1、英语真题及答案解析2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi nts)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as aabodily exercise precious to health. But -1some clai
2、ms to the con trary, laugh ing probably has little in flue nee on physical fitn ess Laughter does2short-term cha nges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3_ heart rate and oxyge nconsumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5ben efits the
3、 way, say, walk ing or joggi ng does._6_, in stead of stra ining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter appare ntly accomplishes the_7_, studies dati ng back to the 1930?s in dicate that laughter_8 muscles, decreas ing muscle tone forup to 45 minu tes after the laugh dies dow n.Such bodil
4、y react ion might con ceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Any way, the act oflaugh ing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an in dividual?s emoti onalstate. _11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12= physicalreaction s. It
5、 was argued at the end of the 19th century that huma ns do not cry 13 they are sad but theybecome sad whe n the tears begi n to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears, evidenee suggests that emotions can flow _15 muscularresponses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of
6、the University of wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile -or with their lips, which would produce a( n) _17 expressi on. Those forced to exercisetheir smiling muscles 18 more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mout
7、hs werecon tracted in a frown, 19 that expressi ons may in flue nee emoti ons rather tha n just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong2.Areflect3.Astabilizing4.AtransmitDlikeDproduceDdetermi ningDobserve5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6AI
8、n turnBIn factCIn addition DIn brief7AoppositeBimpossibleCaverage Dexpected8AhardensBweakensCtightens Drelaxes9AaggravateBgenerateCmoderate Denhance10AphysicalBmentalCsubconscious Dinternal11AExcept forBAccording to CDue to DAs for12AwithBon Cin Dat13AunlessBuntilCif Dbecause14AexhaustsBfollowsCprec
9、edes Dsuppresses15Ainto BfromCtowards Dbeyond16AfetchBbiteCpick Dhold17Adisappointed BexcitedCjoyful Dindifferent18AadaptedBcateredCturned Dreacted19AsuggestingBrequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20AEventuallyBConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the
10、following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden an
11、nouncement of his appointment in 2021. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “ Hooray!At last! wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively litt
12、le known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert?s appointment in the Times, calls him “na unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a description of the nmusic director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez
13、, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or
14、 anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attenti
15、on, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, a
16、nd very often much higher in artistic quality than today?s live performances; moreover, they can be “ consumed at a time and place of the listener?s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One p
17、ossible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert ?s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical -music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly d
18、ifferent, mvibrant organization. But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra?s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to
19、attract.21.We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert?s appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expens
20、es of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performa nces.24.Accord ing to the text, which of the following is true of record ings?AThey are ofte n in ferior to live con certs in quality.BThey are ea
21、sily accessible to the gen eral public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regard ing Gilbert?s role in r evitalizi ng the Philharmo nic, the author feelsAdoubtful.Be nthusiastic.Cco nfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as preside nt of Bank of
22、America in August, his expla nati on was surpris in gly straight up. Rather tha n cloak ing his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “topursue my goal of running a company. Broadcasting his ambition was “verymuch my decision, McGee says. Within two weeks, he was
23、 talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Finan cial Services Group, which n amed him CEO and chairma n on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wan ted to run .It also sent a clear message to the outside world ab
24、out his aspirati ons. And McGee isn?t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and America n Express quit with the expla nati on that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don?t get the nod also may wish
25、to move on. A turbule nt bus in ess en vir onment also has senior man agers cautious of lett ing vague pronoun ceme nts cloud their reputati ons.As the first sig ns of recovery begi n to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willi ng to make the jump without a n et. I n the third quarter, CEO turnove
26、r was dow n 23% from a year ago as n ervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abo und for aspiri ng leaders.The decisi on to quit a senior positi on to look for a better one is unconven ti on al. For years executives an
27、d headhu nters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO can didates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: I can?t think of a single search I?ve done where a board has not in structed me to look at sitt ing CEOs first.Those who jumped without a jo
28、b haven?t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally t
29、ook that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “ The traditional rule was it?s safer to stay where you are, but that?s been
30、fundamentally inverted, says one headhunter. “ The people who?ve been hurt tare those who?ve stayed too long. 26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2, senior executives? quitting may be spu
31、rred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “ poached (LPinaera3g, raph 4) most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is get
