职称英语考试理工类阅读理解精选.docx
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职称英语考试理工类阅读理解精选.docx
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职称英语考试理工类阅读理解精选
职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选
(1)
Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople---nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages---haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.TheoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadeformtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500's.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.
ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe"PotatoFamine"of1845-6,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.
TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromsouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld'slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400's.
AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenagoatherdnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake"feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?
A)Food.
B)Chocolate.
C)Potato.
D)Coffee
2."Some"in"Somestillexisttoday"means
A)somecocoatrees.
B)somechocolatedrinks.
C)someshops.
D)someSouthAmericanIndians.
3.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe"PotatoFamine"because
A)theyweresodependentonthepotatothattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.
B)theywereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.
C)theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingthepotato.
D)thepotatoharvestwasbad.
4.Coffeeoriginallycamefrom
A)Brazil.
B)Colombia.
C)Ethiopia.
D)Arabia.
5.TheArabiclegendisusedtoprovethat
A)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi.
B)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi'sgoats.
C)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredinsouthAmericancountries.
D)coffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.
KEY:
ACDCD
职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选
(2)
One-roomschoolsarepartoftheUnitedStates,andthementionofthemmakespeoplefeelavaguelongingfor"thewaythingswere."One-roomschoolsareanendangeredspecies,however.Formorethanahundredyearsone-roomschoolshavebeensystematicallyshutdownandtheirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.Asrecentlyas1930therewere149,000one-roomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970therewere1,800.Today,ofthenearly800remainingone-roomschools,morethan350areinNebraska.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveontheirroadmapswide-spacesbetweentowns.
Nowthattherearehardlyanyleft,educatorsarebeginningtothinkthatmaybethereissomethingyettobelearnedformone-roomschools,somethingthatservedthepioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwithprogressive-soundingnameslike"peer-groupteaching"and"multi-agegrouping"foreducationalproceduresthatoccurnaturallyintheone-roomschools.Inaone-roomschoolsthechildrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartoftheTimeteachingsomeoneelse.Afourthgradercanworkatafifth-gradelevelinmathandathird-gradelevelinEnglishwithoutthestigmaassociatedwithbeingleftbackorthepressuresofbeingskippedahead.Ayoungsterwithalearningdisabilitycanfindhisorherownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheotherpupils.Inlargerurbanandsuburbanschoolstoday,thisiscalled"mainstreaming".AfewhoursisasmallschoolthathasonlyoneclassroomanditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelthatoneoftheadvantagesoflivinginNebraskaintheirchildrenhavetogotoaone-roomschool.
1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatmanyeducatorsandparentstodayfeelthatone-roomschools
A)needtobeshutdown.
B)arethebestinNebraska.
C)areagoodexampleofthegoodoldday.
D)providegoodeducation.
2.Whyareone-roomschoolsindangerofdisappearing?
A)Becausetheyallexistinonestate.
B)Becausetheyskiptoomanychildrenahead.
C)Becausethereisatrendtowardscentralization.
D)Becausethereisnofourth-gradelevelinanyofthem.
3.Whatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicoftheone-roomschoolinthesecondparagraph?
A)Somechildrenhavetobeleftback.
B)Teachersarealwaysbusy.
C)Pupilshavemorefreedom.
D)Learningisnotlimitedtoonegradelevelatatime.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'stowardone-roomschools?
A)Praising.
B)Angry.
C)Critical.
D)Humorous.
5.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastsentencethatparentslivinginNebraska
A)don'tlikecentralizedschools.
B)receivededucationalinone-roomschools.
C)preferrurallifetourbanone.
D)comefromotherstates.
KEY:
DCDAA
职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(3)
RecentlytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYorkissuedareportwhichlaidbareafullscaleofthecity.In1970,18percentofthecity'spopulationwasforeign-born.By1995,thefigurehadrisento33percent,andanother20percentweretheUS-bornoffspringsofimmigrants.Soimmigrantsandtheirchildrennowformamajorityofthecity'spopulation.
WhoaretheseNewYorkers?
Whydotheycomehere?
Wherearetheyfrom?
