中国矿业大学博士入学英语考试试题.docx
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中国矿业大学博士入学英语考试试题.docx
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中国矿业大学博士入学英语考试试题
EntranceExaminationinEnglishforPh.DCandidatesatCUMTB
(November,2007)
提示:
请将所有答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效。
PartOne:
Cloze(15points)
Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor
(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to
(2)greatextent,(3)yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Aperson(5)beginsajobconvincedthatheisn'tgoingtolikeitoris(6)thatheisgoingtoailisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecure(7)hisbeliefthatheisprobablyascapable(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptnearitpossessesacertainstrengthofpurpose.The(9)arethathewilldowell.
(10)theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.Lackingthoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan'taddoracarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.
Thisbookhasbeendesignedto(11)youcapitalizeonthestrengthandovercomethe(12)thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butingroupstomeasureyourdevelopment,youmustfirsttakestockofsomewhereyoustandnow.(13)wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbedialinginsomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening(14)skills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpausetoexamineyourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:
your(15),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.
PartTwo:
ReadingComprehension(40points)
PassageOne
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoes-beginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighbouringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.
ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.
Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or"Nowcasts,"wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.
1.Theword"exceeded"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans____.
[A]addedupto
[B]weremorethan
[C]wereabout
[D]werelessthan
2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause____.
[A]thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents
[B]thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit
[C]theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong
[D]weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable
3.Accordingtothepassage,theword"Nowcast"(paragraph3)means____.
[A]awayofcollectingrawweatherdata
[B]aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway
[C]anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata
[D]amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation
4.Accordingtothepassage,____isthekeyfactortomaking"Nowcasts"areality.[A]scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites
[B]computerscientist
[C]meteorologists
[D]advancedcomputerprograms
5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith____.
[A]atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta
[B]what'sa"Nowcast"
[C]thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast
[D]abreakthroughinweatherforecast
PassageTwo
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ParadiseLostisMilton'smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about"thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton'swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto"justifythewaysofGodtomen",butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan'srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.
InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.
AdamandEveshowsMilton'sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton'srevolutionaryfeelingsmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines(教条).TheangelswhosurroundtheGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicanParliament.
6.Thispassageismostprobably____.
[A]areviewofMilton'sParadiseLost
[B]anintroductionofwhatParadiseLostisabout
[C]adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler
[D]partofanintroductiontoEnglishliterature
7.Accordingtothepassage,Milton____.
[A]describesSatanasaPuritan
[B]doesn'tbelieveinGod
[C]issatisfiedwiththeBritishruler
[D]callsonpeopletofightagainstthedictator
8.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas____.
[A]anevilperson
[B]contrarytowhatisdepictedintheBible
[C]selfishandcrueldevil
[D]astupidghost
9.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?
[A]IfAdamandEvehadnoteatentheforbiddenfruit,humanbeingwouldbeignorantuntilnow.
[B]Godactslikeadictator.
[C]Satanandhisfollowersareparliamentmembersinthepoem.
[D]Theangelsaredepictedasstupidinthepoem.
10.Accordingtothispassage,ParadiseLostiswrittenforthepurposeof____.
[A]praisingGodforthecreationoftheworld
[B]criticizingthecruelnessofBritishruler
[C]changingpeople'sunfavourableimpressionofSatan
[D]expressinghissupportforthefightofSatan
PassageThree
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.
Ms.Harris'sattackonthedevelopmentalists'"nature"argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?
Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?
Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.
Moreover,muman
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