英文版英美文学复习资料.docx
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英文版英美文学复习资料.docx
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英文版英美文学复习资料
Renaissance文艺复兴
Renaissance,whichoriginatedinItalyin14thc.,meansrebirthorrevival新生或复苏
It’samovementinEuropewherehumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridof(摆脱)thoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEuropeTointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie.
TheRenaissancewasslowinreachingEnglandWithHenryVIII’sencouragement,theOxfordreformers(维新派),scholarsandhumanistsintroducedclassicalliteraturetoEngland.
Education,basedupontheclassicsandtheBible,wasrevitalized(复兴),andliterature,alreadymuchread,ThusbegantheEnglishRenaissance,whichwasperhapsEngland’sGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature.AmongtheliterarygiantswereShakespeare,Spenser,Johnson,Sidney,Marlow,BaconandDonne.
Humanism人文主义
Itsprangfrom(起源于)theendeavor(努力)torestore(恢复)amedievalreverence崇敬fortheantiqueauthors.GreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.
万物的尺度;人为万物的尺度
Renaissancehumanistscametoseethathumanbeingswereglorious(光荣的)creaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentThus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buttheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.
一、莎士比亚
Shakespeare(founderofrealism)四大悲剧Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth
Characteristicsincommon:
1.noblehero;2.facingtheinjusticeofhumanlife;3.iscaughtinadifficultsituation;4.theirfateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation
Humanist:
Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.Thereisalimittohissympathyforthedowntrodden(被践踏的).Hefearsanarchy,hatesrebellionanddespises(轻视)democracy.
Shakespeare’sRenaissanceviewsonliterature:
1.literatureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.
2.literaryworkswhichhavetrulyreflectednatureandrealitycanreachimmortality(不朽)
威尼斯商人:
人物分析:
Shylock,aChristianSocialbullied(被.欺负)Jew,hasagreedcruelstubborn(顽固的)nature,butissubjectedtoaracialoppressionandhumiliation(耻辱),whichalsomakespeoplefeelsympathy.
Portiaispraisedfor(因.赞美)theimageofhumanism.Sheisanelegant(优雅的),knowledgeable,wittyandbravenewerafemale.Herpursuitofloveandthecourt'sperformancereflecthumanism.
Evaluationof威尼斯商人1.humanism-----praisepureloveandselflessfriendship;criticizestheusurer(高利贷者)’sgreedyandcruelracialdiscriminationtotheJews.
2.Theplay,fullofupsanddowns,isperfectlystructured,andthedialoguesarevividandmoving,withwitandhumor,soithasastrongcomedyatmosphere.
Sonnet:
第十八首
二、鲁滨逊漂流记
1.RobinsonCrusoeDanielDefoe
2.Puritanism清教主义
Itwasthereligiousdoctrine(主义)oftherevolutionarybourgeoisieduringtheEnglishRevolution.Itpreached(说教,鼓吹)thrift(节俭),sobriety,hardwork节俭,节制,努力工作andunceasing(不断的)laborinwhatevercallingbutwithnoextravagantenjoyment奢侈享受ofthefruitsoflabor.
3.历史时期:
The18thcentury:
TheNeoclassicalPeriod18世纪:
新古典主义时期
4.TheNeoclassicalPeriod:
WhatwenowcalltheneoclassicalperiodistheoneinEnglishliteraturebetweenthereturnoftheStuarts斯图亚特王朝totheEnglishthronein1660andthefullassertion(断言)ofRomanticismwhichcamewiththepublicationofLyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》byWordsworth华滋华斯andColeridge柯勒律治in1798.
这里我们所称的新古典主义时期是指介于1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟与以华滋华斯和科勒律治1798年合作出版的《抒情歌谣集》为创始标志的浪漫主义时期之间的英国文学时代。
5.启蒙主义:
Theeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheageofEnlightenment启蒙主义时代,ortheageofReason理性时代.TheEnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovement进步的知识分子运动whichflourished(兴旺,繁荣)inFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.Themovementwasafurtherance延续与发展oftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.
6.启蒙主义目的:
Itspurposewastoenlighten启迪thewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophical(哲学)andartisticideas.Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality理性,equality平等,andscience
7.Whatisneoclassicism:
Inthefieldofliterature,theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevival(复兴)ofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.
Theneoclassicistsbelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy.Thisbeliefledthemtoseekproportion,unity,harmonyandgraceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight(高兴),instruct(指导)andcorrect(改正)humansbeings,primarilyasanimals.Thusapolite,urbane,witty,andintellectualartdeveloped.
8.Colonialism(殖民主义)DoyouknowColonialism?
CanyoufindcolonialelementsinthereadingofRobinsonCrusoe?
Colonialismisthebuildingandmaintainingofcoloniesinoneterritorybypeoplefromanotherterritory.Colonialismisasetofunequalrelationshipsbetweenthecolonistsandtheindigenouspopulation.
ColonialisminRobinsonCrusoeisEmbodied(体现)
1)Robinson:
Masteroftheisland
Myislandwasnowpeopled,andIthoughtmyselfveryrichinsubjects;anditwasamerry(愉快的)reflection,whichIfrequentlymade,howlikeakingIlooked.Firstofall,thewholecountrywasmyownmereproperty(财产),sothatIhadanundoubtedrightofdominion.
