复合句一主语从句.docx
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复合句一主语从句.docx
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复合句一主语从句
英语复合句讲解
复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是句子的一个成分,故不能独立存在,必须有一个关联词引导。
从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为。
1、定语从句(形容词从句)2、名词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)
3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)
主语从句
一.在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。
二.主语从句主要有三类:
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
例如:
Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.
你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。
Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。
(2)用连词whether引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否)
例如:
Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
她来不来都无关紧要。
(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分).
例如:
Whatyouneedismorepractice.你所需要的是更多的训练。
WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是这事。
Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。
(4)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。
)
例如:
Whereweshouldleaveisaproblem.我们什么时候离开还是一个问题。
Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepublic.他们什么时候来还不知道。
三.注意点:
1.it做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时)。
例如:
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.
光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。
=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
众所周知光沿直线传播。
Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.
飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.
还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。
四,固定用法和译法
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……
Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息
Itisaquestionthat………是个问题
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
类似的名词还有:
apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。
例如:
Itisamysterytomehowithappened.
这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。
ItisnosurprisethatBobwillwinthegame.
鲍勃会赢得这场比赛,这不足为奇。
(2)Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……
Itisclearthat…很清楚……
Itislikelythat…很可能……
Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有:
strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.
例如:
Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.
她是否能来令人怀疑。
Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.
他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.
周末之前,他应该到这里是必要的。
Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.
很明显我们不能这样下去了。
(3)Itis+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat…据说……
Itisreportedthat…据报道……
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……
Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有:
known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;required;suggested;demanded;madeclear;
例如:
Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.大家都认为他是最好的选手。
Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。
Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopened
还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。
ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain,becausethereisanotheronelater.
没有赶上这趟火车没有关系,稍晚还有一趟。
IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.碰巧我昨天看见他了。
六.只用whether不用if引导主语从句.
形式主语IT
有时为了考虑句子平衡(避免头重脚轻),通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
这分三种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
It’sapitythathedidn’tcome.很遗憾他没来。
It’svitalthatwe(should)bepresent.我们出席是至关重要的。
Itwasintendedthatyoubethecandidate.大家的意图是让你当候选人。
Itisappropriatethatthistaxbeabolished.废除这个税是恰当的。
It’sunfairthatsomanypeopleshouldlosetheirjobs.竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。
Thattheyshouldrefusetosignthepetitionrequiredgreatcourage.他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。
注意:
should用于虚拟语气
用于主语从句中
在“Itis+形容词/某些动词的过去分词+that从句”的结构中,从句的谓语动词用“(should)+do”虚拟语气形式来表示命令、要求和建议。
这些形容词和过去分词常见的有important(重要的)、essential(必要的)、necessary(必须的)、natural(自然的)、ordered(命令的)、demanded(要求的)、proposed(建议的)、required(要求的)等。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。
如:
Whatweneedismoney.我们需要的是钱。
WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。
如:
Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.他是什么意思很清楚。
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
Isittruethatheisthegirl’sfather?
他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
Howisitthatyouarelateagain?
你怎么又迟到了?
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:
若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
Thatyoudidn’tgotothetalkwasapity.很遗憾你没去听报告。
(that不可省)
Itwasapity(that)youdidn’tgotothetalk.很遗憾你没去听报告。
(that可省)
主语从句练习题
Ⅰ.选择题:
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber(木材) harvested is not used.
A. The estimate B. The estimate
C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that
∙2. _____ some mammals(哺乳动物) came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the
guidance of our parents
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That
5. Although _____ happened in this developed country
sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere
in the world.
A. which B. what C. how D. it
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
A. That occurred to her B. She occurred that
C. To her that occurred D. It occurred to her that
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
A. which B. all C. this D. what
8. We lost our way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
9. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How
10. _____ or not is still uncertain.
A. He’s coming B. If he is coming
C. That coming D. Whether he’s coming
11. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.
A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt it D. doubtful whether
12. _____ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.
A. Whether B. Till C. If D. Unless
13. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.
A. That B. When C. What D. Which
14. _____ is a spell of warm sunshine.
A. What do we all need. B. What all we need
C. What we need D. What we all need
15. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.
A. What B. That C. He D. It
16. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.
A. Remarkable B. Quite remarkably
C. It is remarkable that D. It is remarkable fact that
17. _____ you nominate will be elected.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whomever D. That’s
18. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.
A. What B. Which C. Whichever D. That’s
19. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.
A. Who B. Which C. Whichever D. Anyone
20. _____orders he gives are obeyed.
A. Whichever B. Which C. Whatever D. What
21.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)
A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who
22.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷Ⅱ)
A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which
23.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
24.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
【巩固练习】
1.__________________________________hasn’tbeendecidedyet.(pick)
谁将去接他还没有确定。
2.__________________________________remainsunknown.(finish)
我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道
3._____________________________________isnoneofmybusiness.(like)
你不喜欢他与我无关。
4._________________________________________isbeingdiscussed.(abroad)
他将何时出国正在讨论之中。
5.____________________________inlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(matter)
英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。
6.Itworriedherabit______________________________________________.(turn)
她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧。
7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whatourastronautsdesiretodo______________________________.(walk)
杨利伟成功地环绕地球后,我们的宇航员所想做的是在太空漫步。
8.________________________________________shouldbepunished.(break)
任何违法的人都应该被惩罚。
9.______________________________wecanlearnfourforeignlanguagesatthesametime.(seem)
我们能同时学四门外语似乎不可能。
10._______________________________wasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtothekeyuniversities.
真题:
1、 TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”
A.Thisis B.Thereis C.Thatis D.Itis
2、 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
A.where B.whatC.that D.how
3、 ____isnotknownyet.
A.Whenshehasgone B.Whereshehasgone
C.Howdidsheleave D.Whydidshego
4、 ______isunfitfortheoffice.
A.Itseemstomethat B.Itseemstomethathe
C.Thatseemshe D.Thatseemstohimthat
5、 _______manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.
A. Which B.How C. What D.That
6、 _______beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.
A.Whom B.Whoever C.Who D.What
7、________mattersmuch________theheadmastersupportsouractivity.
A.It;whether B.What;whetherC.As;that D.That;if
8、________isknowntousallisthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.
A.As B.It C.That D.What
9、________PremierWenJiabaovisitedtheUnitedStatesledtothecloserrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.
A.Which B.WhatC.That D.As
10、Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.
A.as B.whichC.whethe
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