英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc.docx
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英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc.docx
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英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc
北京外国语大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题
Pleasewritealltheanswersontheanswersheets.
TimeLimit:
3hours
Thetotalpointsforthisexamare150points
LReadingComprehension(50points)
AMultipleChoice(24points)
PleasereadthepassagesandchooseA>B.CorDtobestcompletethestatementsaboutthem.
TheQuietCrisis
ClosegamesfortheAmericanswererareinpreviousOlympics,butnowitappearstobesomethingtheAmericansshouldgetusedto.
Youcouldfindnobettermetaphorforthewaytherestoftheworldcannowcompetehead-to-headmoreeffectivelythaneverwithAmericathanthestrugglesoftheU.S.Olympicbasketballteamin2004・TheAmericanteam,madeupofNBAstars,limpedhometoabronzemedalafterlosingtoPuertoRico,Lithuania,andArgentina・Previously,theUnitedStatesOlympicbasketballteamhadlostonlyonegameinthehistoryofthemodemOlympics.RememberwhenAmericasentonlyNCAAstarstotheOlympicbasketballevents?
Foralongtimetheseteamstotallydominatedallcorners・Thentheystartedgettingchallenged・Sowesentourpros.Andtheystalledgettingchallenged・Becausetheworldkeepslearning,thediffusionofknowledgehappensfaster;coachesinothercountriesnowdownloadAmericancoachingmethodsofftheInternetandwatchNBAgamesintheirownlivingroomsonsatelliteTV.ManyofthemcanevengetESPNandwatchthehighlightreels.Andthankstothetripleconvergence,thereisalotofnewrawtalentwalkingontotheNBAcourtsfromallovertheworld一includingmanynewstarsfromChina,LatinAmerica,andEasternEurope・TheygobackandplayfortheirnationalteamsintheOlympics,usingtheskillstheyhonedinAmerica.SotheautomaticAmericansuperiorityoftwentyyearsagoisnowgoneinOlympicbasketball.TheNBAstandardisincreasinglybecomingaglobalcommodity一purevanilla.IftheUnitedStateswantstocontinuetodominateinOlympicbasketball,wemust,inthatgreatsportscliche,stepitupanotch・Theoldstandardwon^tdoanymore.AsJoelCawleyofIBMremarkedtome,"Starforstar,thebasketballteamsfromplaceslikeLithuaniaorPuertoRicostilldon'trankwellversustheAmericans,butwhentheyplayasateam一whentheycollaboratebetterthanwedo,theyareextremelycompetitive?
9
Thereissomethingaboutpost-worldWarIIAmericathatremindsmeoftheclassicwealthyfamilythatbythethirdgenerationstartstosquanderitswealth.Themembersofthefirstgenerationarenose-to-the-grindstoneinnovators,thesecondgenerationholdsitalltogetherthentheirkidscomealongandgetfat,dumb,andlazyandslowlysquanderitall.Iknowthatisbothoverlyharshandagrossgeneralization,butthereis,nevertheless,sometruthinit.Americansocietystartedtocoastinthe1990s,whenourthirdpostwargenerationcameofage.Thedot-comboomlefttoomanypeoplewiththeimpressionthattheycouldgetrichwithoutinvestinginhardwork.AllittookwasanMBAandaquickIPO,oroneNBAcontract,andyouweresetforlife.Butwhilewewereadmiringtheflatworldwehadcreated,alotofpeopleinIndia,China,and
EasternEuropewerebusyfiguringouthowtotakeadvantageofit.Luckyforus,weweretheonlyeconomystandingafterWorldWarII,andwehadnoseriouscompetitionforfortyyears.Thatgaveusahugeheadofsteambutalsoahugesenseofentitlementandcomplacency一nottomentionacertaintendencyinrecentyearstoextolconsumptionoverhardwork,investment,andlong-termthinking.Whenwegothitwith9/11,itwasaonce-in-a-generationopportunitytosummonthenationtosacrifice,toaddresssomeofitspressingfiscal,energy,science,andeducationshortfalls一allthethingsthatwehadletslide.Butourpresidentdidnotsummonustosacrifice.Hesummonedustogoshopping.