2)Robinson:
Masterofthepeople(Friday)
Mypeoplewereperfectlysubjected(服从的).Iwasabsolutelordandlawgiver,theyallowed(欠)theirlivestome...I…taughthimtosayMaster…IfoundFriday…wasstillacannibalinhisnature…madeitmybusinesstoteachhimeverythingthatwaspropertomakehimuseful,handy,andhelpfulseriouslyprayedtoGodthatHewouldenablemetoinstructthispoorsavage
9.罗宾逊星期五关系:
Theidealizedmaster-servantrelationshipcanbeseenintermsofculturalimperialism(帝国主义).
Crusoe:
the'enlightened'European
Friday:
the‘savage(粗鲁的人)’toberedeemed(救赎)byCrusoe'sculture
10.Character:
RobinsonCrusoe
(1)amanagainstnatureandlivingthroughdifferentstagesofhumancivilizationinaseeminglyprimitiveenvironment
(2)thetypicalimageofanenterprising(有事业心的)Englishbourgeoisieof18thcentury(agreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy,courage,patienceandpersistenceinstrugglingagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment)(3)anempire-builder,aforeigntrader(4)whenFridaycame,hebecameanexploiter,acolonizer.
11.Theme
(1)ReflecttheaggressiveandbraveimageoftherisingEnglishbourgeoisieandlookforthetraditionalsupportforthebourgeoisvalues→intersectionpointofreligion&economy.
(2)Beautifycolonialism
三、傲慢与偏见
1.JaneAusten:
PrideandPrejudiceTheRomanticPeriodTheonlyimportantfemaleauthorinthe18-19thcenturyThefirstwriterwhoexamineswomen’spositionandtheirproblemsinthesociety
2.Threetypesintheheroines’pursuitofahappymarriage:
1.Marryformoney,positionandproperty;
2.Marryforpassion,beautyandattraction;
3.Marryforlovebasedonconsiderationofpersonalmerit&economicandsocialstatus.
3.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.(有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太,这是一条举世公认的真理。
)
ThisisthefirstsentenceofPrideandPrejudiceandstandsasoneofthemostfamousfirstlinesinliteraturebecauseofitsmasterful熟练的irony(讽刺),itshumoroustone,anditsforeshadowing(伏笔)oftheentirenovel.ItalsointroducesthereaderimmediatelytoAusten'suseofirony.Marriageisextremelyimportantinordertocontinuethefamilyandtosupplystabilityandeconomicwell-beingforthewomeninthelate-eighteenthandearly-nineteenthcenturies.
4.PrideandPrejudicebetweenElizabethandDarcy
Understandtheinitialmisunderstandingsandlatermutualenlightenment(启迪)betweenElizabethBennet(whoselivelinessandquickwit(智慧)haveoftenattractedreaders)andtheHaughtyDarcy.
ThetitlePrideandPrejudicerefers(amongotherthings)tothewaysinwhichElizabethandDarcyfirstvieweachother.Elizabeth’spridemakeshermisjudge(对.判断失误)Darcyonthebasisofapoorfirstimpression,whileDarcy’sprejudiceagainstElizabeth’spoorsocialstandingblindshim,foratime,tohermanyvirtues.Thetitlecutsbothways.Elizabethisguiltyof(对.感到内疚)prejudiceandDarcyofpride.
5.LovebetweenElizabethandDarcy:
Theauthorposescountless(无数的)smallerobstacles(障碍)totherealizationofthelovebetweenElizabethandDarcy,includingLadyCatherine’sattempttocontrolhernephew,MissBingley’ssnobbery(势利),Mrs.Bennet’sidiocy(白痴),andWickham’sdeceit(欺骗).Ineachcase,anxietiesaboutsocialconnections,orthedesireforbettersocialconnections,interferewith(干扰)theworkingsoflove.
Theauthordoessound(听起来)somemorerealistorcynical(愤世嫉俗的)aboutlove,usingthecharacterofCharlotteLucas,whomarriesthebuffoon[bə'fu:
n]丑角Mr.Collinsforhismoney,todemonstratethattheheartdoesnotalwaysdictatemarriage.Yetwithhercentralcharacters,Austensuggeststhattrueloveisaforceseparatefromsocietyandonethatcanconquereventhemostdifficultofcircumstances.
6.Mr.&Mrs.Bennet
Thoughmorethan20yearsofmarriage,stillnomutualunderstanding.
Lydia&Mr.Wickham
basedonphysicaldesire,notruelove.
Charlotte&Mr.Collins
Basedonmoney,unhappy
Jane&Mr.Bingley
basedonloveandlikeness
Elizabeth&Mr.Darcy
basedontrueloveandmutualunderstanding
7.爸爸妈妈性格:
爸爸:
queer,sarcastic,humorous,bookish,intelligent奇怪的、讽刺的、幽默的、好学的,聪明的regretfulforhisownmarriageandthusbecomeshesitant(迟疑的)abouthisdaughters'.
妈妈:
frivolous,excitable,narrow-minded,inconsiderate,ill-mannered,vulgar轻佻,易激动的,狭隘的,不为他人着想的、没有礼貌的、庸俗的thinksofmarriage
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