英语真题及答案解析.docx
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英语真题及答案解析.docx
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英语真题及答案解析
2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语〔一〕
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasaabodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.But-
1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinflueneeonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes
2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3_heartrateandoxygen
consumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5
benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe
__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930?
sindicatethatlaughter__8muscles,decreasingmuscletonefor
upto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactof
laughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividual?
semotional
state.__11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_12=physical
reactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbutthey
becomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evideneesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15muscular
responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwurzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatingan
artificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercise
theirsmilingmuscles18moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswere
contractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinflueneeemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]among
2.[A]reflect
3.[A]stabilizing
4.[A]transmit
[D]like
[D]produce
[D]determining
[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.
[A]Inturn
[B]Infact
[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.
[A]opposite
[B]impossible
[C]average[D]expected
8.
[A]hardens
[B]weakens
[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.
[A]aggravate
[B]generate
[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.
[A]physical
[B]mental
[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.
[A]Exceptfor
[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.
[A]with
[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.
[A]unless
[B]until
[C]if[D]because
14.
[A]exhausts
[B]follows
[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.
[A]into[B]from
[C]towards[D]beyond
16.
[A]fetch
[B]bite
[C]pick[D]hold
17.
[A]disappointed[B]excited
[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.
[A]adapted
[B]catered
[C]turned[D]reacted
19.
[A]suggesting
[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.
[A]Eventually
[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
w〞roteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert?
sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“naunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.〞Asadescriptionofthen
musicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday?
sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumeda〞tatimeandplaceofthelistener?
schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert?
sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,m
vibrantorganization.Bu〞twhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra?
srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica?
soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert?
sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert?
sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany."Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn?
talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon?
tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
"Ican?
tthinkofasinglesearchI?
vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven?
talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit?
ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat?
sbeenfundamentallyinverted,〞saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho?
vebeenhurtt
arethosewho?
vestayedtoolong.〞
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives?
quittingmaybespurredby
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached〞(LPinaera3g,raph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisget
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