Thetruthis,weareinacrisisnow,butitisacrisisthatisunfoldingveryslowlyandveryquietly.ItisaquietcrisisandthisquietcrisisinvolvesthesteadyerosionofAmerica'sscientificandengineeringbase,whichhasalwaysbeenthesourceofAmericaninnovationandourrisingstandardofliving・
"Theskyisnotfalling,nothinghorribleisgoingtohappentoday,”saidJackson,aphysicistbytrainingwhochoosesherwordscarefully.uTheU.S.isstilltheleadingengineforinnovationintheworld.Ithasthebestgraduateprograms,thebestscientificinfrastructure,andthecapitalmarketstoexploitit.ButthereisaquietcrisisinU.S.scienceandtechnologythatwehavetowakeupto.TheU.S.todayisinatrulyglobalenvironment,andthosecompetitorcountriesarenotonlywideawake,theyaremnningamarathonwhilewearerunningsprints・Ifleftunchecked,thiscouldchallengeourpreeminenceandcapacitytoinnovate・”
Anditisourabilitytoconstantlyinnovatenewproducts,services,andcompaniesthathasbeenthesourceofAmerica'shornofplentyandsteadilywideningmiddleclassforthelasttwocenturies・ItwasAmericaninnovatorswhostartedGoogle,Intel,HP,Dell,Microsoft,andCisco,anditmatterswhereinnovationhappens・ThefactthatallthesecompaniesareheadquarteredinAmericameansthatmostofthehigh-payingjobsarehere,evenifthesecompaniesoutsourceoroffshoresomefunctions.Theexecutives,thedepartmentheads,thesalesforce,andtheseniorresearchersarealllocatedinthecitieswheretheinnovationhappened・Andtheirjobscreatemorejobs.Theshrinkingofthepoolofyoungpeoplewiththeknowledgeskillstoinnovatewontshrinkourstandardoflivingovernight.Itwillbefeltonlyinfifteenortwentyyears,whenwediscoverwchaveacriticalshortageofscientistsandengineerscapableofdoinginnovationorevenjusthigh-value-addedtechnologywork•Thenthiswon'tbeaquietcrisisanymore,saidJackson,MitwillbetherealMcCoy.°
Today,AmericansarefeelingthegradualandsubtleeffectsofglobalizationthatchallengetheeconomicandstrategicleadershipthattheUnitedStateshasenjoyedsinceWorldwarII.Asubstantialportionofourwork-forcefindsitselfindirectcompetitionforjobswithlower-wageworkersaroundtheglobe,andleading-edgescientificandengineeringworkisbeingaccomplishedinmanypartsoftheworld・Thankstoglobalization,drivenbymoderncommunicationsandotheradvances,workersinvirtuallyeverysectormustnowfacecompetitorswholivejustamouse-clickawayinIreland,Finland,China,India,ordozensofothernationswhoseeconomiesaregrowing・Thishasbeenaptlyreferredtoas"theDeathofDistance:
(1)WhyNBAwasmentionedinthispassage?
A.Itservesasametaphortoillustratehowtheglobeiscompetinghead-to-headwithU.S.
B.ItpresentsafactthatNBAisnowperformingverypoorly.
C.ItsendsamessagethattheU.S.overallstrengthisdropping.
D・ItwarnstheAmericansofthegravesituationthatthestatusofitssuperpowerdoesnotexistanylonger.
(2)"Starforstar,thebasketballteamsfromplaceslikeLithuaniaorPuertoRicostilldon'trank
wellversustheAmericans,butwhentheyplayasateam一whentheycollaboratebetterthanwedo—theyareextremelycompetitive.Inthissentence,"Starforstar..."means.
A.whenoneteamplaysagainstanother
B.Theplaceofthestarsinateam
C.Thetimethestarisonthecourt
D.Whenindividualplayersoftheteamsarcplayingagainsteachother
(3)Itisstatedinparagraph3thatpeopleareadmiringtheflatworld.Whatdoes“flat'、mean?
A.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingbiggerandbiggerandpeoplearelosingalotofchoices.
B.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingsmallerandglobalizationisthedominanttrend.
C.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingsmallerandeasier(ocontrol.
D.Itmeansthattheworldstopsbeingaroundglobe・
(4)TheauthorthinksthatthethirdgenerationofAmericans・
A.arenose-to-the-grindstoneinnovators
B.archoldingthewealthalltogether
C・arebecomingmorediligentandhardworking
D.arestartingtosquandertheirwealth
(5)Whatcanbeinferredoftheauthor^feelingaboutthefactthatmanybigcompaniesareheadquarteredinAmerica?
A.Negative.
B.Indifferent.
C.Positive.
D.Worried・
(6)Whatdoesthewordaptlyinparagraph7mean?
A.Suitably.
B.Fortunately.
C.Adaptively.
D.Inappropriately.
(7)The"DeathofDistance”refersto.
A.thedyingeconomyintheU.S.becauseofthecompetitionsfromIreland,Finland,ChinaandIndia
B.lheintensifiedcompetitionbetweentheU.S.andothercountriesduetoglobalizationandadvancedCommunications
C.theeconomiesinIrelandandFinlandthatoutperformthoseinChinaandIndia
D.theclosenessofcountrieslikeIrelandandFinland,ChinaandIndia
(8)Thetitleofthispassage'"TheQuietCrisis"suggeststhat.
A.thecrisisthattheUS・facesisseenclearly
B.theU.S.isnotyetinacrisis
C.thecrisisthattheU・S・facesunfoldsveryquickly
D.thecurrentcrisisdevelopsslowly
TheNatureofCivilizations
DuringthecoldwartheworldwasdividedintotheFirst,SecondandThirdWorlds.Thosedivisionsarenolongerrelevant.Itisfarmoremeaningfulnowtogroupcountriesnotintermsoftheirpoliticaloreconomicsystemsorintermsoftheirlevelofeconomicdevelopmentbutratherintermsoftheircultureandcivilization.
Whatdowemeanwhenwetalkofacivilization?
Acivilizationisaculturalentity.Villages,regions,ethnicgroups,nationalities,religiousgroups,allhavedistinctculturesatdifferentlevelsofculturalheterogeneity.ThecultureofavillageinsouthernItalymaybedifferentfromthatofavillageinnorthernItaly,butbothwillshareinacommonItalianculturethatdistinguishesthemfromGermanvillages.Europeancommunities,inturn,willshareculturalfeaturesthatdistinguishthemfr
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