历年专四完形填空及答案.docx
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历年专四完形填空及答案.docx
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历年专四完形填空及答案
历年专四完形填空及答案
2000年一.Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious(26)theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfoundatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerand(27)ittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut(28)todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable;itmust(29)bekeptinaclosedcontainer,as(30)aplanet'satmosphere.Thedistinctionwasaprominentfeatureofearlytheories(31)thephasesofmatter.Inthenineteenthcentury,forexample,onetheorymaintainedthataliquidcouldbe"dissolved"inavaporwithoutlosingitsidentity,andanothertheoryheldthatthetwophasesare(32)differentkindsofmolecules(分子).Thetheoriesnowprevailing(33)aquitedifferentapproachbyemphasizingwhatliquidsandgaseshaveincommon.Theyarebothformsofmatterthathavenopermanentstructureandtheybothfloweasilly.Theyarefluids. The(34)similarlyofliquidsandgasesbecomesclearlyapparentwhenthetemperatureandpressureareraisedsomewhat.(35)Aclosedcontainerpartiallyfilledwithaliquidisheated.Theliquidexpandsor(36)becomeslessdense;someofitevaporates.(37),thevaporabovetheliquidsurfacebecomesdenserastheevaporatedmoleculesareaddedtoit.Thecombinationoftemperatureanddpressure(38)thedensitiesbecomeequalis(39)thecriticalpoint.Abovethecriticalpointtheliquidandthegascannolongerbe(40);thereis asingle,undifferentiatedfluidphaseofuniformdensity.
26. A.in B.on 27. A.fills B.befilled C.filling D.tofill
28. A.intends B.tends 29. A.however B.nevertheless 30.A.intheeventof B.inthecaseofC.withaviewto D.withreferenceto31. A.havingdescribed B.describedC.describing D.tohavedescribed32. A.madeupof B.consistedofstitutedof D.madefrom33. A.apply B.adapt 34. A.elementary B.crucial 35. A.Suppose B.TosupposeBeingsupposed D.Supposed36. A.inaword B.inthemeantimeC.inotherwords D.inthatcase37. A.Similarly B.Incontrast 38. A.onthat B.onwhich 39. A.known B.defined 40. A.classified B.recognizeded D.distinguished
2001
Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual(26)andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.
Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.(27)this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork(28)isown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers(29)hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding(30)withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto(31)rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanother,aswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently(32)ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator’sworksite.Theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,(33)thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage(34)ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan(35)with.Itis,(36),desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto(37)howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame(38)toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,itdoesnot(39).Therearemanyotherskillsand(40)thataredesirableinatranslator.
26.A.applicationB.use C.utilityD.usage27.A.MorethanBExceptfoC.BecauseofD.Inadditionto28.A.ofB.by C.forD.on29.A.shouldB.when C.becauseD.if30.A.familiariyB.acquaintance C.knowledgeD.skill31.A.changeB.transform C.turnD.switch32.A.lackedB.required C.facedD.confronted33.A.essential B.unnecessary C.advantageousD.useless34.A.overB.despite C.ratherthanD.instead35.A.dealB.concern C.workD.doaway36.A.howeverB.accordingly C.consequentlyD.thus37.A.knowingB.havingknownC.knowD.haveknown38.A.refersB.comesC.appliesD.amounts39.A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work40.A.characteristicsB.qualitiesC.distinctionsD.features
2002年
Peoplethinkingabouttheoriginoflanguageforthefirsttimeusuallyarriveattheconclusionthatitdevelopedgraduallyasasystemofgrunts,hissesandcriesand(26)averysimpleaffairinthebeginning.(27),whenweobservethelanguagebehaviourof(28)weregardasprimitivecultures,wefindit(29)complicated.ItwasbelievedthatanEskimomusthavethetipofhistongueavocabularyofmorethan10,000words(30)togetalongreasonablywell,muchlargerthantheactivevocabularyofanaveragebusinessmanwhospeaksEnglish.(31),theseEskimowordsarefarmorehighlyinfleeted(词尾变化的)than(32)ofanyofthewell-knownEuropeanlanguages,fora(33)nouncanbespokenorwrittenin(34)hundreddifferentforms,each(35)aprecisemeaningdifferentfromthatofanyother.
