大学英语综合教程3Unit 8答案.docx
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大学英语综合教程3Unit 8答案.docx
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大学英语综合教程3Unit8答案
答案3Unit-8大学英语综合教程
Unit8
Pre-ReadingTaskPartI
Scriptfortherecording:
ACloneofOurOwn
it'sgobeforelongwaytostillbethenextclones?
ThetechnologyhasaWillhumans
consideredsafetotryonhumans.Butevenifitweresafe,woulditberight?
Let'shearwhat
ProfessorHankGreelyofStanfordUniversityhastosayonthistopic.
Interviewer:
Whenwillwecloneahuman?
Greely:
That'snotasimplequestion.Ithinkwehavetoaskourselves:
istheresomething
aboutthetechnologythatissowrongorsoevilthatitshouldn'tbeusedatall?
Orshoulditbe
judgedaccordingtoitsintendeduses?
Interviewer:
Whatareacceptableuses?
Greely:
Wereallyneedtodistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofcloning.Ifweusecloningto
growanewliver,Idon'tthinkmanypeoplewillhaveproblemswiththat-aslongasit's
growingaliverandnottakingaliverfromaclonedperson.Humanreproductivecloningis
muchtrickier.Interviewer:
Why?
Greely:
Safety.There'sstillaverylowsuccessrate.WithDolly,thefirstclonedlamb,29
treatedeggswereimplantedinsheeptogetoneDolly.Wedon'tworrytoomuchaboutsheep
miscarriagesoraboutdeformedlambsbeingborn.Butwewouldwithhumans.Andwe
wouldn'tknowifahumanclonewouldbehealthy.Interviewer:
Dollyappearstobehealthy.
Whywouldn'tahumanclonebeso?
Greely:
Theremaybecellchangesthatareinitiallyinvisibleandonlyshowthemselvesas
thecloneages.There'salsoaproblemwiththeendsofchromosomesincells,
whichshortenuntilthecellscannolongerreproduce.WeknowthatDolly's
chromosomesareshorterthanthoseofothersheepherage,andwedon'tknow
whatthatmeansyet.
I
-188-Appendix
Interviewer:
Supposehumancloningwassafe.Inwhatsituationsdoyouseecloningbeingused?
Helpingparentswhoarehavingdifficultyhavingchildrenwouldbeonearea.Greely:
Interviewer:
Arethereothersituationswhereitmightbeacceptabletocreateahumanclone?
foranmarrowdonortobeabonesituationwhereparentswanttocreateanewchildAGreely:
oldersickchild.That'sarealtoughone.Butthatissuemightneverariseifwesucceedingrowing
Iaccidentallydied.childwhohasthebody.Anothersituationiscloningabonemarrowoutside
thinkthat'sdisturbing.ButI'veneverbeeninthatpositionandsoIdon'tfeelcomfortablesaying
Interviewer:
Whataboutwhetherthat'sagoodapplicationorabadapplicationofthetechnology.
cloningaHitlerorMichaelJordan?
Interviewer:
IsthereIthinkwecandismissthoseasbadorevensillyapplications.Greely:
anythingelseyou'dliketosayaboutthefutureofhumancloning?
and
rightitwasasasocietyhaddecidedwereGreely:
Evenifcloninghumanssafeandwe
Theofclones.we'dseealotpurposes,properforreproductiveIdon'tthink
oldfash-ionedwayofmakingbabieshasalotgoingforit:
It'seasy,traditional,well
sexupgoingtogivepleasant.andoccasionallyevenPeoplearenotunderstood,
anytimesoon.
PartIITextA
TexfOrganization
1PartParagraphMainIdea
Dollythesheep,aclone,wasbornParas1-PartOn
Paras3-PartTwDolly'sbirthhasmadecloningarealityandhuman
cloningapossibility
Paras7-1PartThrePeoplehavetofacetheethicalproblemsofhuman
cloning
Paras12-1PartFouCloningtechnologycouldbenefitpeopleinmore
thanoneway.
-189-AppendixI
2.MainIdeas
SectionsParagraphs
Paras7-9SectionOneHumancloninghasgivenrisetothequestionofwhatimplica-tionsthetechnologymayhaveformankind.
Paras10-11
SectionTwo
Themakingoftheatomicbombhadatremendousimpacton
scientists.
Vocabulary
2)gavebirthto
1)residence
4)primitivefuse3)
-
6)compromisegenes5)
8)union
7)mixture
10)startedoutbeforehand9)
12)catalogcomment11)14)alltheworld
13theoretical
)opposed15)2)wokeup1)callsfor
4)runsoutoftookup3)
6)brokedownsums...up5)
8)hasgrowninto
lashedoutat
7)
1)ThehillsidefacingthePacificisdottedwithcolorfulhouses.
2)ThepresentLabourgovernmentinheritedaweakeconomyfromtheConservative
govern-
3ThegreathistorianDr.Franklinlashedoutattheracialdiscriminationthathas
plaguedtheAmericanBlacksformorethantwohundredyears.
4Thisbloodtestwillshowwhetherornotyou'reimmunetothedisease.
5Politesocietywillnottoleratesuchoffensivebehavior.
4.1)Iamnotopposedtotheideaofcloninghumans.Ibelievethatinprincipleitisfar
lessterrifyingforapersontousehisorherowngeneticmaterialtocreateanidentical
twinthantouseanatomicbombtokillpeople.
