职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2
2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2
TheEffectsofGlobalWarmingonWeather
Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall"feedbackmechanisms”。
Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here'soneexample:
plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetation(植物maynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometresayear—fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000-kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSRandScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofCO2andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.
Therearedozensofotherpossible"feedbackmechanism”。
Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe"albedo"effect,willdotheopposite.The"albedo"effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokes(戳through,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Indevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.
Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld'spopulation.Theaveragerich-worldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofCO2yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjustsevenpercentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.
41."Feedbackmechanisms"inparagraph1mostprobablyreferto____________.
A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors
B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate
C.howclimatechanges
D.howclimatezonesshift
42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____________.
A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming
B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown
C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels
D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption
43.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby____________.
A.thecuttingofmanytrees
B.desirableenvironmentalchanges
C.successfulmigrationofspecies
D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees
44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.
A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption
B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofCO2yearlytotheatmosphere
C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhousegasemissions
D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels
45.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?
____________
A.Impactofglobalwarmingonclimate.
B.Prosperityandcheapfossilfuels.
C.Materialprogressandenergyconsumption.
D.Plantsandanimalsinthechangingclimate.
参考答案:
41.B第一段中的“feedbackmechanisms”的意思最可能是:
A动植物是如何适应隐蔽因素的;B动植物是如何与不断变化的气候相互作用的;C气候是如何变化的;D气候带是如何迁移的。
42.A从文章中我们可以得知:
A某些反馈机制可能减缓全球变暖的速度;B全球变暖的基本事实还不为人所知;C发展中国家从廉价的矿物燃料中获益;D发达国家打算降低能耗。
43.D预测气候带的迁移将由下列哪一项伴随进行?
A许多树木被砍伐;B有利的环境变化;C物种的成功迁移;D树木的不成功迁移。
44.B从文章可以推断出:
A发展中国家打算增加能源的消耗;B第三世界每年向大气层释放的二氧化碳,人均不超过一吨;C如果我们停止排放引起温室效应的废气,全球的气候就会获得平衡;D未来世界的繁荣靠廉价的矿物能源。
InvestmentandConsumption
Investmentinthepublicsector,suchaselectricity,irrigation,publicservicesandtransport(excludingvehicles,shipsandplanesincreasedbyabout10%,althoughtheemphasismovedtothetransportandawayfromtheothersectorsmentioned.Tradeandservicesrecordeda16%~17%investmentgrowth,includinga30%increaseininvestmentinbusinesspremises.Industrialinvestmentisestimatedtohaverisenby8%.Althoughtheshareofagricultureintotalgrossinvestmentintheeconomycontinuedtodecline,investmentgrewby9%inabsoluteequipment.Housingconstructionhad12%moreinvestedinitin1964,notsomuchowingtoincreaseddemand,astofearsofnewtaxesandlimitationofbuilding.
Totalconsumptioninrealtermsrosebycloseon11%during1964,andpercapitapersonalconsumptionbyunder7%,asin1963.Theundesirabletrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumption,evidentinpreviousyears,remainedunaltered.Sinceatcurrentpricesconsumptionroseby16%anddisposableincomeby13%,therewasevidentlyafallintherateofsavingintheprivatesectoroftheeconomy.Onceagainconsumptionpatternsindicatedaswiftadvanceinthestandardofliving.Expenditureonfooddeclinedinsignificance,althoughconsumptionoffruitincreased.Spendingonfurnitureandhouseholdequipment,health,educationandrecreationcontinuedtoincrease.Thegreatestproofofalteredlivingstandardswastherapidexpansionofexpenditureontransport(includingprivatecarsandpersonalservicesofallkinds,which
occurredduring1964.Theprogressivewealthoflargesectorsofthepublicwasdemonstratedbythechangingcompositionofdurablegoodspurchased.Saturation(饱和pointwasrapidlybeingapproachedforitemssuchasthefirsthouseholdradio,gascookers,andelectricrefrigerators,whereasincreasingpurchasesofautomobilesandtelevisionsetswereregistered.
36.Fromthispassage,welearnthatpeople____________.
A.spentmoremoneythantheyearned
B.savedmoremoneythanpreviously
C.investedandconsumedatanacceleratedpace
D.spenttheirmoneywisely
37.Theauthorthinksthatthetrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumptionwas"undesirable”because____________.
A.expenditureonluxuriesincreased
B.peoplewerewealthy
C.peopleconsumedless
D.peoplesavedless
38.ExpenditureincreasedonallthefollowingEXCEPT____________.