Theformsoftheverbsareevenmore(36).TheEskimolanguageis,therefore,oneofthemostdifficultintheworldtolearn,(37)theresultthatalmostnotradersorexplorershave(38)triedtolearnit.Consequently,therehasgrownup,incommunicationbetweenEskimosandwhites,ajargon(39)tothepidginEnglishusedinOldChina,withavocabularyoffrom300to600uninflectedwords.MostofthemarederivedfromEskimobutsomearederivedfromEnglish,Danish,Spanish,Hawaiianandotherlanguages.Itisthisjargonthatisusually(40)bytravellersas“theEskimolanguage”.
26.A.mustbe B.musthavebeenC.oughttobe D.shouldbe
27.A.However B.ThereforeC.Probably D.Undoubtedly
28.A.whose B.thatC.which D.what
29.A.conspicuously B.usuallyC.surprisinglyD.sufficiently30.A.soas B.sothatC.assuch D.aswellas
31.A.However B.MoreoverC.Though D.Therefore
32.A.theothers B.allothersC.these D.those
33.A.single B.singularC.plural D.compound
34.A.some B.severalC.various D.varied
35.A.getting B.causingC.having D.owning
36.A.endless B.multipleC.uncountable D.numerous
37.A.with B.forC.owingto D.as
38.A.still B.indeedC.just D.even
39.A.alike B.similarC.related D.relevant
40.A.referredto B.talkedaboutC.spoken D.told
2003年
DuringMcDonald’searlyyearsFrenchfriesweremadefromscratcheveryday. RussetBurbankpotatoeswere(26),cutintoshoestrings,andfriedinits kitchens.(27)thechainexpandednationwide,inthemid-1960s,itsoughtto cutlabourcosts,reducethenumberofsuppliers,and(28)thatitsfries tastedthesameateveryrestaurant.McDonald’sbegan(29)tofrozenFrench friesin1966—andfewcustomersnoticedthedifference.,thechange hadaprofoundeffectonthenation’sagricultureanddiet.Afamiliarfoodhad beentransformedintoahighlyprocessedindustrial(31).McDonald’sfries nowcomefromhugemanufacturingplants(32)canprocesstwomillionpounds ofpotatoesaday.Theexpansion(33)McDonald’sandthepopularityofits low-cost,mass-producedfrieschangedthewayAmericanseat. tasteofMcDonald’sFrenchfriesplayedacrucialroleinthechain’s success—friesaremuchmoreprofitablethanhamburgers—andwas(34)praised bycustomers,competitors,andevenfoodcritics.Their(35)tastedoesnot stemfromthekindofpotatoesthatMcDonald’s(36),thetechnologythat processesthem,ortherestaurantequipmentthatfriesthem:
otherchainsuse RussetBurbank,buytheirFrenchfriesfromthe(37)largeprocessing companies,andhavesimilar(38)intheirrestaurantkitchens.Thetasteof aFrenchfryis(39)determinedbythecookingoil.FordecadesMcDonald’s cookeditsFrenchfriesinamixtureofabout7percentcottonseedoiland93 percentbeeffat.Themixturegavethefriestheirunique(40). A.scaledB.strippedC.peeledD.slicedB.DuetoC.OwingtoD.With B.ensureC.enrichD.enable
29.A.switching B.divertingB.AnywayC.Besides D.NeverthelessB.stuffC.commodityD.produce
32.A.this B.thatC./D.whatB.fromC.inD.of
34.A.long B.onlyC.firstD.lonelyB.distinctC.distinguished D.distinguishableB.buysC.acquiresD.grows A.exactB.identicalC.sameD.alikeB.potsC.boilersD.fryers
39.A.adequateelyB.massivelyC.plentifullyD.largely40.A.flavour B.fragranceC.smellD.perfume
2004
Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincides(26)thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis(27)canbemodified.
Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theeasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa(28)ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomation(29)round-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally(30)fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa(31)routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandwo
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