftenseenbesidelakes,whichusuallyindicatesthattheremaybeadanger.Touristscancall110toaskhelpwhencaughtinemergency.Herearesomemoreexamplessuchas“WetPaint(油漆未干)”,“Caution:
WetFloor(小心地滑)”,“OutofUse,PleaseUsetheOtherDoors(此门停用,请走侧门)”.
(3)regulatoryfunction.Thefunctionofthiskindoftourismsignsistoimposesomerestrictionsthatisaskingthemtoobeytherulesorregulationsinthescenicspotsontourists’actionstosomedegree.Theexpressionofsuchsignsisusuallyinastraightforwardwaywhichcommonlydoesnotmaketouristsfeelrudeandoffended.Forexample:
“KeepRight(右侧行驶)”,“FreeforChildrenunder12(12岁以下儿童免费)”,“Pleaseprotectpublicfacilities(请爱护公共设施)”,“Bequietplease(请保持安静)”.
(4)warningfunction.Warningtourismsignsusuallyshowanimperativetoneandtelltouristswhattheymustnotdo.Oncepeoplegoagainsttheinformationconveyedbythiskindofsigns,theywouldbefinedorpunished.Negativewordslike“No”,“Forbidden”,and“Prohibited”areusuallyusedinthesesigns.Whenreadingthiskindoftourismsigns,peoplewouldbeforcednottodosomething.Forexample,“NoSmoking(严禁吸烟)”,“NoEntry(禁止入内)”,“NoFishingHere(此处严禁钓鱼)”,“Don’tTouch(禁止触摸)”.
3TheSkoposTheory
3.1ABriefIntroductiontotheSkoposTheory
TheSkopostheoryisamethodoftranslationwhichwasproposedbyHansJ.VermeeranddevelopedinGermanyinthelate1970s.Itisthecoretheoryoffunctionalistapproachwhichbreaksthelimitationof“equivalencetranslation”andmakestranslationmorepossible.Theterm“skopos”whichcomesfromgreecemeansgoal,aim,purpose,intention,etc.Thetheory’scoreconceptisthattranslationisakindofhumaneactionwhichalwayshaspurposesandintentions.Therefore,theimplementationofthetranslationbehaviorisinordertoachieveaparticularpurposeorgoal,eventoproduceresultsandinfluencesinthetargetcontext.Thepurposethatthetranslationbehaviorreachesdeterminesthewholeprocessoftranslationactivity,thatistosay,theendjustifiesthemeans.(Nord.2001.p124)
3.2ThreeRulesoftheSkoposTheory
Fromtheviewpointoftheskopostheory,translationshouldabidebythreerules,namelyskoposrule,coherencerule,fidelityrule.
Skoposruleisthemostimportantruleintheprocessoftranslation.AccordingtoSkopostheory,theprimeprincipledeterminingtheprocessoftranslationis“thepurpose(Skopos)oftheoveralltranslationaction”(Nord,2001.p27).Thecardinalprinciplethatalltranslationactivitiesfollowis"skoposrule"whichisthatthetranslationshouldbeabletotakeeffectinthesituationandcultureoftargetlanguageandinawaythattargetlanguagereceiversanticipate.Theskoposrulereadsasfollows:
“translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninthissituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction”(Vermeer,HansJ.1990).
Coherencerulemeansthatthetranslationtextshouldabsolutelyconformtothestandardsofintra-textualcoherence,inotherwords,thetranslationtextshouldownthereadabilityandacceptability,canbeunderstoodbyreceiversandmakessenseinthecultureoftargetcontextandcommunicativecontextofusingthetranslation.JustasMundayputsit:
“thetranslationoftargettextmustbeconductedinsuchawaythatiscoherentforthetargettextreceivers,giventheircircumstanceandknowledge”(Munday,Jeremy.2001).
FidelityruleisputforewardbyChristianeNord,whichrefersthatthereshouldexistinter-textualcoherencebetweensourcetextandtargettext,thatis,thetranslationshouldbefaithfultotheoriginal(Nord,2001).Ontheonehand,thetranslatorshouldbemorallyresponsibileforthetargettextreceivers,andabsolutelyexplaintothemwhathedoesandthereasonfordoingthis.Ontheotherhand,fidelityrulerequiresthatthetranslatorshouldbeloyaltotheoriginalauthor.However,itisworthytomentionthattheformandthedegreefaithfultotheoriginaldependonthepurposeofthetranslationandtheunderstandingofthetranslatorfortheoriginal.(Nord,Christiane.2005.p42)
Asiswell-known,theaimoftranslatingtourismsignsistoconveytheexactinformationandculturetotourists.Theonlyfunctionoftheoriginalisapplyingthe“information”(HansJ.Vermeer.1996).Accordingtothethreerules,inordertorealizetheaimofthetranslationoftourismsigns,thetranslatorshouldchoosetranslatingskillsonthebasisoftheexpectedfunctionsofthetranslation,ratherthanthelinguisticformandthefunctionoftheoriginal.
4TranslationStrategiesUndertheGuidanceoftheSkoposTheory
Themainpointoftheskopostheoryisthatthepurposeoftranslationdeterminestranslatingmethodsandstrategies.Inordertobridgethegapoflanguageandculturebetweeneasternandwesterncountries,theskopostheorycombineslanguagefeaturesandtranslationstudies,andclassifiedthetourismsignsaccordingtotheirdifferentfunctions.Therefore,differenttypesoftourismsignsshouldadoptdifferenttranslationstrategiesandmethods.Somestrategieswillbediscussedindetailinthefollowing.
4.1Borrowing
Accordingtotheskopostheory,everytranslationhasapurpose,theC-Etranslationofpublicsignsinscenics
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