考研英语词汇分析.docx
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考研英语词汇分析.docx
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考研英语词汇分析
一.名词中同义词、近形词部分归纳
1.表示“能力”意思的词语:
Ability,capability,competency,faculty,
capacity,gift,talent
2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:
Purpose,aim,intent,intention,
goal,end
3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:
Ties,bonds,links,connection,
association,relations,combination,relationship,interrelations,
relevance
4.表示“差别”意思的词语:
Difference,distinction,differentiation
5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:
Capital,fund,money,relief
6.表示“个人”意思的词语:
Person,people,folks,individuals,man,
humanbeing
7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:
Meaning,significance,implication,
connotation
8.表示“部分、成分”意思的词语:
Part,element,ingredient,component,
factor,segment
9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:
Inequality,bias,prejudice,
discrimination
10.表示“对手、支持者”意思的词语:
Opponent,rivals,proponent,
advocates
11.表示“商品”意思的词语:
Commodity,goods
12.表示“将来”意思的词语:
Future,prospect
13.表示“理由”意思的词语:
Reason,ground,cause
14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:
Offspring,descendant,posterity,
children
15.表示“补充”意思的词语:
Complement,supplement,append
16.表示与“树木”有关的词语:
Bush,shrub,jungle
17.表示“边界”意思的词语:
Boundary,border,frontier,verge
18.表示“错误”意思的词语:
Blunder,error,mistake,fault
19.表示“基础”意思的词语:
Basis,foundation,ground
20.表示“会议”意思的词语:
Assembly,conference,congress,seminar,
session,summit,symposium,meeting,gathering,party
21.表示“区域”意思的词语:
Area,district,region,vicinity,zone
22.表示“成就”意思的词语:
Accomplishment,attainment,achievement,
success
23.表示“要点、摘要”意思的词语:
abstract,digest,outline,summary
24.表示“程度”意思的词语:
tothedegree,tosomeextent
25.表示“生气”意思的词语:
Anger,fury,indignation,resentment,hate,
Hatred
26.表示“痛苦,悲伤”意思的词语:
pain,sadness,unhappiness,misery,
anguish
27.表示“标准”意思的词语:
standard,criteria
28.字形相似的词:
welfare(福利),warfare(战争),farewell(告别)
29.字形相似的词:
attitude(态度),altitude(海拔,高度),magnitude(重要性),multitude(多数),aptitude(天资,天赋),latitude(纬度,地区),gratitude(感谢)
30.字形相似的词:
convention(习俗,传统),conversion(变化,转换),
conviction(坚定的信念或看法),conservation(保存,保持),conversation(交谈)
31.字形相似和近义词:
vocation,job,work,profession,occupation,
field,career,/vacation,holiday,travel,journey,voyage,trip,
excursion
32.近义词:
pace(步伐),speed(速度,速率),rate(速度,百分比),
ratio(比例,比率),rhythm(韵律,节奏)
抽象名词归纳
一.表示“好”的品质、性格等方面的词语
1.devotion/loyalty忠实/忠诚;/faith/faithfulness/fidelity忠实/诚实;allegiance
忠贞,效忠;
2.honesty/sincerity/cordiality诚挚,诚恳;hospitality热情好客friendliness友好;
amity友好;
3.credit/trust/credibility信任,信用;reliability可靠性
4.confidence/reliance信心,依靠;diligence/industry/hardwork努力,勤奋;courage/
bravery勇气,勇敢;cooperation/collaboration合作,协作;solidarity/unity团结;
5.sympathy/compassion/pity同情,怜悯;mercy仁慈,可怜;benevolence善意,仁慈;
6.appeal/attraction/temptation/lure/enticement/吸引力
7.humanity人类,人性,人道,仁慈;humanities人文学科
8.harmony和谐;peace和平;appreciation欣赏
9.ingenuity/creativity/创造力,灵活性
10.dignity/self-respect/self-esteem/reverence/ego尊严,自尊,高贵
11.courtesy/manners/politeness/humility谦卑,礼貌
12.innocence无辜,清白;prestige威望,名望;魅力,吸引力;reputation/fame/名声,名誉
13.perseverance毅力;persistence坚持;mercy/beneficence/goodness/kindness仁慈,善良
14.integrity=honesty正直,诚实;
15.conscience良心,良知;morality道德观;values价值观
16.admiration/adoration崇拜,敬爱;aspiration/desire/longing希望,渴望;ambition抱负,
理想,野心
17.thank/gratitude/gratification感谢,感恩,满意
