非谓语动词表格形式.docx
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非谓语动词表格形式.docx
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非谓语动词表格形式
非谓语动词表格形式
非谓语动词
一.动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成:
to+动词原形(这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义)
否定:
not+(to+)动词原形
2.动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面,其结构为:
It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式
表语
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?
—Helikestoplaybasketball.
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to
定语
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
不定式做定语,要放在所修饰词的后面
状语
I’msorrytotroubleyou.
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
1.todo作主语常用it作形式主语
例:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of.
2.一些表示命令,打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语:
wouldlike,like(想要),want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。
例:
Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?
3.在find,think后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
例:
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
4.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式作宾语
Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…
例:
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.
5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语,但to要省略。
一感(fell)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let/make/let)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五帮助(help),但变为被动语态是必须加上to.
例:
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
二.动名词
1.动名词的构成:
动词原形+-ing
2.动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.
谓语动词用单数形式
宾
语
动词
宾语
Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作
介词
宾语
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.
表语
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.
多数情况下,动名词作表语可装换成做主语
定语
Sheisinthereadingroom.
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
至置于所修饰词之前
常跟动名词作宾语的词:
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)
继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
三.分词
1.构成:
动词+-ing
动词+-ed
2.分词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
定语
Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?
Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.
现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。
状语
Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.
Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语
表语
Thesituationisencouraging.
Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态(也就是我们常说的人用-ed,物用-ing.)
补足语
Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.
Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.
He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.
现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)
四.易混清单
1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别
stoptodosth.停下来去做
stopdoingsth.停止做
remembertodosth.记住要做某事(动作未发生)
rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事(动作已发生)
forgettodosth.忘记做某事(动作未发生)
Forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)
trytodosth.努力去做某事
Trydoingsth.试着去做某事
goontodosth.做完一件事,接着去做另一件事
goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事
allowdoingsth.允许做某事
allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事
regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
Regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔(已做)
meantodosth.打算,想做某事
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
二.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
我们常见的动词有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等,它们接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的经常性的动作;接现在分词做宾补,表示动作正在进行着。
例:
Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(“唱”这个动作已经结束)
三.Need,require,want做“需要”解时,后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。
例:
Thewindowneedscleaning.→Thewindowneedstobecleaned.
wanttobedone=wantdoing
needtobedone=needdoing
requiretobedone=requiredoing
四.现在分词与过去分词的区别
1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动(修饰人用-ed,修饰物用-ing)。
例:
thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的消息
asurprisedman一个感到惊讶的人
2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已近完成的动作。
例:
thedevelopingcountry发展中国家
thedevelopedcountry发达国家
五.注意下列“to”是介词,不是动词不定式。
make(a)contribution(s)to为……作贡献
devoteto献身,致力于……
lookforwardto期盼,盼望
prefer……to……两者间更喜欢……
beusedto…习惯…….;适应……
1.Grannyoftentellsus______waterinourdailylife.
A.save
B.saving
C.tosave
D.saves
2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished______theemail.
A.write
B.towrite
C.writing
D.wrote
3.BeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus______thepublicrules.
A.obey
B.toobey
C.obeying
D.obeyed
4.James,I’mtootired.Let’sstop______arest.
A.having
B.have
C.tohaving
D.tohave
5.—WecanuseQQtochatwithotherontheInternet.
—Really?
Willyoupleaseshowme______it?
A.howtouse
B.whattouse
C.howcanIuse
D.whatcanIuse
6.—Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?
—Isawhim______inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim______.
A.playing;don’tdoso
B.playing;notdoso
C.play;todoso
7.—Hi,Steve!
Ourteacherstoldus______anelectricbike.It’stoodangerous.
—I’msorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.
A.toride
B.notride
C.nottoride
8.Asteenagers,we’reoldenough______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.
A.tohelp
B.helping
C.helped
9.—Marydancesbestinourschool.
—Iagree.I’llneverforget______herdanceforthefirsttime.
A.seeing
B.tosee
C.see
D.seen
10.ChineseathletesdidagreatjobintheWinterOlympicsinCanada.Itcanencouragepost-90s(90后)________.
A.workhard
B.workedharder
C.workingharder
D.toworkhard
11.Don’tforget____anumbrella_____you.It’sgoingtorain.
A.totake;to
B.taking;to
C.totake;with
D.taking;with
12.Nancyisreallyahard–workingstudent.Weoftenseeher______booksintheclassroom.
A.read
B.toread
C.reads
13.—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?
—IwillifIamfree.
A.holding
B.held
C.tohold
D.tobeheld
14.Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.
A.write
B.towrite
C.written
D.writing
15.Dannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby______.
A.tostopcrying
B.stopcrying
C.tostoptocry
D.stoptocry
16.Wehavetworooms_____,butIcan’tdecide______.
A.tolive;tochoosewhichone
B.lived;choosewhichone
C.tolivedin;whichonetochose
D.live;whichone
17.Theteachertoldthestudents______anyfoodintothecomputerroom.
A.nottobring
B.notbring
C.don’tbring
D.bringnot
18.Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.
A.creat
B.creates
C.creating
D.created
19.TheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.
A.answer
B.answering
C.toanswer
D.answered
20.You’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
A.don’tspend
B.nottospend
C.tonotspend
D.notspend
21.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.
A.served
B.toserve
C.serve
D.serves
22.—IsJackinthelibrary?
—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.
A.going
B.go
C.togo
D.went
23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?
—Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.
A.toplay;must
B.playing;haveto
C.toplay;can
D.playing;may
24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?
—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.
A.seeing;too
B.tosee;enough
C.seeing;so
D.tosee;such
25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?
A.ask;write
B.toask;writing
C.ask;writing
D.asking;writing
26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.
A.keep;tolivein
B.willkeep;tolivein
C.keep;tolive
D.willkeep;tolive
27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.
A.work
B.working
C.towork
D.works
28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.
A.ask
B.asking
C.andask
D.toask
29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.
A.toborrow
B.borrow
C.borrowed
D.borrowing
30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?
—Itmakesme______veryproud.
A.felt
B.tofeel
C.feeling
D.feel
31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.
A.tonotbe
B.nottobe
C.notbeing
D.beingnot
32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.
A.ofyoudodraw
B.foryoutodraw
C.foryoudrawing
D.ofyoudrawing
33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.(时期)
A.repairing;building
B.tobuild;repair
C.building;repairing
D.torepair;build
34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican’tdecide______.
A.whentochoose
B.tochoosewhich
C.whichonetochoose
35.—Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?
—Iwouldrather______athomethan______football.it’stoohotoutside.
A.stay;playing
B.stay;play
C.tostay;toplay
D.tostay;playing
36.IttookLiMinganhour_____hisbikeyesterday
A.torepair
B.repairing
C.repaired
D.repair
37.It’simportant_______thepianowell.
A.ofhimtoplay
B.forhimtoplay
C.ofhimplaying
D.forhimplaying
38.Myjobis_______youJapanese.
A.toteach
B.teach
C.teaches
D.taught
39.Thedoctor_______a______boyyesterday.
A.hadsaved;dying
B.saved;dead
C.hassaved;dead
D.saved;dying
40.Wouldyoumind______mehow______Englishwords?
A.tell;toremember
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