2)Somepeoplearewonderingwhethertheadvancesinsciencehavebeengood.Theysay
thatthediscoveryofatomicenergyletlooseapowerfarmoredestructivethanany
weaponspeoplehaveinventedsinceancienttimes.Theythinkthatsciencehasagreat
potential
Appendix1-140-
fordoingevilunlesswelearntoharnessit.
3)Theyoungmanwasageniusandhadabrilliantmindforbusinessmanagement.Soon
afterheinheritedfromhisfatheralocalnewspaper,hemergeditwithanother.Today
hisnewspaperhasgrownintooneofthebest-knownnationalnewsdailies.
CollocationII.
shetookupresidenceelsewhere?
ratherWouldyou1)havecoffee?
'drather2)I'llordertea.Orperhapsyou
workforalivingthanbecomedependentonherhusband.wouldratherShe3)shedidnottellyouthestory.Ydrather4)III.Usage
Anunusualpresent,abookonethics,wasgiventoHenryforhisbirthday,
1)
Thereason(hegave)thathedidn'tnoticethecartilltoolatewasunsatisfactory.2)
Football,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.
3)
Cloninghadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthat4)
seriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappenanytimesoon.
Structure
1)True,thesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect,butitdoesnotreadnaturally.1.
It'struetherehasbeenaconsiderableincreaseinourlivingcosts,butthequalityof2)
ourlifehasimprovedsignificantlybecauseourwageshavedoubledoverthesame
period.
3)True,PeterdoesnotholdanMBAdegree,butheisnonethelessacompetent
manager.
4)Inmycountry,teenagersarenotallowedtobuyalcoholicdrinks.True,but
we'renotinyourcountry,arewe?
2.1)Whatiftheschemedoesnotworkout?
2)Whatifsomescientistsignorebioethicsandstarttoclonehumanbeings?
3)Whatifyoucan'tgethomebeforedark?
4)WhatifIdidhaveatalkwithyourbossbeforehefiredyou?
ComprehensiveExercises
I.Cloze
(A)
1.cloning2.amopposedto
-141-AppendixI
offensive4.3.terrifying
curiosity6.5.normally
potential8.7.inprinciple
immune9.transplanting10.
identical
11.genius12.
(B)
producing2.1.on
that/which4.3.of
Despite5.both6.
with7.took8.
for9.human10.
but11.not12.
who14.13.by
of15.opposition/condemnation16.
from18.17.what
when
20.19.with
II.Translatio
AfterDollywasborn,cloningcouldnolongerbedismissedassciencefiction.Theability
tocreateanidenticaltwinofalambisbutonestepshortofcloninghumans,whichmanyfind
terrifyingandoffensive.Howeverthetechnologyholdsgreatpotentialformedicalapplication.
Scientistscouldcultivateabatchofcellsanddirectthemtogrowintowholeorgansoreven
limbsthatwillbegeneticallyidenticaltothoseofthepatient,thuseliminatingtheproblem
ofrejectioncausedbyimmunereactionwhentheyaretransplantedintohisbody.Orthey
couldtakeanorganfromanimalssuchasapigthathasbeengeneticallyalteredsothatitwill
betoleratedbytherecipient.Thenthelivesofthousandsofpatientswhodieeveryyearbefore
areplacementheart,liverorkidneybecomesavailablewouldbesaved
PartIIITextB
ComprehensionCheck
1.d2.c
4.d3.b
IAppendix-142-5.b6.cTranslation
(#JALAppendixIII)
LanguagePractice
1.prospect2.enhance
4.3.necessarilycondemn
6.5.vagueovercome
8.7.wasboundtorestson
10.9.lent...supporttoartificial
12.11.objectionsinevitable
14.13.subscribedtosignificant
16.15.cometotermswithbyvirtueof
18.17.hadsecondthoughtsinessence
20.19.prohibitingvital
PartIVTheme-RelatedLanguageLearningTasks
Modelpaper
MyViewsonHumanCloning
Withhumancloningbecominganear-termprospect,wearebroughtface-to-face
withthemostbasicethicalquestionsoflife.Opinionsdifferwidelyastowhetherhuman
cloningshouldbeprohibited.
True,humancloningclearlyhasmuchtooffer.Byusingcellsfromthepatient'sown
bodytogroworganstoreplacediseasedparts,theproblemofrejectioncanbeavoided.This
mightproveuseful,forexample,infightingleukemiathroughbonemarrowtransplants.But
whataboutmakinganidenticalcopyofahumanbeing?
IanWilmut,whocreatedDollythesheep,findstheideaoffensive.ProfessorHank
GreelyatStanfordalsofindsthesuggestiondeeplydisturbing.Foronething,the
technologyisfarfromperfect.Theremaybelotsofmiscarriagesanddeformedclones.What
shallwedowiththem?
Shallwekeepthehealthyclonesandjustkillofftheoneswitha
deformedbodyordefectivebrains?
That,Iamafraid,wouldoffendthereligiousbeliefsofa
greatmanypeople.Foranother,evenifthe
-
AppendixI
143-
technologyisperfected,whocanguaranteenoonewillmisuseitforevilpurposes?
Therefore,Iamstronglyopposedtohumancloningforreproductivepurposes.The
governmentshouldenactlawstopr
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