英国文学史资料.docx
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英国文学史资料.docx
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英国文学史资料
英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks
.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges古英语中古英语时期
A.Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:
ItisthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.
Epic:
定义longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
艺术特点
1.Usingalliteration(头韵)
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound
2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement(隐喻;不完整陈述)
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledway.
UnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
B.MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
KingArthur《亚瑟王》
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
C.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
Heisregardedas“ThefatherofEnglishpoetry”.
Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)
A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MartinLuther
C.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower
Writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity
代表作品
①TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
TroilusandCriseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德》
③TheHouseofFame《声誉之宫》
TheRenaissancePeriod文艺复兴时期
Itisaperiodofdramaandpoetry.
TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
定义
Itistheactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance:
rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
文艺复兴时期三位重要的剧作家
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
(“thepoets’poet”后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)
ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?
(B)
A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria
C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody
① TheFaerieQueene《仙后》(forQueenElizabeth)
Artisticfeatures:
艺术特点
UsingSpenserianStanza斯宾塞诗行
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
TheShepherdsCalendar《牧人日历》
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③Amoretti《爱情小唱》
2. ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
HeisoneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists.
Utopia《乌托邦》
3. FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.
HeisthefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness,powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
TheAdvancementofLearning《学术的推进》
Essays《随笔》(最出名的“Ofstudies”;主题是usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies)
4. BenJonson
ComedyofHumours
Volpone,orthefox狐狸
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)
A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina
C.terzarimaD.blankverse
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》(根据德国民间故事书写成)
Tamburlaine《帖木耳大帝》
③TheJewofMalta《马耳他的犹太人》
6. WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
FourComedies:
AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154TheSonnets
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
The17thCentury十七世纪作家
1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
1Epics:
ParadiseLost《失乐园》 ParadiseRegained《复乐园》
Dramaticpoem:
SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》
“Areopagitica”论出版自由
“TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople”为英国人民声辩
④“OnHisBlindness”我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestcanendurethesufferingbest.
2. JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
ReligiousAllegory:
ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》
VanityFair
3.JohnDonne多恩
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题)love,religious,thought
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery玄学奇喻;奇思妙喻
2.TheFlea虱子
The18thCentury:
18世纪文学;新古典主义文学
Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcenturies,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equalityandscience(the18thcentury)
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrose.(realisticnovel现实主义小说在18世纪中叶崛起)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1. AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?
(C)
A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoe
C.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift
AnEssayonCriticism《批评论》
Artisticfeatures:
Using“heroiccouplets”
TheRapeoftheLock《卷发遇劫记》
MoralEssays《道德论》
EssayonMan《人论》
TheDunciad《愚人记》
2. SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage《英语大词典》
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist)
Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
AModestProposal《一个小小的建议》
TheBattleofBooks《书战》
ATaleofaTub《木桶的故事》
④TheDrapper’sLetters《一个麻布商的书信》
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
RobinsonCrusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》
ItpraisesthefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
MollFlanders
ColonelJacque
④CaptainSingleton
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling《弃婴汤姆•琼斯》
TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews《约瑟夫•安德鲁》
TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat《大诗人江奈生•威尔德》
Amelia《爱米利亚》
②plays:
TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736《一七三六年历史记事》
DonQuixoteinEngland《堂吉柯德在英国》
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
poems:
TheTraveller《旅游人》
TheDesertedVillage《荒村》
②novel:
TheVicarofWakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传》
7. RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•谢里丹1751~1816
①TheRivals《情敌》
②TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》
8.WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》
Itshowsahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
②SongsofExperience《经验之歌》
Itshowsawordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
“TheChimneySweeper”
“London”
“TheTyger”
③TheMarriageofHeavenandHell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》
9.RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
HeisthegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①ARed,RedRose一朵红红的玫瑰
②MyHeart’sintheHighlands我的心在那高原上
TheRomanticPeriod英国浪漫主义文学
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sLyricalBallads,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizesthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
①LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)
②IWonderedLonelyAsACloud
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”.
2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileh
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