Topic 2Trade Terms文档格式.docx
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Topic 2Trade Terms文档格式.docx
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FCA
CPT
CIP
DAT
DAP
DDP
•Rulesforwaterwaytransport:
FAS
FOB
CFR
CIF
The
first
class
includes
the
seven
Incoterms-2010
rules
that
can
be
used
irrespective
of
mode
transports
whether
one
or
more
than
oftransport
is
employed.
EXW,
FCA,
CPT,
CIP,
DAT,
DAP
and
DDP
belongtothisclass.They
canbeusedevenwhenthereisnomaritimetransportatall.Itisimportant
to
remember,
however,
these
in
cases
where
a
ship
for
part
carriage.
InthesecondclassofIncoterms-2010rules,thepointofdeliveryandtheplaceto
which
goods
are
carried
tothebuyerarebothports,hencethelabel“seaandinlandwaterway”rules.FAS,FOB,CFRandCIFbelongtothisclass.UnderthelastthreeInco-termsrules,allmentionoftheship’srailasthepointofdeliveryhasbeenomittedinpreferenceforthegoodsbeingdeliveredwhentheyare“onboard”thevessel.Thismorecloselyreflectsmoderncommercialrealityandavoidstheratherdatedimageoftheriskswingingtoandfroacrossanimaginaryperpendicularline.
The11Incoterms-2010Rules
ModeofTransportAvailableRulesFullDescription
EXWExWorks
(…namedplaceofdelivery)
FCAFreeCarrier
CPTCarriagePaidTo
(…namedplaceofdestination)
AnyModeofTransportCIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo
DATDeliveredatTerminal
(…namedterminalatport
orplaceofdestination)
DAPDeliveredatPlace
DDPDeliveredDutyPaid
FASFreeAlongsideShip
(…namedportofshipment)
FOBFreeonBoard
SeaandInlandWaterway(…namedportofshipment)
TransportCFRCostandFreight
CIFCostInsuranceandFreight
(…namedportofshipment)
•Rulesforanymodeoftransport:
1.ExWorks(EXW)
Thisrulemeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenitplacesthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheseller’spremisesoratanothernamedplace(i.e.,works,factory,warehouse,etc.).Thesellerdoesnotneedtoloadthegoodsonanycollectingvehicle,nordoesitneedtoclearthegoodsforexport,wheresuchclearanceisapplicable.
Thepartiesarewelladvisedtospecifyasclearlyaspossiblethepointwithinthenamedplaceofdelivery,asthecostsandriskstothatpointarefortheaccountoftheseller.Thebuyerbearsallcostsandrisksinvolvedintakingthegoodsfromtheagreedpoint,ifany,atthenamedplaceofdelivery.
EXWrepresentstheminimumobligationfortheseller.Theruleshouldbeusedwithcareas:
a)Thesellerhasnoobligationtothebuyertoloadthegoods,eventhoughinpracticethesellermaybeinabetterpositiontodoso.
b)AbuyerwhobuysfromaselleronanEXWbasisforexportneedstobeawarethatthesellerisnotboundtoorganizetheexportclearance.BuyersarethereforewelladvisednottouseEXWiftheycannotdirectlyorindirectlyobtainexportclearance.
2.FreeCarrier(FCA)
Thisrulemeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrieroranotherpersonnominatedbythebuyerattheseller’spremisesoranothernamedplace.Thepartiesarewelladvisedtospecifyasclearlyaspossiblethepointwithinthenamedplaceofdelivery,astheriskpassestothebuyeratthatpoint.Ifthepartiesintendtodeliverthegoodsattheseller’spremises,theyshouldidentifytheaddressofthosepremisesasthenamedplaceofdelivery.If,ontheotherhand,thepartiesintendthegoodstobedeliveredatanotherplace,theymustidentifyadifferentspecificplaceofdelivery.
FCArequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.However,thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.
3.CarriagePaidTo(CPT)
Thisrulemeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrieroranotherpersonnominatedbytheselleratanagreedplace(ifanysuchplaceisagreedbetweentheparties)andthatthesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedplaceofdestination.
CPThastwocriticalpoints,becauseriskpassesandcostsaretransferredatdifferentplaces.Thepartiesarewelladvisedtoidentifyaspreciselyaspossibleinthecontractboththeplaceofdelivery,wheretheriskpassestothebuyer,andthenamedplaceofdestinationtowhichthesellermustcontractforthecarriage.Ifseveralcarriersareusedforthecarriagetotheagreeddestinationandthepartiesdonotagreeonaspecificpointofdelivery,thedefaultpositionisthatriskpasseswhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrieratapointentirelyoftheseller’schoosingandoverwhichthebuyerhasnocontrol.Shouldthepartieswishtherisktopassatalaterstage(e.g.,atanoceanportorairport),theyneedtospecifythisintheircontractofsale.Thepartiesarealsowelladvisedtoidentifyaspreciselyaspossiblethepointwithintheagreedplaceofdestination,asthecoststothatpointarefortheaccountoftheseller.Thesellerisadvisedtoprocurecontractsofcarriagethatmatchthischoiceprecisely.Ifthesellerincurscostsunderitscontractofcarriagerelatedtounloadingatthenamedplaceofdestination,thesellerisnotentitledtorecoversuchcostsfromthebuyerunlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheparties.
CPTrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.However,thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.
4.CarriageandInsurancePaidTo(CIP)
Thisrulemeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarrieroranotherpersonnominatedbytheselleratanagreedplace(ifanysuchplaceisagreedbetweentheparties)andthatthesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedplaceofdestination.
Theselleralsocontractsforinsurancecoveragainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.ThebuyershouldnotethatunderCIPthesellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonlyonminimumcover.Shouldthebuyerwishtohavemoreinsuranceprotection,itwillneedeithertoagreeasmuchexpresslywiththesellerortomakeitsownextrainsurancearrangements.
CIPhastwocriticalpoints,becauseriskpassesandcostsaretransferredatdifferentplaces.Thepartiesarewelladvisedtoidentifyaspreciselyaspossibleinthecontractboththeplaceofdelivery,wheretheriskpassestothebuyer,andthenamedplaceofdestinationtowhichthesellermustcontractforcarriage.Ifseveralcarriersareusedforthecarriagetotheagreeddestinationandthepartiesdonotagreeonaspecificpointofdelivery,thedefaultpositionisthatriskpasseswhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrieratapointentirelyoftheseller’schoosingandoverwhichthebuyerhasnocontrol.Shouldthepartieswishtherisktopassatalaterstage(e.g.,atanoceanportoranairport),theyneedtospecifythisintheircontractofsale.
Thepartiesarealsowelladvisedtoidentifyaspreciselyaspossiblethepointwithintheagreedplaceofdestination,asthecoststothatpointarefortheaccountoftheseller.Thesellerisadvisedtoprocurecontractsofcarriagethatmatchthischoiceprecisely.Ifthesellerincurscostsunderitscontractofcarriagerelatedtounloadingatthenamedplaceofdestination,thesellerisnotentitledtorecoversuchcostsfromthebuyerunlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheparties.
CIPrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.However,thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.
5.DeliveredatTerminal(DAT)
Thisrulemeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoods,onceunloadedfromthearrivin
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- Topic Trade Terms