论外商直接投资 Foreign Direct Investment 英语作文.docx
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论外商直接投资 Foreign Direct Investment 英语作文.docx
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论外商直接投资ForeignDirectInvestment英语作文
ForeignDirectInvestment
ForeignDirectInvestment(FDI),canbeunderstoodasaninvestmentmadebyacompanyorentitybasedinonecountry,intoacompanyorentitybasedinanothercountry.ForeignDirectInvestmentplaysanextraordinaryandgrowingroleinglobalbusiness.Thesetrans-nationalinvestmentshavebecomethemajoreconomicdriverofglobalization,accountingforoverhalfofallcross-borderinvestments.
LongandShortEssaysonForeignDirectInvestmentforKidsandStudentsinEnglish
GivenbelowaretwoessaysinEnglishforstudentsandchildrenaboutthetopicof‘ForeignDirectInvestment’inbothlongandshortform.ThefirstessayisalongessayonForeignDirectInvestmentof400-500words.ThislongessayaboutForeignDirectInvestmentissuitableforstudentsofclass7,8,9and10,andalsoforcompetitiveexamaspirants.ThesecondessayisashortessayonForeignDirectInvestmentof150-200words.Thesearesuitableforstudentsandchildreninclass6andbelow.
LongEssayonForeignDirectInvestment500WordsinEnglish
BelowwehavegivenalongessayonForeignDirectInvestmentof500wordsishelpfulforclasses7,8,9and10andCompetitiveExamAspirants.Thislongessayonthetopicissuitableforstudentsofclass7toclass10,andalsoforcompetitiveexamaspirants.
Historically,FDIhasbeendirectedatdevelopingnationsasfirmsfromadvancedeconomiesinvestedinothermarkets,withtheUScapturingmostoftheFDIinflows.WhiledevelopedcountriesstillaccountforthelargestshareofFDIinflows,datashowsthatthestockandflowofFDIhasincreasedandismovingtowardsdevelopingnations,especiallyintheemergingeconomiesaroundtheworld.
FDIsnotonlyprovideforeigncapitalandfunds,butalsoequipdomesticcountrieswithadvancedcommercialskillsets(duetotransferoftechnologyandknowledge),informationandexpertise,jobopportunitiesandimprovedproductivitylevels.
FDIisattractedintoacountryfordifferentreasons.Atagenerallevel,inorderforacountrytobemoreattractivetoinvestors,thereisaneedtocreateaconduciveenvironmentbyreducingthesocalledhasslecosts.AnenablingenvironmentforFDIhasseveralcomponents.Firstofall,politicalandmacroeconomicstabilitiesareanabsolutepre-requisiteforanykindofprivateinvestment,includingFDI.Numerousstudieshaveamplydemonstratedthatpoliticalandecqnomicstabilities,alongwiththeprospectofgrowth,arethemostimportantdeterminantsforFDI.Onlyinextremecases,suchastheexistenceofcrucialnaturalresources,wouldaforeigninvestorgotoawarzoneorwherethereisrampantinflation.Secondly,asoundpolicyandregulatoryframeworkandefficientsupportinginstitutionstoenforcetherelevantlawsandregulationsareimperativeforFDItoenterandthrive.
Especiallyinaglobalisedcompetitivemarket,thedifferencebetweencountriesinhowconducivetheirinvestmentclimatemaybe,includinghowaninvestorisreceived,howmanyadministrativeandregulatoryobstaclesaninvestorhastoovercometoenterandoperate,andhowcommercialdisputesarehandledthroughthejudiciarysystemhaveahugeimpactonwheretheinvestorwillgoandhowmuchcontributiontheinvestmentwillmaketothehosteconomy.Finally,anadequatephysicalandsocialinfrastructurecomplementsagoodpolicyandregulatoryframeworktocreatethenecessaryenvironmentforattractingFDI.Theseincludethequantityandqualityofroadsandcommunicationsystems,skilledlabour,aswellastheefficiencywithwhichpublicservicesaredelivered.TheyarealsoimportantifthefullpotentialbenefitsofFDIpresencearetoberealized.
Therearemainlythreemajormodesthroughwhichfirmsundertakeforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)–mergerandacquisition,jointventure,newplant.Mostly,theinvestmentisintoproductionbyeitherbuyingacompanyinthetargetcountryorbyexpandingoperationsofanexistingbusinessintothatcountry.