A.food
B.automobiles
C.education
D.entertainment
39.Itcanbeinferredfromtheincreaseoffruitconsumptionthat___________.
A.peoplehadtospendmoreontransportationandfurniture
B.thepriceoffruitdroppeddramatically
C.peopleweremoremoneyconscious
D.peopleweremorehealthyconscious
40.Theword"registered"inthelastlinemostprobablymeans____________.
A.marked
B.approached
C.listed
D.booked
参考答案:
36.C从本篇文章可以得知:
A人们支出大于收入;B人们比以前更节约用钱了;C人们的投资和消费在加速增长;D人们花钱更精明了。
37.C作者认为消费的快速增长是“不良”的原因是:
A奢侈品的消费增加了;B人们富有了;C人们消费减少了;D人们储蓄减少了。
38.A下列消费都有所增加,只有什么没增加?
A食物;B汽车;C教育;D娱乐。
39.D由水果消费的增长可以推断出:
A人们不得不在交通工具和家具上花更多的钱;B水果的价格大大降低;C人们更加重视金钱了;D人们更加重视健康了。
40.A文章最后一行中的“registered”的意思是:
A明显的;B接近;C列举;D预定。
EiffelIsanEyeful
Some300metersup,neartheEiffelTower'swind-whippedsummittheworldcomestoscribble.Japanese,Brazilians.Americans-theygraffititheirnames,lovesandpoliticsonthecoldiron-transformingthemostFrenchofmonumentsintosymbolofaworldonthemove.
WithPairslaidoutinminiaturebelow,itseemsstrangethatvisitorswouldratherwastetimemarkingtheirpresencethanadmiringtheview.Butthegraffitialsoraisesaquestion:
Why,nearly114yearsafteritwascompleted,anddecadesafteritceasedtobetheworld'stalleststructure,istheTourEiffelstillsopopular?
Thereasonsareascomplexastheironworkthatgracesastructuresome90storieshigh.Butpartoftheansweris,nodoubt,itsagelessness,regularlymaintained,itshouldneverrustaway.Graffitiisregularlypaintedover,butthetowerliveson.
"EiffelrepresentsParisandParisisFrance.Itisverysymbolic,"saysHuguesRichard,a31-year-oldFrenchmanwhoholdstherecordforcyclinguptothetower'ssecondfloor-747stepsin19minutesand4seconds,withouttouchingthefloorwithhisfeet."It'sironlady,itinspiresus,"hesays.
Buttowhat?
Afterall,thetowerdoesn'thaveapurpose.Itceasedtobetheworld'stallestin1930whentheChryslerBuildingwentupinNewYork.Yes,televisionandradiosignalsarebeamedfromthetop,andGustaveEiffel,afreneticbuilderwhodiedonDecember27,aged91,useditsheightforconductingresearchintoweather,aerodynamicsandradiocommunication.
Butinessencethetowerinspiressimplybybeingthere-ablankcanvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill.Tothetechnicallyminded,it'sanengineeringtriumph.Forlovers,it'sromantic."Thetowerwilloutlastallofus,andbyalongway,"saysIsabelleEsnous,whosecompany.managesEiffelTower.
31.WhydoestheauthorthinktheEiffelToweristransformedintosymbolofaworldofthemove?
____________
A.TouristsfromallovertheworldcometotheEiffelTowerbycarorbyplane.
B.Touristsofallnationalitiescometoscribbleonthecoldironofthetower.
C.TheEiffelToweristhetallestbuildingintheworld.
D.TheEiffelTowerrepresentsallthetowersintheworld.
32.Whatseemsstrangetotheauthor?
____________
A.Visitorspreferwastingtimescribblingtoenjoyingtheview.
B.Visitorsspendsmuchtimewatchingotherpeoplescribbling.
C.OnlyJapanese,BraziliansandAmericansliketomarktheirpresence.
D.Scribblingspreadfromcountrytocountry.
33.WhichstatementsisNOTtrueofHuguesRichard?
____________
A.Heisacyclist.
B.Heisarecordholder.
C.Heclimbed747stepsupthetowerin19minutesand4seconds.
D.Hecycleduptothetower'ssecondfloor.
34.WhatdidthebuilderusetheEiffelTowerfor?
____________
A.Sendingradioandtelevisionsignalsallovertheworld.
B.Conductingresearchinvariousfields.
C.Givingpeopleinspiration.
D.DemonstratingFrenchculture.
35.Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto"(TheEiffelTowerislikeablankcanvasforvi
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