英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题及解析
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Wewantourchildrentosucceed,inschooland,perhapsevenmoreimportantly,inlife.Buttheparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.Considerthefindingthatworld-classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow-levelfigureskaters.Atfirstsightthisseemscontradictory.Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost?
Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple.Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice,attemptingjumpsthatstretchtheirlimitations.Thisiswhytheyfalloversooften,butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast.Lower-levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach.Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydoveryeasily,remainingwithintheircomfortzone.Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover.Inasuperficialsense,theylooksuccessful,becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet.Thetruth,however,isthatbyneverfailing,theyneverprogress.
Whatistrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife.JamesDysonworkedthrough5,126failedprototypes(原型)forhisdualcyclonevacuumbeforecoiningupwiththedesignthatmadehisfortune.Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning.AsDysonputit:
“Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”
Inhealthcare,however,thingsareverydifferent.Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure,partlybecausetheyhavehealthyegos(自我)(particularlytheseniordoctors)andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation(诉讼).Theconsequenceisthatinsteadoflearningfromfailure,healthcareoftencoversupfailure.Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakesarerepeated.AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety,400,000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror.Untilhealthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure,thingswillnotimprove.
Butletusreturntochildren.Oneofthemajormistakesineducationinthe1970swastheattempttoequipchildrenwithconfidencebygivingthemlotsofsuccesses(settingthebarverylow).Theconsequencewasthattheegoofkidsbecameboundupwithsuccess,andtheybecameunabletotakerisksandcollapsedassoonastheyhitaproperchallenge.
Weneedtoflip(翻转)thisapproach.Inacomplexworld,failureisinevitable.Itisthoseindividualsandinstitutionsthathavetheflexibilitytofaceuptofailure,learnthelessonsandadaptwhicheventuallyexcel(突出).
(1)Thequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisto________.
A. openupadiscussiononthetopic B. analyzethereasonforsuccess
C. expresstheauthor'sopposition D. doubttheabilitiesofthetopskaters
(2)Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(3)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Howwecanavoidfailureinlife
B. Whatweshouldlearnfromfailure
C. Whyfailureisthekeytoflyinghigh
D. Wherewefurtherimproveourselves
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Buttheparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.”可知,文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功,首先就要学会失败。
后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点,最后一句提出问题:
为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢?
下文对这个问题做了回答,进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。
很明显,这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。
故选A。
(2)考查文章结构。
第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。
第三段JamesDyson为正面例子证明:
成功是建立失败的基础上的。
而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明:
不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。
最后一段再次强调中心论点。
故选A。
(3)考查主旨大意。
文章第一段即提出中心论点:
theparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail,中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。
最后一段又重新强调了该论点。
很明显,文章的中心意思就是:
失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Imagineyourclothingcouldreleaseenoughheattokeepyouwarmandcozy,allowingyoutostaycomfortableinacoolerroom.Or,pictureacarwindshieldthatstoresthesun'senergyandthenreleasesitasheattomaketheiceonthewindshielddisappear.
AccordingtoateamofresearchersatMIT,bothcasesmaybepossiblebeforelong,thankstoanewmaterialthatcanstoresolarenergyduringthedayandreleaseitlaterasheat.Thistransparentpolymerfilmcouldbeappliedtomanydifferentsurfaces,suchaswindowglassorclothing.
Solarenergyisonlyavailableabouthalfthetimeweneedit—duringdaylight.Forthesuntobecomeamajorpowerproviderforhumanneeds,therehastobeanefficientwaytosaveitupforuseduringnighttimeandstormydays.Mostsucheffortshavefocusedonstoringandrecoveringsolarenergyintheformofelectricity,butthenewfinding,byMlIprofessorJeffreyGrossman,PostdocDavidZhitomirskyandgraduatestudentEugeneCho,couldprovideahighlyefficientmethodforstoringthesun'senergythroughachemicalreactionandreleasingitlaterasheat.
Thekeytoenablinglong-term,stablestorageofsolarheat,theteamsaid,istostoreitintheformofachemicalchangeratherthanstoringtheheatitself.Butheatwilldisappearovertimenomatterhowgoodthematerialarounditis,sotheteamsetupachemicalstoragesystemthatcankeeptheenergyinastablemolecularconfiguration.Whenexposedtosunlight,themoleculescanstaythatwayforlongperiodsThen,whentriggered(触发)byaveryspecifictemperatureorsomethingelse,themoleculesreturntotheiroriginalshape,givingoffheatintheprocess.
Suchchemically-basedstoragematerials,knownasSolarThermalFuels(STF),havebeendevelopedbefore.Butthoseearliereffortsweredesignedtobeusedinliquidsolutionsandnotabletomakedurable(耐用的)solid-statefilms.Thenewapproachisthefirstbasedonasolid-statematerial,inthiscaseapolymer,andthefirstbasedoninexpensivematerialsandwidespreadproductiontechnology.
(1)WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph1?
A.Toshowthemainideaofthepassage.
B.Topracticereaders'imagination.
C.Tointerestreadersinthepassage.
D.Tointroduceanewkindofmaterial.
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatcanthepolymerfilmdo?
A.Itcanbemadeintowindowglass.
B.Itcanmakenecessaryelectricity.
C.Itcanstoreenergyandreleasesunshine.
D.Itcanabsorbsunshineandgiveoffheat.
(3)Accordingtothepassage,whatisSTFbasedon?
A.Thechemicalreaction.
B.Themovementofheat.
C.Theformofelectricity.
D.Thephysicalreaction.
(4)Whatistheadvantageofthemolecularconfiguration?
A.Itislessexpensive.
B.Itisverypowerful.
C.Itiseasilyavailable.
D.Itislesschangeable.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新型材料,它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量,之后能够根据需要释放热。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段“Imagineyourclothingcouldreleaseenoughheattokeepyouwarmandcozy,allowingyoutostaycomfortableinacoolerroom.Or,pictureacarwindshieldthatstoresthesun'senergyandthenreleasesitasheattomaketheiceonthewindshielddisappear.”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适,让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。
或者,再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量,然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测,本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例,提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事,以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“thankstoanewmaterialthatcanstoresolarenergyduringthedayandreleaseitlaterasheat.Thistransparentpolymerfilmcouldbeappliedtomanydifferentsurfaces,suchaswindowglassorclothing.”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料,这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面,如窗户玻璃或服装)可知,这种聚合物膜可以吸热,此后再以热能的形式释放出来。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Suchchemically-basedstoragematerials,knownasSolarThermalFuels(STF),havebeendevelopedbefore.”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料,即太阳能热燃料(STF),以前就已经被开发出来了,可知,STF是以化学反应为基础。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Butheatwilldisappearovertimenomatterhowgoodthematerialarounditis,sotheteamsetupachemicalstoragesystemthatcankeeptheenergyinastablemolecularconfiguration.”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失,不管周围的物质有多好,所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统,可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断,这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens,andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.
Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.
Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick,inventivebrainandplentyofexperience,butifoneusesthesefoolishly,oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwayscomewithage——thereareplentyoffoolishmiddle-agedpeopleabout——buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder,usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationof
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