(OK,timetodropthe"they".I'moneofthem).Thelastquestionatleastiseasytoanswer:
wecomefromeverywhere.Inthelistofthetop20sourcenationsofthosesendingimmigrantstoNewYorkbetween1990and1994aresixcountriesinAsia,fiveintheCaribbean,fourinLatinAmerica,threeinEurope,plusIsraelandformerSovietUnion.Andwhenweimmigrantsgetherewerollupoursleeves."ifyou'renotreadytoworkwhenyougettoNewYork,"saysafriendofmine,"you'dbetterhittheroad."
ThemayorofNewYorkoncesaid,"ImmigrationcontinuestoshapetheuniquecharacteranddrivetheeconomicengineofNewYorkCity."HebelievesthatimmigrantsareattheheartofwhatmakesNewYorkgreat.InEurope,bycontrast,itismuchmorecommontohearpoliticiansworryaboutthelossof"unity"thatimmigrationbringstotheirsocieties.Inthequartercenturysince1970,theUnitedStatedadmittedabout125millionlegalimmigrants,andhasabsorbedthemintoitssocialstructureswithaneasebeyondtheimaginationofothernations.Sincetheseimmigrantsarepurposefulandhard-working,theywillhelpAmericatomakeafreshstartinthenextcentury.
1.ThereportissuedbytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYork
A)putforwardwaystocontrolNewYork'spopulation.
B)concerneditselfwiththegrowthofNewYork'spopulation.
C)studiedthestructureofNewYork'spopulation.
D)suggestedwaystoincreaseNewYork'spopulation.
2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheimmigrantsinNewYork?
A)OnecannotfindhisplaceinNewYorkunlessheisreadytowork.
B)TheyfoundlifeinNewYorkharderthanintheirowncountries.
C)Mostofthemhavedifficultyfindingjobs.
D)Onecanliveonwelfareifhedoesnotwanttowork.
3.ThemayorofNewYorkconsidersimmigrationtobe
A)abigprobleminthemanagementofthecity.
B)apushneededtodevelopthecity.
C)acauseofdisintegrationofthecity'ssocialstructure.
D)anobstacletothedevelopmentofthecity.
4.WherearethenewNewYorkersfrom?
A)Asia.
B)Europe.
C)Allovertheworld.
D)LatinAmerica.
5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsimmigrationtoNewYork?
A)Negative.
B)Worried.
C)Indifferent
D)Positive.
Keys:
CABCD
职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(4)
Inthemid1940's,theyoungambitiousduoRuthandElliotHandler,ownedacompanythatmadewoodenpicturesframes.Itwasin1945thatRuthandElliotHandlerjoinedwiththeirclosefriendHaroldMattsontoformacompanythatwouldbeknownforthemostfamousandsuccessfuldollevercreated.ThiscompanywouldbenamedMattel,MATTforMattson,andELforElliot.
Inthemid1950's,whilevisitingSwitzerland,RuthHandlerpurchasedaGermanLillidoll.Lilliwasashapely,prettyfashiondollfirstmadein1955.ShewasoriginallyfashionedafterafamouscartooncharacterintheWestGermanNewsletter,Build.
LilliisthedollthatwouldinspireRuthHandlertodesigntheBarbiedoll.WiththehelpofhertechniciansandengineersatMattel,Barbiewasborn.RuththenhiredCharlotteJohnson,afashiondesigner,tocreateBarbie'swardrobe.Itwasin1958thatthepatentforBarbiewasobtained.Thiswouldbeafashiondollunlikeanyofhertime.Shewouldbelonglimbed,shapely,beautiful,andonly11.5inchestall.RuthandElliotwouldnametheirnewfashiondollaftertheirowndaughter,Barbie.
In1959,theBarbiedollwouldmakeherwaytotheNewYorkToyShowandreceiveacoolreceptionfromthetoybuyers.
Barbiehasundergonealotofchangesovertheyearsandhasmanagedtokeepupwithcurrenttrendsinhairstyles,makeupandclothing.Sheisareflectionofthehistoryoffashionsinceherintroductiontothetoymarket.
Barbiehasauniversalappealandcollectorsbothyoungandoldenjoytimespentandmemoriesmadewiththeirdolls.
1.WhenRuthandElliotHandlerwasyoung,theyhadastrongdesire
A)togotoschool.
B)totakephotos.
C)tomakeframes.
D)tobehighlysuccessful.
2.WhoownedMattel?
A)Mattson.
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