18.generosity慷慨,大方;reward回报,奖赏
19.joy/happiness/pleasure/rejoice/elation/cheerfulness快乐,高兴,愉快
20.craftiness/cuteness/shrewdness/smartness/cunning
21.prudence/carefulness/caution/谨慎,小心
二.表示“不好”的品质、性格等方面的词语
1.immorality不道德;hypocrisy/dishonesty虚伪hypocritical/dishonest虚伪的,伪善的
2.deception/fraud/trickery/cheat/lie/betrayal/humbug/swindle/hoax/trick/
mislead/coax/deceit/lie欺骗;欺诈;哄骗
3.fiction/illusion/legend/tales/fantasy/myth/anecdote虚构,假想
4.slyness狡猾,fox狡猾的人,abjection悲惨,下流,卑鄙
5.guilt罪行,内疚;anxiety/worry/apprehension/焦虑,着急;gloom/sadness/
grief/melancholy/dismal忧郁,郁闷,悲伤
6.irresponsibility不负责任;insecurity不安全/terrorism恐怖
7.cruelty/bloodiness/brutality残忍,残酷,
8.discrimination/bias/prejudice/injustice/inequality/unfairness歧视,偏见,不公平;
grievance冤枉,委屈,不平
9.agony/misery/sadness/distress/pain/suffering/anguish/grief/sorrow/woe/痛苦,伤害,悲哀
10.abuse滥用,虐待,辱骂,毁谤;misuse误用
11.timidity胆怯,胆小;shyness/coyness;cowardness胆小鬼
12.disorder/disturbance/mess/chaos/tangle混乱,骚乱,失调,疾病
13.rage/anger/fury/annoyance/irritation生气,怒火;indignation
义愤填膺,愤慨
14.handicap/barrier/obstacle/hindrance/barricade/problem障碍,阻碍,问题
15.crisis/crunch/pinch危机,匮乏;deficit/shortage/lack/scarcity/deficiency/
scanty缺乏,不足;forwant/lackof因为缺乏
16.contempt/despise/scorn轻视,蔑视
17.superstition迷信
18.plague/disaster/accident/catastrophe/calamity/tragedy祸害,灾难,事故;
victim受害者;casualty伤亡,死亡;/mortality死亡率;
19.restriction/limitation/confinement/restraint限制,制约,抑制
20.vice/sin/evil罪恶,邪恶
21.nightmare=baddream;self-doubt自我怀疑;
22.nonsense废话,胡说;nuisance讨厌的人或物
23.conspiracy/plot阴谋,密谋
24.distortion歪曲,扭曲;disrespect失礼,无礼
25.imprudence/carelessness/粗心,不谨慎
26.abnormality不正常,反常,变态;arrogance傲慢,骄傲;blindpride骄傲自大
27.absurdity/ridicules/mock/mimic/taunt/jeer荒谬,可笑,嘲笑,辱骂
28.envy/jealousy/嫉妒,羡慕;arrogance傲慢
29.hardship/adversity逆境,艰难,患难;plight困境,艰难;dilemma两难处境,艰难处境
30.shame/humiliation丢脸,羞愧
31.embarrassment/尴尬,难为情;
32.indifference/coldness/insensitivity冷漠,无情
33.suffering/pain/ache/hurt/injury痛,痛苦,伤害
34.despair绝望;collapse崩溃,倒塌
35.hostility敌对,敌意;revenge报复,复仇
36.plague瘟疫,苦恼,灾祸;epidemic流行病
三.其它一些重要的名词
1.pastime/recreation/entertainment/amusement/diversion消遣,娱乐
2.discipline纪律,惩罚;学科,院系
3.abstract摘要;抽象派作品
4.acquaintance熟人,了解,认识
5./trifles/琐事
6.enterprise/drive进取心,奋斗
7.bearing/behavior/行为举止
8.obligation/duty/responsibility/liability责任,义务
9.odor/smell/scent/气味,味道;perfume/fragrance香味,
10.offspring/descendant/posterity/子孙,后代,产物;ancestor/forefathers/predecessor祖先,前辈,先辈
11.option/choice/alternative/selection选择,挑选
12.impetus/incentive/motive/motivation/momentum/push/spur/drivingforce
动力,推动力,鞭策
13.ingredient/factor/element/part/component/facet/segment/portion/fraction/
section/share方面,因素,部分,成分
14.discrepancy/difference/distinction/differentiation/disparity/polarity差异,不同
15.resemblance/links/similarity/connection/parallel/bond/tie/association/
analogy/correspondence/combination/relation/relationship相似性;联系;相关性
16.category/classification/class/group/kind/sort/type种类,分类
17.garments/clothes/costume衣服,服装;dress裙子shirt衬衫;skirt裙子;underwear
内衣;shoe/footwear鞋子
18.penalty/punishment/fine处罚,惩罚
19.freight/commodity/merchandise/goods商品,货物
20.job/work/post/position/occupation/profession/career/职业,事业
21.固定成语:
TheheelofAchilles/Achilles’heel弱点,短处;theoldAdam本性,私欲
22.genuine真心的;authentic可信的,真实的;
考研英语中常用的前缀和后缀
1.常用前缀
aero:
concerningtheairoraircraft
plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti:
