国际商务英语总复习资料docx.docx
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国际商务英语总复习资料docx.docx
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国际商务英语总复习资料docx
InternationalBusinessEnglish
Lesson1
InternationalBusiness
BusinessKnowledge:
Themajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness
A.Differencesinlegalsystems
B.Differencesincurrencies
C.Differencesinculturalbackground
D.Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions
Themajortypesofinternationalbusiness
A.Trade
a.Commoditytrade
b.Servicetrade
B.Investment
a.Foreigndirectinvestment
b.Portfolioinvestment
C.Othertypes
a.Licensingandfranchising
b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing
c.TurnkeyprojectandBOT
TradeTerms:
1.Customsarea关税区:
2.Conversion货币兑换
3.Visibletrade有形贸易:
Theformofcommoditytrade,i.c.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother,(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)
4.Invisibletrade无形贸易:
Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.
5.FDI夕卜国直接投资:
Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry・/P.256.Onecountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountiyfor
thepurposeofcontrollingandmanaging(hem.
6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:
Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling・
7.Stocks股票:
Capitalstocksorbonds.
&Bonds债券:
Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.
9.Maturity(票据等)到期
10.Certificateofdeposit人额存单
11.Licensing许可经营:
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry・Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.
12.Franchising特许经营:
Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty・
13.TradeMark商标
14.Patent专利
15.Royalty专利(许可)使用费,版税
16.Copyright版权
17.Licenser许可方
18.Licensee被许可方
19.Franchiser特许方:
Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty・
20.Franchisee被特许方:
Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanothe匚
21.Managementcontract管理合同:
Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume・
22.Valuechain价值链
23.Turnkeyproject"交钥匙”工程:
Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion・
p4.[bOT建设、经营和移交:
Build,Operate,Transfer
25.Expertise专门知识
26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴
27.Royalty许可使用费
2&Internationalinvestment国际投资:
Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountytoanother.
29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产
30.GATT关贸总协定:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade
31・Internationalbusiness国际商务:
Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport・
32.Intellectualproperty知识产权
33.Oildeposit:
石油储备=oilreserves
34.thereservesofnaturalresources自然资源储备
35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升,个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
Answerthefollowingquestions:
1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?
Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.
A:
Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport・
Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:
(1)Differencesinlegalsystems
(2)Differencesincurrencies
(3)Differencesinculturalbackground
(4)Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions
2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?
A:
Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade・Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurancc,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries・The
laterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.
3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?
A:
Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.
4.Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoriesofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?
A:
FDI(Foreigndirectinvestment)ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry・Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling・Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit・
5.Whatislicensing?
Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?
A:
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipornlanagcment.Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarriersonthepartofthehostcountry.
6.Whatisfranchising?
Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?
A:
Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenamcofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee・
7.Whatisamanagementcontract?
Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?
A:
Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume・Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets.
&Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?
InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?
A:
Foranintcrnationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperatesafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:
1・国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易,它涉及到许多因素,因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries・Ilinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness・
2•随着经济一体化进程的发展,很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此,在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的,这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrominternationalbusiness.Therefore,someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.
3•其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Otherformsforparticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufacturingandturnkeyproject.
4•国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现,即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.
5•除了国际贸易和投资,国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket・
Lesson2
IncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket
BusinessKnowledge:
(1)GNPandGDP
(2)PercapitaincomeandpercapitaGDP
(3)High-income,middleincomeandlow-incomecountries
A.Standardsforclassification
B.Representativecountries
(4)TriadandQuad
A.UnitedStates
B.WesternEurope
C.Japan
D.Canada
(5)OtherimportantmarketsforChina
TradeTerms:
1.GNP国民生产总值:
GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofancconomy.
2.GDP国内生产总值:
GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithin(hegeographicareaofaneconomy.
3・Nationalincome国民收入
4.Percapitaincome人均收入
5.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers・
6.PPP购买力平价:
Purchasingpowerparity
7.Consumcrism消费主义
&Incomedistribution收入分布:
Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople・
9.Infrastructure基础设施
1().Staplegoods人路货
11.Invoice(开)发票
13.OECD经合组织,经济合作与开发组织:
OrganizationforEconomicCooperationand
Development.
14.TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates独联体,独立国家联合体
15.ASEAN东盟,东南亚国家联盟:
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationals.
16.NIEs(亚洲四小虎):
NewlyIndustrializedEconomies
17.Factorsofproduction生产耍索
Answerthefollowingquestions:
LExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchangeabl
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