FDIwasintroducedinIndiain1991undertheForeignExchangeManagementAct(FEMA)asapartoftheneweconomicpolicy.AnIndiancompanymayreceiveForeignDirectInvestmentunderthetworoutesnamelyAutomaticrouteORGovernmentroute.Inautomaticroute,FDIisallowedundertheautomaticroutewithoutpriorapprovaleitheroftheGovernmentortheReserveBankofIndiainallactivities/sectorsasspecifiedintheconsolidatedFDIPolicy,issuedbytheGovernmentofIndiafromtimetotime.WhereasintheGovernmentroute,FDIinactivitiesnotcoveredundertheautomaticrouterequirespriorapprovaloftheGovernmentwhichareconsideredbytheForeignInvestmentPromotionBoard(FIPB),DepartmentofEconomicAffairs,MinistryofFinance.
TheIndiangovernmentundertookaseriesofstepstoopenandtherebyenlargethescopeofinvestmentsthroughFDI.In1997,FDIincashandcarry(wholesale)with100%rightsallowedunderthegovernmentapprovalroute;In2006,FDIincashandcarry(wholesale)wasbroughtunderautomaticapprovalroute,upto51%investmentinsinglebrandretailoutletpermitted,subjecttoPressNote3(2006series).In2011100%FDIinSingleBrandRetailallowed’.In2012governmentapproved,theallowanceof51percentforeigninvestmentinmulti-brandretail,ItalsorelaxedFDInormsforcivilaviationandbroadcastingsectors.
ShortEssayonForeignDirectInvestment200WordsinEnglish
BelowwehavegivenashortessayonForeignDirectInvestmentisforClasses1,2,3,4,5,and6.Thisshortessayonthetopicissuitableforstudentsofclass6andbelow.
However,FDIinmulti-brandretailcontinuestobeaboneofcontentionamongstpolicymakersandpoliticalparties.Today,FDIisapprovedinallsectorsexceptatomicenergy,lotterybusiness,gamblingandbetting,businessofChitFund,NidhiCompany,agricultural(excludingFloriculture,Horticulture,developmentofseeds,animalhusbandry,piscicultureandcultivationofvegetables,mushrooms,etc.undercontrolledconditionsandservicesrelatedtoagroandalliedsectors)andplantationsactivities(otherthanteaplantations),housingandRealEstatebusiness(exceptdevelopmentoftownships,constructionofresidential/commercialpremises,roadsorbridgestotheextentspecifiedinnotification,tradinginTransferableDevelopmentRights(TDRs),manufactureofcigars,cheroots,cigarillosandcigarettes,oftobaccooroftobaccosubstitutes.
IndiaisthethirdlargesteconomyoftheworldintermsofpurchasingpowerparityandthuslooksattractivetotheworldforFDI.EvenGovernmentofIndia,hasbeentryinghardtodoawaywiththeFDIcapsformajorityofthesectors,buttherearestillcriticalareaslikeretailingandinsurancewherethereislotofoppositionfromlocalIndians/Indiancompanies.Thefearthatsmalldomesticretailerwillbepulverizedduetotheentryofforeignplayers,leavestheIndianParliamentdividedonthedecisionofwhethertoopenFDIinthosesectors.
Forgrowth,FDIisessentialforIndiawhichisalsoanattractivedestinationforthesamebecauseofcheaplabourhereanditbeinganintensivelyconsumerFDIbasedeconomy.ThegovernmentalsowelcomesFDIandhasinstitutedmanymeasurestoencourageforeigninvestmentviataxexemptionsandincreasingorremovingcapsandceilings.
ForeignDirectInvestmentEssayWordMeaningsforSimpleUnderstanding
Entity–athingwithdistinctandindependentexistence.
Equip–supplywiththenecessaryitemsforaparticularpurpose.
Expertise–expertskillorknowledgeinaparticularfield.
Conducive–makingacertainsituationoroutcomelikelyorpossible.
Hassle–irritatinginconvenience
Acquisition–anassetorobjectboughtorobtained
Consolidation–tobringtogether(separateparts)intoasingleorunifiedwhole
Contention–heateddisagreement.
Pulverised–toreducetonothing
Instituted–established
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