against;oppositeof
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
matter(物质)—antimatter(反物质)
war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
auto:
oforbyoneself
biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)
criticism(批评,批判)—autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)
be:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend(朋友,助手)—befriend(待人如友,帮助)
little(很少的,矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视,使渺小,使...显得渺小)
bi:
two;twice;double
lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)
cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)
bio:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by—:
lessimportant
product(产品,产物,)—by-product(副产品,附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi:
hundredthpart
grade(等级)—centigrade(分为XX的,百分度的,摄氏温度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co:
together,with
author(作家,创造者)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者,合著)
exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)
col:
(usedbeforel)together,with
location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)
com:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with
passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
con:
together,with
centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟,联邦,联合,联盟)—confederation(联邦)
contra:
opposite
diction(措辞,用语,言语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
natural(自然的,自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
cor:
(usedbeforer)together,with
relate(叙述,讲,使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)
respond(回答,响应,作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合,协调,通信,相当,相应)
counter:
opposite
act(担当,表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counterattck(反引力)
cross:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country(乡下的,乡村的,[方]祖国的,故乡的)—crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)
breed((使)繁殖,教养,抚养,品种,种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配,培育杂种,(使)杂交)
de:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code(代码,密码)—decode(解码,译解)
value(评价,重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值,贬值)
dis:
not;theoppositeof
advantage(优势,有利条件)—disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)
agree(同意)—disagree(不一致,不适宜)
honest(诚实的,正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)
em:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)
en:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)
ex:
former(andstillliving)
minister(部长,大臣)—exminister(前部长)
wife(妻子)—exwife(前妻)
extra:
outside;beyond
curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的,业余的)
ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)
fore:
inadvance,before;inoratthefront
arm(臂,武器,装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗,预先武装,准备)
warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)
il:
(usedbeforel)not
legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的,不合规定的)
literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的,不合规定的)
im:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的,放荡的,淫荡的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in:
not
direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
infra:
belowinarange;beyond
red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
struct
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